Rocks are divided into magmatic rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks according to their genesis. The origin of magmatic rocks is: under great pressure, the magma inside the earth invades the upper part of the crust or ejects the surface along the weak zone of the crust, forming a volcanic eruption. With the decrease of temperature and pressure, the rocks formed by cooling and solidification are magmatic rocks. Common magmatic rocks are granite, basalt and rhyolite. In the process of magmatic rock formation, useful minerals are enriched to form minerals and polymetallic ores. Sedimentary rocks are formed under the action of external forces. Rocks exposed on the earth's surface are damaged by wind, rain, sun and biological action. These fragments are carried from one place to another by wind and running water and deposited. The rocks formed by compaction and consolidation are sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks have the characteristics of bedding structure, and layers of strata record strata of different times. Different strata, including biological remains or footprints of this period, are fossils. According to fossils, we can infer the age of rocks and the geographical environment at that time, and sedimentary rocks are mostly exogenous minerals. Metamorphic rock is a kind of formed rock. The high temperature and high pressure caused by magmatic activity and crustal movement changed the composition and properties of the original rock and formed a new rock, which is metamorphic rock. For example, limestone becomes marble, shale becomes slate and so on. Metamorphic rocks mostly form metamorphic minerals.
And all kinds of stones have their own names in various places, and many of them are also famous:
Traditional stone materials: Lingbi stone, Taihu stone, quartz stone and Kunshi stone.
Guangxi: Fossil, Ma 'an painted pottery stone, Hezhou yellow wax stone, Liuzhou flower stone, Liuzhou inkstone, Sanjiang colored stone, Laibin washed stone, stone gall, Sanjiang black pebble, Baise colored wax stone, Tiane pebble, Yongjiang pebble, Jiang Xunshi, Jiang Yunshi, Ma Shanshi, Dawan pebble, Lingshan flower stone and Ankui pebble.
Guangdong: Chaozhou yellow wax stone, Yangchun malachite and Huadu chrysanthemum stone.
Hunan: Perforated stones in Paibi Township, corrugated stones in Lishui, colored silica washed by water, and strange stones in Qushui.
Hubei: Yellowstone Malachite, Yuyang Stone, Three Gorges Rainflower Stone, Vitex negundo Stone, River Blocking Stone and Xiaping River Stone.
Shandong: Long Island Pebble, Laoshan Greenstone, Jinan Greenstone, Bamboo Leaf Stone, Taihuangshi, Gushan Pebble, Zishi, Meishan Stone and Zibo aragonite.
Fujian: Jiulongbi
Zhejiang: brocade stone, beryl
Jiangxi: Lushan chrysanthemum stone
Jiangsu: Yuhua Stone and Qixia Stone
Anhui: Rare Stone, Wenjing Stone, Anhui Purple Stone.
Yunnan: Longquan Stone, Qiaoning Stone
Hebei: Quyang Xuelang Stone, Laishui Moire Stone, Taihang Leopard Skin Stone.
Beijing: Yanshan Jinggu Stone, Beijing Chenxingshi, Jinhai Pebble, Fangshan Qingshi and Jumahe Stone.
Inner Mongolia: grape agate, Bahrain stone and Gobi stone.
Henan: Heluo Stone and Songshan Stone Painting
Northeast China: turquoise, glazed rock jade
Shaanxi: Hanjiang stone
Gansu: Xixia Fengli Stone and Lanzhou Stone
Ningxia: Yellow River Stone, Ningxia Agate Stone and Helan Stone.
Xinjiang: a strange stone in the desert
Qinghai: Heyuan Yellow River Stone, Qinghai Madan Stone, Yushu Colored Stone, Qinghai Chenxing Stone and Qinghai Taohua Stone.
Sichuan: Luzhou hollow stone, Fujiang stone, Suijiang pebble, Qingyijiang pebble, Luzhou colored stone, Luzhou embossed stone, foam stone and Yangtze chlorite.
Chongqing: Kuimen Melaleuca Stone, Gulong Stone and Chongqing Flower Egg
Guizhou: Guizhou bluestone and Wujiang stone.
Taiwan Province Province: tortoise shell stone, Taitung plum blossom jade, Yuluoxi stone, chlorite, Taitung watermelon stone, Taitung black stone, Penghu black stone, nail stone, Taiwan Province rose stone, Penghu basalt rock, Kansai black stone, Yilan stone, Kansai pear skin stone, Hualien golden melon stone, Puli black gall stone, Kaohsiung sand stone, Puli iron pill stone, Nantou tortoise shell stone, Nantou iron pill stone.
Southeast Asia: Indonesia Blackstone, Indonesia Ruby, Indonesia Relief Stone, Indonesia Lithocarpus, Indonesia Black nacrite, Indonesia Tortoise, Indonesia Badong Stone.
United States: Canadian chrysanthemum stone, Canadian stone species, American stone species
Mineral crystals: white iron ore crystals, azurite, agate, lepidolite and ammonite.