the method of changing the shape of the inventive technique of small inventions
Round watermelons are easy to be bruised by rolling and inconvenient to transport. So, after repeated research, scientists cultivated a square watermelon. It is much more convenient to load and transport.
Look at some existing articles and methods in a different way: change the shape of the existing articles, change the manufacturing process, and change the structure of the articles, such as changing the original square to round, changing the straight to curved, changing the red to blue, and changing the odorless to fragrant ... You may find it more convenient than the original. This invention technique is called morphological change.
Transplanting the technique of creating small inventions
Transplanting the known principles, existing objects or methods into your own inventions to get a new invention. This method is called transplanting. This kind of technical transplantation is an important way of invention and creation.
The solar energy of inflatable solar cookers is very attractive to people, but the current solar cookers are expensive, complicated in technology, heavy (about 5kg), and troublesome to adjust, which makes it inconvenient to carry them in field work and travel. On the basis of investigation and study, the main direction is defined: simplifying the manufacturing process of solar cooker, reducing weight, reducing material consumption, reducing cost and obtaining maximum power. They first bonded the edges of two circular plastic films, inflated them and expanded them into a paraboloid, and then stuck vacuum aluminized polyester adhesive sheets on the reflective surface. Inflate air inward with a pump to change the gas pressure inside. With the amount of inflation, the upper transparent film bulges upward and the reflective surface is concave downward, which can achieve the purpose of automatically converging and reflecting light. This soleplate-free inflatable solar cooker weighs only 4 kilograms, and is easy to disassemble and carry. In fact, the invention is the result of various transplants: they transplanted the technology of inflatable toys, the self-adhesive patches of daily commodity trademarks and the parabolic structure like convex lens to the new solar cooker, and they transplanted the knowledge of optics and hydrodynamics in textbooks to the design of the solar cooker, thus successfully completing the small invention.
candle is a kind of lighting tool commonly used by people, but the candle flame is afraid of the wind, the candle body is not easy to be fixed, and the brightness cannot be controlled. How to improve these shortcomings? He first considered fixing the candle body and preventing wind. He inserted the candle in an iron cylinder and covered it with a glass cover. He thought of the fixing method of bayonet light bulb, borrowed it from the candle lamp, and installed a spring to keep the candle flame in the best center of the lampshade.
how to make a candle not cry? To solve this problem, it is necessary to continuously reduce the temperature at the top of the candle, so that the heat can be conducted and radiated to the surrounding areas. There are metal fins in front of the engine of the car. Can we also learn from the candle lamp? He drilled a big hole in the metal box of moisturizing balsam, cut the cut heat sink into the shape of a fan, punched the same big hole in the center, and welded the cut heat sink to the box (the big holes of the two should be aligned).
how to control the brightness of candle flame? Inspired by the air valve of the gas stove, he used two inner and outer sleeves with louvers to trap together (the inner ring used an iron box under the heat sink and the outer ring used a plastic ring made separately), and controlled the air flow by rotating the valve, thus realizing the desire to adjust the brightness of the candle flame. This invention can be said to be a combination of two grafted trees. The lampshade is from kerosene lamps, the fixing method is from bayonet bulbs, and the heat sink is from cars.
From this, it can be seen that transplantation is a meaningful idea of invention, and students can make quite good inventions if they master it well.
The key to applying transplantation method is to broaden knowledge, understand some new technologies, and often analyze the principle and function of some articles or a certain structure. In this way, there is more information available for transplantation in your brain, and you can use it easily when you make small inventions.
Association method of small invention creation technique
Association is a scientific and rich imagination process, which is to think of the appearance, words or actions of one thing from another. For example, when you see strong-willed people, you think of steel, and when you see fierce people, you think of wolves.
when you study an object of invention, you can connect what you already know or have seen with the object of study, compare it, get inspiration from it, or imitate and learn from a certain technology, so as to open your mind and create something new. This method of small invention is called association method.
One day, dorri, a student from Wuhan, went to her aunt's house and saw her busy embroidering. When I saw my aunt embroidering, I always tied the needle point down first, straightened the embroidery thread, then turned my wrist so that the needle point was up, and then tied it up, so my hand kept moving back and forth. Dorri asked her aunt, "Isn't it tiring to flip up and down like this?" My aunt said, "Tired. Embroidering flowers for a day makes my wrist sore and painful! " Dorri looked at her aunt's tiredness, and wondered if she could improve this traditional embroidery method.
Another day, dorri saw a fisherman weaving a net on TV. The fisherman came straight through with two sharp shuttles, and he finished weaving the net without turning his wrist. Dorri immediately thought: wouldn't it solve the problem of turning the wrist by making the embroidery needle look like a netting shuttle with a pointed end and an opening in the middle? So, he asked his uncle who worked in the machinery factory to make an embroidery needle with sharp ends at both ends and moved the needle nose to the middle of the needle. When my aunt tried, it was really labor-saving, and my wrist was no longer sore. Moreover, because the action of flipping my wrist was eliminated, the efficiency was improved. This little invention won the first prize in the 4th National Youth Invention Competition.
Students are required to look more, think more and put more things in their minds for association by using association method. Sometimes it may be just a sentence, a story or a game, which will inspire your invention.
combination method of small inventions
If you carefully observe and think, you can find that many things around you are made up of two or more objects. For example, a pencil with an eraser is a combination of an eraser and a pencil, and an electric kettle is a combination of an electric heater and a cooking pot. A watch with a calendar, a desk calendar stand with a thermometer, a pen with a ballpoint pen, etc. are all new things that are combined by two things. In this way, the invention method of combining two or more existing articles or parts skillfully to form new and better articles is called combination method.
combinations can be divided into close combinations and distant combinations.
consanguineous combination means that the things to be combined are originally "family" or "immediate relatives", and they often "touch" together. Although they have different functions, they are closely related to each other. Then, they can be "fixed" together to form an organic whole.
The steelyard, a traditional measuring tool, has been used for more than a thousand years. However, because its beam and weight are two separate parts, it is very inconvenient to carry, especially some people use the way of changing the weight to cheat people, which makes consumers suffer greatly. Therefore, Zhang Pengcheng, a student from Sichuan, improved the traditional steelyard. He slotted the steelyard, made the weight into a strip, and riveted the two together through a joint, so that they could not be separated, and then engraved the code. When not in use, the weight can be embedded in the groove of the steelyard, which is not only convenient to carry, but also can prevent fraud and help safeguard the interests of consumers.
this small invention named "coded steelyard" won the first prize in the 5th National Youth Invention Competition. Its success lies in the ingenious integration of the two inseparable parts, namely, the weighing beam and the weight, which revolutionized the traditional weighing scale and was an example of the successful application of close relationship combination.
Many students like to use aluminum lunch boxes to buy or bring food, but this kind of lunch box is very inconvenient to hold food. Can you combine the box cover with the box body to make a "meal box"? First of all, you can deepen the lid of the ordinary lunch box so that it can hold vegetables. Secondly, the box cover and the box body are connected by hinges. When buying rice, the box cover is opened, the box body is filled with rice, and the box cover is filled with vegetables, which can be held by one hand, especially when the lunch box is placed without a table.
Sometimes two things are not "relatives" or even have no connection at all, but when they are skillfully combined, new functions are added and new things appear, which is the distant combination. For example, an umbrella is a common rain gear and a flashlight is a lighting appliance. The two are irrelevant, but when they are combined together, they can not only shelter from the rain, but also illuminate the road, killing two birds with one stone. Some people draw the constellation map on the inside of the umbrella, so it's wonderful to observe the starry sky and increase astronomical knowledge while holding an umbrella!
One of the creative techniques of small inventions is the enlargement and increase method and the reduction and ellipsis method of the creative techniques of small inventions
The words in books and newspapers are too small for the elderly to read, so they can read them with the help of a magnifying glass. The function of a magnifying glass is to "enlarge" the words.
The original TV screen was small and it was laborious to watch TV programs, so large-screen color TVs came out one after another. This is to "expand" the area of the screen and the volume of the TV.
Many people like to watch Go, but the chessboard is too small to watch the game like basketball. Therefore, the area of the chessboard and the size of the chess pieces are "expanded" to make a large chessboard hanging on the wall to demonstrate the game, so that chess fans can feast their eyes.
Umbrella is a tool commonly used by people to keep out the rain and the sun. Some people have expanded and expanded its area, turning it into a big umbrella used by street vendors and a sun umbrella enjoyed by tourists in open-air beaches, which has found new uses for umbrellas. Look, "one expansion" and "one plus one" will also become wonderful and will lead to quite good inventions. When you enlarge an object by enlarging its area, sound, distance, time, length, height, number and ingredients, the function and use of the object may change substantially. This small invention technique of "expanding one" and "adding one" is called the method of expanding and increasing.
There are too many. You can find many online if you are willing to find them.
I wish you success.