City Introduction
After the South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project was confirmed, Danjiangkou City in Hubei Province became a veritable "Water City of China".
Danjiangkou City, with a history of more than 2,000 years, was called Junling in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods. The Qin Dynasty destroyed the Chu State and established the county of Wudang. The Han Dynasty inherited the Qin system, and was renamed Junzhou in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. It was also called Junzhou in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. An important town; in the early years of the Republic of China, it was changed from a prefecture to a county; in 1983, it was changed to Danjiangkou City. It is a place with outstanding people, a gathering of humanities, and sages. Historical celebrities such as Chen Tuan, Su Che, and Xu Xiake came here to write poems and articles, adding luster to the ancient Junzhou culture.
Asia's largest artificial freshwater lake, the Danjiangkou Reservoir with a storage capacity of 29 billion cubic meters, is vast, blue, and shaped like emerald. It is the source of water diversion for the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project that has attracted worldwide attention.
Danjiangkou City is the birthplace of Wudang culture. Wudang Mountain within the territory is a famous Taoist holy land in my country. The large-scale ancient building complex is listed in the World Cultural Heritage List and is a national scenic spot. Wudang Martial Arts is world-renowned. There are also the nationally famous "living fossil of folk culture" - Wujiagou Story Village, and the number one Han folk song village in China - Lujiahe Folk Song Village. The popularity and long cultural history of the water diversion source of the South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project have promoted the vigorous development of the tourism economy. Danjiangkou City has begun to cultivate Danjiangkou Reservoir and Wudang Mountain as famous brands and develop eco-tourism areas and holiday leisure areas with local characteristics.
Danjiangkou City has a strong industrial foundation. She is an important production supporting base of Dongfeng Company and the undertaking point of Dongfeng Company's eastward expansion strategy. It has more than 20 auto parts manufacturing companies and has initially formed two centers of cold rolling and hot rolling. Danjiangkou City's "four major and one new" industries continue to grow. A number of new companies such as Aluminum Company, Nongfu Spring, Xibao Steel Core Aluminum, Danrui Carbon Company, and Danchuan Company are growing, and the potential for the development of the industrial base continues to increase.
Danjiangkou City has an excellent ecological environment. Danjiangkou has lush trees and green mountains, with a forest coverage rate of 39.3%. In recent years, the city has vigorously implemented the ecological city strategy and extensively converted farmland into forests and planted trees. By 2010, it strives to increase the forest coverage rate to 50% %. The green coverage rate of Danjiangkou urban area is 40.5%, and the per capita public green space is 14.86 square meters. It has won the title of National Green City. The Danjiangkou Reservoir has a water surface of 1.12 million acres, with excellent water quality, pure and pollution-free, and a dazzling array of unique aquatic products. The meat of fish such as bream, bream, carp, crucian carp, mandarin fish, and whitebait is delicious and is a delicacy on the banquet. Danjiangkou Hydropower Station has an installed capacity of 1.05 million kilowatts and an average annual power generation of 5 billion kilowatt-hours. The rich hydropower resources have created conditions for industrial development within the territory. Today, Danjiangkou City has formed a political consciousness, striving to turn resource advantages into economic advantages, and strive to build the country's largest drinking water base, Hubei's important aluminum industry base, auto parts base and high-quality agricultural products base.
Danjiangkou City is rich in natural resources. This is the northernmost high-quality citrus production base in my country, with an annual output of 150 million kilograms. Danjiang citrus has been rated as "Chinese Famous Fruit" by the country. Agricultural products such as tea, fungus, and mushrooms are well-known throughout the country, and their development and utilization prospects are very broad. "Wudang Green Feather", "Wudang Needle Tea" and "Wudang Sword Tea" have been rated as high-quality tea by the Ministry of Agriculture and Hubei Province. Among them, "Wudang Zhenjing" is a famous trademark in Hubei Province and has been certified as organic (ecological) food by the European Union. There are more than 40 proven mineral deposits in Danjiangkou, among which the reserves of ferro-titanium and vanadium rank first in Hubei Province. Non-metallic minerals include dolomite, limestone, electrolyte, marble, asbestos, etc. that are available for investment and development. There are more than 1,100 varieties of real estate Chinese medicinal materials in Danjiangkou. Wudang Mountain in the territory is known as the "natural medicine storehouse" and is rich in precious traditional Chinese medicines Gastrodia elata, Ganoderma lucidum, Jinchai and Polygonum multiflorum, which are called the four treasures of Wudang.
Danjiangkou City has developed transportation and communications, with a combined water, land and air transportation network extending in all directions. The Xiangyu Railway, Hanshi Highway and Hanshi Expressway run through the entire territory, and National Highway 316 runs through five towns; The Danjiang Railway directly leads to Wuhan, and the Han River Channel leads directly to Wuhan, Shanghai and other ports; Wudangshan Airport and Xiangfan Airport are 26 kilometers and 108 kilometers away from the urban area respectively. Mobile communications and information transmission are convenient and fast, the industrial foundation is good, the city has complete functions, and the infrastructure is complete.
The pure water and juice beverage production base invested and constructed by Nongfu Spring Co., Ltd., a nationally renowned enterprise, in Danjiangkou has been completed and put into operation; related projects of EPlC and JLF companies in the United States have been settled in Danjiangkou and put into operation; the construction of a bridge across the Han River for the middle line of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project will make The urban areas on the right and left banks of Danjiangkou are connected into one. In addition, the Jingle Palace, the first of the eight palaces in Wudang Mountain, which is being restored, has enriched the tourist routes, and a series of buildings such as the South-to-North Water Diversion Memorial Tower and the Observation Deck will rise from the ground.
Danjiangkou City is determined to seize the opportunity of the South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project, and has put forward the overall goal of building an "ecological city, a strong economic city, a famous tourist city, and a civilized city", and mobilizes the city's efforts to serve the South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project. Expand investment, pioneer and innovate, develop Danjiangkou economy, and strive to build China's water capital - Danjiangkou.
Historical evolution
Danjiangkou City is a county-level city established on the basis of Yuanjun County with the approval of the State Council on August 19, 1983. It is located in northwest Hubei, in the upper reaches of the Han River. It borders Laohekou City to the east, Fang County to the south, Gucheng County to the southeast, Shiyan City to the west, Yun County to the northwest, and Xichuan County of Henan Province to the northeast. The urban area of ??Danjiangkou is 480 kilometers away from the provincial capital along the highway in the southeast and 110 kilometers along the highway in Shiyan City, where the Yunyang District Administrative Office is located, in the west. The city is 73 kilometers long from east to west and 81 kilometers long from north to south, with a total area of ??3111 square kilometers. The city has a population of 431,000, with 11 ethnic groups including Han, Hui, Manchu, Zhuang, Dong, Miao, Bai, Mongolian, Tujia and Buyi. The Han nationality accounts for 99.82% of the total population.
On March 21, 1948, Jun County was liberated. At that time, the population was 239,000, including 15,000 in the county seat. In 1959, due to the construction of Danjiang Dam, the county seat was moved to Danjiangkou. After nearly 30 years of construction, the urban area has reached 16 square kilometers, with 4 street offices, 20 neighborhood committees, 17 natural villages, and a population of 83,064 people.
As of the end of 1986, there were 108 industrial enterprises in the city with a total of 24,000 employees. Among them, there are 25 central and provincial enterprises with 14,700 employees. There are 14 industrial categories. Metallurgy, electric power, chemistry, machinery, building materials, food, textile, sewing, stationery industry and other major categories have formed industry advantages. Chemistry, machinery, building materials, food, etc. have become the four municipal industries. A big economic pillar. Danjiangkou City has now formed a regional industrial center city focusing on water conservancy project projects.
The education industry in Danjiangkou City is developing rapidly. In 1986, the city had 526 universities, middle schools and primary schools with more than 100,000 students. Among them, there are 4 higher and secondary schools affiliated to the Ministry of Water and Electric Power and the province, 1 secondary normal school, 3 ordinary high schools, 5 agricultural middle schools, 69 junior high schools, and 445 primary schools in the city, with 99.722 students enrolled. In addition, there are various adult schools, staff schools, TV universities, etc.
Danjiangkou City has a long history and prosperous culture. Tracing its history is beneficial to the city’s socialist spiritual civilization construction and governance.
Yin and Shang ~ Qing Dynasty (16th century BC ~ 1911 AD)
Xia, Shang and Zhou were under the jurisdiction of Yuzhou, adjacent to Yongzhou. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the genus belonged to the 麇. In the eleventh year of Duke Wen of Lu (616 BC), Chu Zi attacked the 麇, and the 麇 died and belonged to Chu. During the Warring States Period, it belonged to Han and Chu, and was called Junling.
In the 26th year of the First Emperor of Qin (221 BC), the country was divided into 36 counties. All the mausoleums were assigned to Wudang County and belonged to Nanyang County.
The two Han Dynasties followed the Qin system. The Three Kingdoms are Wei. In the 13th year of Jian'an (208 years), Cao Cao captured Jingzhou and divided it into Nanyang County, called Nanxiang County, which consisted of eight counties including Wudang. The chief executive of Wudang County was called the "County Chief Marquis" because he had less than 10,000 households. The official system was composed of Cheng, Wei (one person each), Cao, Fu, Shi (several people); the County Daoyi Marquis established a school, and the school set up a school There is one teacher, and the village is called Xiangju.
In November of the 10th year of Taikang (289), Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty (Sima Yan) changed Nanxiang County to Shunyang County, and Wudang belonged to Shunyang County. During the Yongjia Rebellion (310), people from Pingyang County on the left side of the Yangtze River settled here. Zengpingyang County and Wudang both belonged to Shiping County. The chief executive is the county magistrate, and his subordinates include: Zhu Bo Lu Shi Shi, Chief Office Shi, Xun Xing Gong Cao Shi Xiao Shi, Yan Fu Gong Cao Shi Xiao Shi, Shu Zuo Qian Hu Cao Fu Shi, Cang Thief Cao Fu Shi, Bing Cao Shi, A brief history of officials, a brief history of prisons, the chief of the prison gate pavilion, the chief of the capital pavilion, the thief arrester, etc. For counties with more than 1,000 households, there will be a township. For villages with more than 1,000 households, there will be a mistress. For households with less than 1,000 households, there will be a clerk. For 100 households, there will be a local official.
The Northern and Southern Dynasties had different reforms, and their history changed frequently. During the Song and Qi Dynasties (420~502), Shiping County was changed to Qixing County.
In the first year of Liang Taiqing's reign (547), Junyang County was established, and Gexing County was renamed Xingzhou, which governed Wudang, Pingyang and Junyang counties. The county has a magistrate, and his subordinate is the captain. In the first year of the Western Wei Dynasty (552) when the emperor was deposed, Pingyang was transferred to Wudang, and Xingzhou was renamed Fengzhou (named after Fengzhou City).
In the third year of Emperor Kaihuang’s reign in the Sui Dynasty (583), Fengzhou was dismissed from the county. In the fifth year (585), Fengzhou was changed to Junzhou (named for Junshui). At the beginning of Daye (605), the state was abolished and Xiyang County was established. In the second year of Yining (618), Xiyang County was cut off and Wudang County was established. The original Wudang, Junyang, and newly added Pingling counties were all under its jurisdiction. The county has a prefect, and its subordinates include: Zanwu, Dongxi Caoyu, Zhubo, Sigong, Canghu, Military Art, Shi, Cao, etc. County magistrates, subordinates: Cheng, Wei, Zhengguangchu Gongcao, Guangchu Zhubo, Zhubo Xicao, Jinhu, military art, scholars, etc.
In the first year of Wude in the Tang Dynasty (618), Wudang County was changed to Junzhou. In the seventh year (624), the province was Pingling. In the eighth year (625), Junyang was transferred to Wudang. In the same year, Yunzhou under the jurisdiction of Fengzhou was ceded. It belongs to the three counties of Xiang, Duyang and Anfu. There is a governor in the state, and his subordinates are: Biejia, Changshi, Sima, Director of Military Affairs, Military Affairs, Military Affairs, Military Affairs, Military Affairs, Military Affairs, Military Affairs, Medical Doctor wait. The county has a county magistrate, with subordinates: Shang Cheng, Zhu Bo, and Captain. In the first year of Zhenguan (627), Duyang and Anfu counties in Junzhou Province were abolished and replaced by Wudang, Yunxiang and Fengli. In the first year of Tianbao (742), Junzhou was renamed Wudang County. In the first year of Qianyuan (758), Wudang County in the province was named Junzhou. In the fifth year of Zhenyuan (789), Jun and Fang prefectures were placed under Shannan East Road. In the second year of Tianyou (905), Wu Dingjun came to rule and was abolished in three years.
In the Song Dynasty (960), Wudang County was established in Junzhou, under the jurisdiction of Jingxinxi Road, and led to Wudang and Yunxiang counties. In the first year of Xuanhe (1119), he was promoted to the military governor of Wudang. Prefectures and counties have magistrates, and they have subordinates such as general judge, military supervisor, recorder and military officer, Hu Cao and military officer, judicial officer and military officer, manager and general officer, and so on. The county has a county magistrate, with subordinates: county magistrate, chief secretary, lieutenant, patrol inspector, etc. Wudang County has eight townships.
In the 13th year of Emperor Kublai Khan's reign in the Yuan Dynasty (1276), he made a southern expedition and set up a county waste army, and the provincial Wudang army became a Junzhou. In the early Yuan Dynasty (1279), it belonged to Xuanwei Division of Hubei Province, and later to Xiangyang Road, and led Wudang and Yunxiang counties. The prefecture has a magistrate, and his subordinates are: tongzhizheng, judge, counselor, official, and prosecution record. The county has a county magistrate, and its subordinates are: Darugaqi, Yin, Cheng, Bo, Wei, Dianshi, Zhizheng, Tuanjian, etc.
In the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1369), Wudang County was abolished and moved into Junzhou, with jurisdiction over Yunxiang and Shangjin. At the beginning of Chenghua (1465), the prefecture was under the jurisdiction of Xiangyang Prefecture. Since then, all prefectures have no collar counties, and they have been reduced from Zhili Prefecture to scattered prefectures.
The state agency is the administrative agency of a state. Let a prefect be appointed as the chief executive of a state. The official is an assistant to the governor of the state, responsible for receiving documents or taking charge of state affairs. One person, Xuezheng, is in charge of state cultural and educational affairs. Disciple one person, serve as assistant to Xuezheng, and assist in cultural and educational affairs. There is one patrol officer whose main responsibility is to suppress people's resistance.
The state has the State Department, the Academic Affairs Department, the Discipline Department, the Personnel Department, and the Inspection Department (with the Black Tiger Temple). There are six rooms in the official garden: the official room is in charge of personnel and part of government affairs; the ceremonial room is in charge of etiquette, sacrifices, and tributes; the household room is in charge of land, household registration, taxation, and financial revenue and expenditure; the military room is in charge of military affairs, weapons, and military discipline ; the prison chamber that administers justice, arrests thieves, and performs prison ceremonies; the workshop that manages agricultural mulberry production and farmland water conservancy facilities. The Binmu is responsible for the specific work of documents, bookkeeping, archives and other matters for the Zhizhou's entourage.
There are three classes of yamen servants: the "Zhuang class" who stands guard when the magistrate is promoted to court; the "Quick class" who specializes in catching thieves; and the "Zao class" who serves as guards.
There is a li under the state, and a is under the li. Each li has jurisdiction over 10 families, and each li has jurisdiction over 10 households. Li is placed in Lizheng (Li is long), and Jia is placed in Jia, which is long. There are 110 households in one mile. In Yili Middle School, wealthy households are elected as the head of the district, and they are replaced every 10 years. Lijia is the grassroots administrative organization and the collection unit that pays land tax and corvee. Lijia was responsible for three major corvee services: local corvee, general corvee, and equal corvee, as well as sacrifices, construction, gifts, and other expenses. Among the 110 households, 10 households with more grains are appointed as district chiefs. For the remaining 100 households, a household register with Dingliang was compiled and named "Yellow List". The households that fled were filled in by the remaining households in Juntan. Chapter 5 of the first edition of Hongwu in Junzhou, and supplement 21 of the tenth year of Hongzhi (1497).
Junzhou Brick City was built by Li Chun, the deputy governor of Qianhu, in the fifth year of Hongwu (1372). It is 6 miles, 153 steps and 2 feet around, 2.5 feet high and 1.2 feet wide. The trench is 3 feet deep and 6 feet wide. There are 4 gates: Dadongmen, Xiaodongmen, North Gate and South Gate. (The West Gate and Shangshui Gate were built later).
Qing Chengming system.
The administrative agencies and structures of the state include: State Department, Xuezheng Department, Discipline Department, Officials Department, Inspection and Inspection Department (in the Black Tiger Temple, it was eliminated in the twelfth year of Shunzhi and added in the fourth year of Guangxu), General Staff Department, and Garrison Department. , Qian General Administration, Ba General Administration, Chief Administrative Affairs Branch Office, Public Security Bureau Branch Office, Central Affairs Bureau, Fu Guan, Prefectural Judges Office (diminished in the 16th year of Shunzhi), Guangjicang Embassy, ??Junyang Shuiyi Cheng Department (abolished for a long time), Jieshan Majiyi Cheng Department (abolished for a long time), Yin Yang Science, Medicine, Sengzhengsi, Daozhengsi, Yangjiyuan, Tuition and Tuition Bureau (established in the first year of Guangxu), Ordnance Bureau, Gunpowder Bureau, armory, large school field, small school field, martial arts hall.
Climate conditions
Our city belongs to the subtropical semi-humid monsoon climate zone. Due to the barrier effect of the Qinling Mountains, coupled with the water benefits of the Danjiangkou Reservoir and the impact of vertical landforms, our city has superior The mountain regional microclimate. The basic characteristics are "distinct four seasons, sufficient sunlight, abundant heat, rain and heat in the same season, long frost-free period, and high relative humidity" etc. The city's annual average temperature is 7.7°C - 16°C, the active accumulated temperature >10°C is 2200°C - 5100°C, the frost-free period is 180 - 250 days, the city's sunshine hours are 1950 hours, and the annual average sunshine rate The annual rainfall is 750MM-900MM, mostly concentrated in July, August and September, and the annual evaporation is 1979.1MM.
According to the observation records of the meteorological department: for every 100 meters of elevation, the average temperature decreases by 0.5, the active accumulated temperature >10°C decreases by 189°C, the summer shortens by 10 days, the annual precipitation increases by 25MM, and the frost-free period decreases 6 days, so our city has obvious three-dimensional climate characteristics.
Natural resources
Biology
1. Crop variety resources
There are 18 families, 49 genera, and 575 crop varieties in the city. A variety (line). Among them, there are 507 grain crop varieties (lines); 21 cotton varieties; 18 oil crops; 4 peanuts; 7 soybeans; and 12 green manures. These varieties (lines) have played a role in increasing production in different historical periods.
2. Specialty crop variety resources
Specialty crop variety resources, including oils, silk, tea, tobacco, fruits, edible fungi, fibers and lacquers More than 160 varieties.
3. Resources of natural enemies of crop diseases and insect pests
There are 388 kinds of pests in 12 categories and 65 kinds of crops in the city, 14 of which are quarantine objects, and 34 common pests that harm crops. kind. At the same time, a general survey of 388 natural enemy resources of pests in the city found 31 types. Among them, wheat species include wheat aphid braconid wasps, hoverflies, heterochromatic ladybugs, etc.; rice species include 11 species such as fly nymphs, braconid wasps, and elongated spiders. ; In corn, there are 6 species including Trichogramma and Chinese lacewing; in cotton, there are 7 species including golden wasp and big gray aphid.
4. Forest resources
There are 79 families, 206 genera, and 403 species of woody seed plants in the city. There are 435 ancient and valuable trees in 24 families, 33 genera, 46 species and 435 trees in Wudang Mountain area.
At the end of 1987, the city's total standing stock volume was 1,327,547 cubic meters, including 1,264,622 cubic meters in woodland, 30,580 cubic meters in sparse woodland, and 32,345 meters in scattered wood; the per capita stock volume was 3.03 cubic meters.
Rare tree species include ginkgo, goosefoot, Bashan pine, horse chestnut, hemlock, metasequoia, elm, whitebark pine, golden iron pine, cryptomeria, etc.
Looking at the current situation of the city's forestry resources, it is actually a low-yield forest with irregular forest species, chaotic tree species, low forest production capacity, low economic benefits, and very fragile ecological functions. We are still in an abnormal period in which consumption outweighs growth. Therefore, it will be difficult to form a large commodity production advantage in the near future.
5. Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources
There are 820 kinds of medicinal materials in the city, belonging to 226 families. Among them, there are 723 kinds of plant medicinal materials and 97 kinds of animal and mineral medicinal materials.
6. Pasture and livestock and poultry breed resources
There are 51 species in 16 families in the city. Among them, grasses occupy a dominant position, with a total area of ??2,366,349 acres (including forest grassland area), and the annual fresh grass output is approximately 1.116 billion kilograms.
Excellent local livestock and poultry species include local black pigs, local oxen, Yunyang white goats, white-feathered black-bone chickens, local shelducks, local grass geese, local white geese, and hemp geese.
7. Aquatic animal resources
(1) Fish resources
There are 61 species of fish distributed in the city, including 5 orders, 10 families. Among them, there are 42 species of Cyprinidae, accounting for 71%. The main economic fish include more than 20 species of green, grass, silver carp, bream, carp, crucian carp, bream, catfish, etc.; rare fish include silver swim bladder, longnose, eel, bream, eel, etc. The meat quality is excellent and the economic value is high.
(2) Other aquatic animal resources
The number of zooplankton in the Han River is 15,026 per liter. Among them, 14,000 protozoa/liter, 250 rotifers/liter; 8 pods and scolexids/liter; 18 nematodes/liter, 250 worms and other insect tips/liter, and other rotifers Class 500/liter.
Benthic biomass is 400 individuals/square meter. Common ones include larvae of Chironomidae, Nymphidae, and Gryptonidae.
8. Precious and rare wild animal resources
Precious animals include: second-class protected animals forest musk deer (scented deer), mandarin duck, and giant salamander. The three categories of protected animals include small civets, big civets, golden pheasants, etc. Wild fur mammal resources: mainly include wolves, foxes, weasels, badgers, pig badgers, otters, muntjacs, wild boars, rock squirrels, etc.
Minerals
1. Mineral geological conditions
The geological distribution of our city belongs to the Kunlun Qinling Region, Wudang Mountain and Liangyun Community. The strata of the Wudang Mountain community south of the Han River belong to the Archaean strata, the Holocene and Quaternary Cenozoic strata, and are distributed in the flood plains of the Han River tributaries and have been submerged by the Danjiang Reservoir. The strata of the Liangyun community north of the Han River belong to the Paleozoic Sinian System, the Paleozoic Cambrian System, and the Cenozoic Tertiary System. From the overall stratigraphic point of view, there are Archean, Cambrian of Paleozoic and Tertiary of Cenozoic. The strata are relatively simple. There is a huge difference in stratigraphic age. It lacks the Ordovician and Silurian systems of the Early Han Paleozoic, the most active period of the earth's crust; the Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian systems of the late Paleozoic; and the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous strata of the middle Paleozoic. Basically belongs to ancient strata. Therefore, metal minerals are poor and silicate minerals are abundant.
2. Distribution and characteristics of mineral resources
According to information provided by the geological department and relevant local units, there are 35 kinds of minerals in the city. Among them: 6 kinds of metallic minerals and 29 kinds of non-metallic minerals. The amount of minerals accounts for 31.8% of the province’s 110 types. There are 19 species with proven reserves, accounting for 24.7% of the 77 species in the province. Among the 35 mineral species, 9 species are distributed in "Jiangnan" and 26 species are distributed in "Jiangbei".
In "Jiangnan", the oxidized copper mine in Tongjiashan in Dingjiaying and the nickel mine in Sifangshan in Tangwan have been explored, but no geological work has been done due to low grade. Exploration has included 8 non-metallic minerals including calcium carbide, albite, high alumina, granite, diabase, sericite, black clay, halloysite and Tuguanya Yin Tongshan vanadium titanium magnetite,* **9 types, accounting for 25.7% of the city’s mineral types.
"Jiangbei" has vanadium, vein gold, placer gold, copper, magnet and other metal ores as well as stone coal, limestone, dolomite, illite, quartzite, gypsum, kaolin, marble, shale, orchid. Asbestos, talc, crystal, chalk, quartz sand, iceberg, lapis lazuli, vanadium, flint, aragonite, calcite, mineral water and other non-metallic minerals, there are 26 kinds, accounting for 74.3% of the city's minerals .
The minerals with proven reserves can be divided into four categories according to their geographical distribution and degree of guarantee to the national economy:
(1) "Jiangbei" Paleozoic Sinian, The two Cambrian formations contain abundant limestone, dolomite, marble, and vanadium associated with stone coal. The reserves are abundant, the quality is good, and the deposits are stable, which is a strong guarantee for the development of metallurgy and building materials.
(2) Metallic ores and some non-metallic ores other than vanadium pentoxide and vanadium-titanium magnets. Although there are many types of minerals, the deposits are unstable and look like a chicken coop. They are not suitable for large-scale production. Mass small-scale mining.
(3) Tuguanya Yintongshan vanadium-titanium magnetite is an associated iron-vanadium ore and asbestos-derived mineral deposit with large reserves and low grade. According to relevant information, the mine can be used as a backup mine for Wuhan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd.
(4) For high alumina, halloysite and 16 other minerals, geological work still needs to be done to evaluate the grade and reserves to meet the needs of industrial development.
3. Review of Key Mineral Resources
(1) Metal Ore
1. Yintongshan Vanadium-Titanium Magnetite in Tuguanya Township, south of " Hanshi" highway is 5 kilometers away and the transportation is convenient.
The mine has proven C-grade reserves of 120 million tons, D-grade reserves of 630 million tons, and associated minerals of titanium dioxide of 41.82 million tons and titanium pentoxide of 850,000 tons. The grade is low but the reserves are large, the selectivity is good, and it is suitable for open-pit mining.
2. Yangjiabao Vanadium Mine is 13 kilometers south of Xijiadian Town and connected to the "Dan-Yun" Highway, so the transportation is relatively convenient. The mine is a multi-element mine associated with stone coal. Two mining areas A and B have been proven, with stone coal reserves of 107 million tons, including 852,200 tons of associated vanadium pentoxide, 21,400 tons of calcium, 7,490 tons of yttrium, 21,400 tons of zinc, and molybdenum. 3210 tons, chromium 53500 tons, arsenic 3210 tons, aluminum 5350 tons, cobalt 1070 tons, barium 2140 tons, strontium 107000 tons, tin 10700 tons, titanium 321000 tons, milling 10700 tons, ytterbium 749 tons, nickel 10700 tons, copper 5350 tons , 2000 tons of sodium*** 18 kinds, suitable for comprehensive development.
(2) Non-metallic minerals
In terms of silicate minerals, 28 types have been discovered by *** exploration, of which 16 types have reserves, accounting for 57.1%. Among the silicate mineral resources, the mineral deposits are stable, of good quality, large in reserves, and widely used. Limestone and dolomite minerals are easy to mine. Other mineral types are mostly chicken nest-shaped deposits and cannot guarantee production. There are seven mineral sites in the limestone mine, two types of deposits with different stratigraphic ages. The Huachagou limestone mine on Danzhao Road belongs to the third sedimentary type, with reserves of about 7,000 tons and calcium oxide content of about 47%. It can be mainly used as building blocks, fired lime and ordinary Portland cement. The other six limestone mines are all Cambrian crystalline limestone deposits with stable deposits, abundant reserves and good quality. Its calcium oxide content is around 53%. Liangshuihe Town Limestone Mine has reserves of about 40 million tons, with a calcium oxide content of 53.49% and a magnesium oxide content of 0.76%. The calcium oxide content of the Xiaohekou limestone mine in this town is 53.98%; the magnesium oxide content is 0.41%. It is a first-class ore and is a raw material for the production of high-grade cement, smelting calcium carbide, calcium carbonate, and lime. The mine has convenient transportation, 20 kilometers away from Danjiang, and the "Dan-Yun" highway passes through the mining area.
The dolomite mine has a total of five mineral sites with a total reserve of 100 million tons. Its mines are distributed in Yangshan, Sanchakou, Liulin, Bawangzhai, Yawu and other places. Sanchakou ore in Liangshuihe Town has the best quality, with an average content of two active ingredients, calcium oxide and magnesium oxide, reaching 51.46%, exceeding the ministry’s standard of greater than 49%. Acid-insoluble matter (including silica, aluminum oxide, ferric oxide , dimanganese tetroxide) content is 1.89%, which is lower than the ministry’s standard of less than 4%, and it is an all-round special-grade ore. The ore is a good raw material for the development of building materials. It can also produce refractory materials (flux for smelting steel and iron), refine magnesium metal (an ingredient for refining glass and ceramics) and mixed fertilizers.
Water
In general, the city's water resources situation is less self-produced water, more transit water, and large water capacity. The city's self-produced water is about 1 billion cubic meters, with an average water production of 320,000 cubic meters per square kilometer, which is 39.6% lower than the provincial average of 530,000 cubic meters and 14.3% higher than the national average of 280,000 cubic meters; the per capita water volume is about 2,400 cubic meters, 14.6% higher than the provincial average of 2,094 cubic meters, and 9% lower than the national average of 2,637 cubic meters; the average water volume per mu of cultivated land is about 2,500 cubic meters, 41.6% higher than the provincial average of 1,705 cubic meters and the national average 36.9% of 1826 cubic meters. Judging from the above three control indicators, the number of resources in our city is at a medium level.
Our city’s water resources are about 27.546 billion cubic meters, most of which are brought by the Han and Dan rivers. Together with local surface runoff resources, our city’s river runoff resources are 28.512 billion cubic meters. The water quality in the city is good, with low salinity, moderate pH and total hardness, and the main ion content in the water body is generally within the normal range. The main river bed has a large drop, the total water energy reserve is 55,000 kilowatts, and the developable capacity is about 20,000 kilowatts. , currently only 16.5% has been developed, with great potential for further development.
Land
Of the city’s total land area of ??4.6815 million acres, as of the end of 1997, the land area was 3.9223 million acres, and the water area (including Danjiang Reservoir water surface, beaches, The water level area) is 759,200 acres, accounting for 83.8% and 16.2% of the total area respectively; it is basically a surface structure of "eight points are land and two points are water".
In the land area: 3.4962 million acres of agricultural land such as cultivated land, garden land, woodland, pasture grassland, and asparagus grassland, and 202.1 million acres of non-agricultural land such as urban (market) towns, industry, transportation, commerce, residential areas, and ancient buildings. . There are 224,000 acres of barren hills, wasteland, gravel, and rock irrigation land. They account for 89.1%, 5.2% and 5.7% of the land area respectively; among agricultural land: 291,700 acres of cultivated land, 170,100 acres of citrus, hawthorn, navel orange, tea, various fruit and other garden lands, economic forests, timber forests, firewood forests, There are 2,422,400 acres of woodland such as various young forests, sparse forests and forestry nurseries, 612,000 acres of pastureland converted into grasslands and scattered grasslands, and 145,000 acres of asparagus grassland, accounting for 8.3%, 4.9%, 69.3%, and 69.3% of the agricultural land respectively. 17.5%, 4.1%; basically forestry is the main area, followed by pasture and grassland, and agricultural land is the least. The city’s forest coverage rate is 64.5%.
The proportion of water area in the city is relatively high in the province (the provincial average is 9.6%). Mainly due to the impact of Danjiang Reservoir. Of the 759,200 acres of water in the city, Danjiang Reservoir accounts for 520,000 acres, accounting for 68%. In the city's 20 township offices, the proportion of water areas is not consistent, and the disparity is large. Divided according to the proportion of water areas in the total area: less than 10% include Junzhou Road, Dam Office, Baiyangping, Dagou, Yanchi River, Guanshan, Tuguanya, Luodian, Haoping Township, Langhe, and Dingjia Eight including Ying Town; 10--20% of them are Sanguandian, Liuliping, Wudangshan and other three towns; 20--30% are Xijiadian and Liangshuihe towns; more than 31% are Danzhao Road office and 4 others including Xiaochuan, Niuhe, and Tutai Township.
Soil type:
Due to the natural geographical conditions of our city’s climate, parent rock, topography, hydrology, vegetation and other characteristics, as well as the construction of water conservancy, reform of farming system, and promotion of technical measures , leveling land, fertilizing land and other socio-economic conditions, the city’s soil census data shows: There are six soil types, 12 sub-categories, 39 soil genera, 106 Native species, one hundred and ninety-four varieties. Among them: yellow-brown loam soil has a large amount and is widely used; lime soil has a large amount and is mainly distributed in Jiangbei.
The impact of topography and landforms on soil formation: Topography and landforms directly affect the redistribution of parent material, the formation and distribution of soil, and also affect the changes in the biological zones of the pond climate.
Our city belongs to a strong uplift area that has increased significantly since the Cenozoic Era. The northwest-southeast trending Tongluozhai and Taibaiyan are consistent with the stratigraphic trend, and are mostly Qinling first-level strata. Jiangbei Province is part of the Indosinian fold system. The undulating mountains of various sizes, mainly Wudang Mountain, form a terrain with the southwest higher than the northwest, the southeast higher than the northeast and a slight tilt to the east. Below 500M are hills and plains, above 500M are low mountains, and above 1,000 meters there are few areas, only Wudang Mountain.
(1) Valleys on both sides of the Han River and its tributaries: a vast area with an altitude generally between 300M and 500M, covering an area of ??3,439,170.7 acres, accounting for 73.36% of the city’s total area, including 403,336.8 acres of cultivated land, accounting for the city’s cultivated land area 84.46%. Mountainous yellow-brown loamy soils mostly develop on slopes above 20 degrees; the slope sediments on the lower slopes are the main areas of yellow-brown soil in our city. There are two different types of soil, purple soil and lime soil; there are many flat rivers in the gentle areas, where surface water collects, the water and soil conditions are good, the soil layer is deep, the ability to retain water and fertilizer is strong, and the farming performance is good. It is the food of our city and the main producing areas of tangerines.
(2) The foothills of Wudang Mountain and the two high mountainous areas of Tongluozhai in Jiangbei: between 500 and 1200M above sea level. The area is 1,242,881 acres, accounting for 26.51% of the total soil area, of which the cultivated land area is 74,163.5 acres, accounting for 15.53% of the city's total cultivated land area. It is mostly dry land distributed around 30 degrees or on hillsides. As the terrain rises, the temperature decreases, the humidity increases, and the agricultural land decreases. As a result, the soil color becomes darker. In places with higher terrain and steeper slopes, it is severely washed away and the soil The layer is shallow and intercalated with gravel and unweathered rock fragments. The natural vegetation is mostly coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, which is the main production area of ??timber and economic forest in our city. The main crops include corn (corn), wheat, etc.
(3) Wudang Mountain Alpine Area: Wudang Mountain with an altitude above 1200M has an area of ??5942 acres, accounting for 0.13% of the total area, and 91 acres of cultivated land, accounting for 0.01% of the total area. Because the mountains are high and it rains a lot, the temperature is low.
The severe cold lasts for more than 227 days in winter, and spring and autumn are connected. The annual accumulated temperature >10°C is only about 3000°C. Plant residues cannot be completely decomposed, and organic matter accumulates more, but nutrients are not easily released, and there is basically no crop growth.
Especially the Wudang slopes, steep rocks, green mountains and forests, rich in plants, towering ancient trees, precious medicinal materials such as golden hairpin, gastrodia elata, Panax notoginseng, deer, monkeys, antelopes, leopards and rare salamanders. and other wildlife resources.