History of automobile development-early period (1): The golden age of steam cars in the early period of automobile development (1) 18. At the end of this year, there was an upsurge in the research and manufacture of steam cars in Europe and America, and various steam cars came out one after another. The car body and other mechanisms are also improving rapidly. 19th century is the heyday of steam cars. 180 1 year, Richard trey witrich built the earliest steam car in Britain. Two years later, Dai made a steam car that looked like a coach. This bus can take 8 people, setting a world record of 9.6km/h on a flat road and 6.4km/h on a ramp. (2): The golden age of early steam cars (1) 1828, Haengel restrained himself and became a steam bus with better performance than Ghana, thus starting a public transportation career. His car can carry 22 passengers at a speed of 32km/h, and it is very popular after operation. 1834, the earliest bus transportation company in the world-"Scottish Steam Company" was established. (3) The Golden Age of Steam Cars in the Early History of Automobile Development (2) 1805, American Evans made an amphibious car with a steam engine for the first time. This amphibious vehicle was commissioned by the Port Authority of Philadelphia to clean up the port of Philadelphia. At first, it intended to build a dredger. Unexpectedly, after the ship was built, because the working place was not on the coast, the steam ship had to be transported to a place with a port. Evans installed four wheels at the bottom of the boat and drove them with the steam engine on board. In this way, the ship was transported to the port. Therefore, dredgers have become amphibious vehicles. It has also become the originator of modern amphibious vehicles. (4): The decline of steam cars in the early history of automobile development In the initial development period of steam cars, their design was very simple, that is, installing a steam engine on the chassis and wheels. In order to achieve a certain output power, it is necessary to have a boiler as large as possible; In order to achieve a certain journey, we must have enough water and coal; When the car body is heavy, a solid underframe and solid wheels are needed. In this way, the vicious circle, the car is getting heavier and heavier, and the operation is getting harder and harder. Therefore, these large steam trucks are only suitable for scheduled round-trip driving, with fixed routes and coal and water supply along the way. Even so, there are still many inevitable defects, such as difficult braking, heavy car, narrow wheels, large inertia and insensitive steering. Sometimes you know you have to slow down and turn, but you can't slow down and turn. You can only watch the car hit an obstacle, or brake too hard and the axle is broken. What is even more frightening is that the boiler pressure is too high, which is difficult to control for a while, and boiler explosions often occur. (5): The revival and final decline of steam cars in the early stage of automobile development. /kloc-at the end of 0/9, with the development of capitalist industry and commerce, European and American governments deeply felt that carriages could no longer meet the needs of the times, so they began to vigorously promote electric locomotives. Under this call, the steam industry in various countries has developed rapidly like dew after a long drought. 1872, a Frenchman, Amede Parisian, built a four-wheeled steam bus, which was equipped with two V-shaped steam engines and equipped with a transmission and steering wheel similar to modern cars. 1883, a Frenchman, Dion Pudong, set up an automobile company to manufacture three-wheeled steam cars. Since then, the steam car has entered the stage of industrial production from a single trial production. With the development of passenger cars, steam trucks have also developed. Trucks need great traction and can climb hills. The typical style of early steam trucks was that the engine was driven by front and rear wheels, and there was a spacious car slot. (6): Four milestones in the history of automobile development: the first gasoline engine car 1885, German engineer karl benz developed a tricycle with a gasoline engine of 0.85 HP. Another German engineer, Godlib Daimler, has also developed a four-wheeled vehicle, which is driven by a gasoline engine with 1. 1 horsepower. The first production car 1908, the first four-wheeled Ford model t assembled on the production line in automobile history, was born in the United States. Ford Model T changed the shape of previous vehicles and horses, combined with the innovation and improvement of functional configuration, and became the best personal transportation in the city at that time. In the first year of listing, it sold 65,438+09,000 vehicles. 150,000 T-cars were produced when they rolled off the assembly line in 920. The success of the first auto time Volkswagen Beetle is well known: it broke the production record of Ford Model T. At present, Volkswagen has launched a new Beetle, which has aroused great interest. Its advantages are durability, no luxury and popular price. The first mini-car (7): the history of several major automobile companies. Ford Motor Company is one of the top ten automobile industry companies in the world. Is a comprehensive multinational monopoly industrial group mainly producing automobiles, and its business scope covers electronics, aviation, steel, military industry and so on. 190 1 was founded in Detroit, USA. At present, the company is headquartered in dearborn, Michigan, USA, with 370,000 employees. The company has an engineering research institute? ⒅⒅ ⑸ ⒁ ⒁ ⒁ ⒁ ⒁ ⒁ ⒁ ⒁ ⒁ ⒁ ⒁ ⒁ ⒁ ⒁ ⒁ ⒁ ⒁? Do 9？ Mirror? Where is the pit address? What's the significance of this play? Hey? Pastoral care, washing and cleaning, milling sheath and diarrhea? ⑶ ⑼ ⑼ ⑼ ⑼ ⑼ ⑼ ⑼ ⑼ ⑼ ⑼ ⑼ ⑼ ⑼ ⑼ ⑼ ⑼ ⑼ ⑼ ⑼ ⑼ ⑼? Ford I, the founder of the company, is the son of a farmer. He is called the founder of modern automobile. He designed the Ford Model T and assembled it on the assembly line. One car can be produced every 10 second, which greatly reduces the production cost and creates a production record of 20 years150,000 vehicles. At the same time, Ford can produce 65,438+0965,438+065,438+0 ~ 65,438+0927 cars. Old Ford founded the car company twice and failed. The third time, he hired experts to predict the market, put forward the idea of cheap cars for him and established a widely distributed sales system. The designer who enjoys the reputation of "mechanical genius" designed the production line for him. With the completion of these tasks, his Model T has been continuously integrated into the market. When he achieved decisive success and ascended the throne of "automobile king", he turned a deaf ear to these heroes and started personal dictatorship and family monopoly. At that time, none of the company's more than 500 senior staff had received higher education. Financial chaos to the point of continuing to pay the dead employees. As a result, GM came from behind. At the time of the company crisis, Ford II, with a high degree of education, took office with a group of think tanks. The company's operating conditions are gradually improving. But the family's bad habits made Ford II repeat the same mistakes. He went his own way and fired Yaka, an automobile talent who created hundreds of millions of dollars for him, which shocked the ruling and opposition parties. In just two years from 1980 to 1982, the company lost $3 billion. On the verge of bankruptcy. In another crisis, Ford II retired with 40% of the company's shares. Decades of history has proved that under certain conditions, property ownership and management rights should be separated. After the new leader took office, he reformed the management system, mobilized the enthusiasm of workers to participate in management, and took a series of measures for the revitalization of the company. 1989 turnover reached 96.9 billion dollars. Sit firmly in the second place in American automobile industry (8): the symbol of General Motors. "GM" in the picture is the abbreviation of General Motors, which is taken from the first letter of the first two words. General Motors is the largest automobile company in the world, with an annual gross industrial output value of over US$ 6,543,800 billion. Its logo GM is taken from the first letter of the English word General Motors. 1908 was developed by william durant on the basis of Buick Motor Company and established in Detroit, USA. The current headquarters is still located in Detroit. In addition to producing and selling automobiles, it is also involved in aerospace, electronic communication, industrial automation and finance. From automobile production? Mildew? Juji block? What does Kangnang mean? About 0%. General Motors ranks first among the 500 largest enterprises in the United States and second among the largest industrial enterprises in the world. It employs 80 employees in the United States and around the world. What about planting pods? In 0 countries and regions, the annual output of GM family cars reaches 9 million. General Motors has six automobile departments in the United States, namely Buick, Oldsmobile, Cadillac, Chevrolet, Pontiac and GMC. In addition, there are many branches around the world, among which GM's European branch is the largest, and Opel and Foxhall have an annual output of over one million cars. Not long ago, General Motors acquired British Lotus Automotive Engineering Company, which is the most advanced sports car research and production department in the world, adding strength to the GM family. General Motors is one of the first super-large enterprises in the United States to implement joint-stock system and expert group management. The cars produced by GM typically show the characteristics of American cars, such as luxury, spaciousness, comfortable interior, high speed and great reserve power. In addition, GM attaches great importance to quality and the adoption of new technologies. Therefore, universal products have always enjoyed a high reputation in the eyes of users. (9): Mercedes-Benz Trident of Mercedes-Benz Automobile Company symbolizes the desire to conquer land, sea and air. This logo was produced after the merger of Daimler and Mercedes-Benz. Daimler's original trademark is three-pointed star, and Mercedes-Benz's trademark is double-circle "Mercedes-Benz". After the merger of the two, Daimler-Benz's trademark is a three-pointed star in a single circle. Mercedes-Benz Automobile Company is the oldest manufacturer in the world, which is famous for producing high-quality and high-performance luxury cars. It is also one of the top ten automobile companies in the world. Germany sells first and second. It was founded in 1926 by Karl Benz and gottlieb daimler, who are praised as "the father of automobiles" by the world. The predecessor of Mercedes-Benz Automobile Company is the Mercedes-Benz Automobile Factory and Daimler Automobile Factory, which were established in 1886. 1926, the two factories merged into Daimler-Benz Automobile Company, which was originally divided into the so-called Mannheim version and the Stuttgart version. 1936, the product is named Mercedes-Benz. 1945, Mercedes-Benz began to produce trucks, 1946, and resumed the production of cars, gradually restoring its position as the leading manufacturer of high-end cars in the world. 1989, in order to facilitate management, the company was reorganized into Daimler-Benz Industrial Group, and its automobile department was renamed Mercedes-Benz Automobile Company. Headquartered in Stuttgart, Germany, Mercedes-Benz employs 6.5438+0.85 million people. Annual output of 600,000 cars. The management style of Mercedes-Benz Automobile Company is consistent, and it does not pursue the expansion of automobile production, but only pursues the production of high-quality, high-performance and high-grade automobile products. Among the top ten automobile companies in the world, Mercedes-Benz has the smallest output, less than 6.5438+0 million vehicles, but its profit and sales volume are in the top five. Mercedes-Benz's lowest-level car also costs more than $654.38 +0.5 million, luxury car costs more than $654.38 +0.5 million, and mid-level car costs about $40,000. In addition to high-end luxury cars, Mercedes-Benz is also the most famous manufacturer of buses and heavy trucks in the world. Mercedes-Benz has all kinds of trucks, special cars and buses. Only the basic types of trucks are l 10. Mercedes-Benz is also the largest heavy-duty automobile manufacturer in the world. Its all-wheel drive 3850AS truck has a maximum power of 368 kW and a traction capacity of 220 tons. 1984 Mercedes-Benz introduced new trucks ranging from 6.5 tons to l 1 ton, and adopted new technologies such as air brake, servo steering gear and electronic brake anti-lock device, which shocked major truck companies.