personal computer
In terms of hardware architecture, the PC market is currently divided into two camps, PC and Apple.
Operating systems they support:
1.Windows series operating system
Produced by Microsoft;
2.Unix class operating system
Such as SOLARIS and BSD series (FREEBSD, openbsd, netbsd, PCBSD);
3.Linux operating system
Such as UBUNTU, suse linux, fedora, etc.
4.Mac operating system
Apple (Darwin) production, generally installed on a MAC computer.
Maximum computer
The earliest operating system was developed for large-scale main structure in 1960s. Due to the huge investment in software of these systems, the original computer manufacturers continue to develop hardware and operating systems compatible with the original operating system. These early operating systems are pioneers of modern operating systems. Mainframe operating systems that are still supported include:
Burroughs MCP-B5000, 196 1 to Unisys Clearpath/MCP, exists.
IBM OS/360-IBM System/360, 1964 to IBM zSeries, currently.
Univac exec 8-univac1108, 1964, to Unisys Clearpath IX, at present.
Modern mainframes can also run Linux or Unix variants.
embedded system
Embedded systems use a wide range of operating systems (such as VxWorks, eCos, Symbian OS and Palm OS) and some simplified versions of Linux or other operating systems. In some cases, OS refers to a huge general program with fixed application software built in. In many of the simplest embedded systems, the so-called OS refers to the only application on it.
Unix class
Customized KDE desktop system executed under Linux The so-called Unix-like series refers to various operating systems, including System V, BSD and Linux. Since Unix is a registered trademark of Open Group, it refers to the operating system that abides by the behavior defined by this company. Unix-like usually refers to an operating system that contains more functions than the original Unix.
Unix system can be executed under a variety of processor architectures, and it has a high utilization rate on server systems, such as workstations in universities or engineering applications. Unix variants of free software, such as Linux and BSD, have become more and more popular recently, and have made great gains in the personal desktop computer market, such as Ubuntu system, but most of them are used by computer experts.
Some Unix variants, such as HP-UX of HP and AIX of IBM, are designed only for their own hardware products, while SUN's Solaris can be installed on their own hardware or x86 computers. Mac OS X of Apple Computer is a micro-kernel BSD system derived from NeXTSTEP, Mach and FreeBSD***. This operating system replaced the early non-Unix MAC OS of Apple Computer. After several years of efforts, the free and open source Unix system gradually encroached on the professional field of patented software. For example, the IRIX system of ——SGI, a giant computer animation operation, has been replaced by Linux family and Plan 9[3] cluster.
Linux system
Linux is a free 32-bit multitasking operating system, much like UNIX. But the stability, multi-task ability and network function of Linux system are incomparable to many commercial operating systems. Another biggest feature of Linux is that the source code is completely open. Under the principle of GNU GPL (General Public License), anyone can freely obtain, distribute and even modify the source code.
As far as the essence of Linux is concerned, it is only the core of the operating system, responsible for controlling hardware, managing file systems, program processes and so on. Linux kernel is not responsible for providing users with powerful applications. There are no compilers, system management tools, network tools, office suites, multimedia, drawing software, etc. Such a system can't play its powerful function, and users can't work with this system. Therefore, it is proposed that Linux kernel should be the core, and then integrated with various system programs or applications to form a complete operating system. The combined Linux suite is called Linux distribution.
The relatively successful Linux distributions in China are Red Flag and Medium Soft versions, with beautiful interface and convenient installation. The new version gradually shields some basic operations and is suitable for beginners. Both versions originated from the Linux project of the National 863 Program undertaken by the Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, but there is a certain gap between them in terms of stability and compatibility. The operating interface and habits are more and more similar to Windows, providing certain technical support and after-sales service, which is suitable for making low-cost operating system solutions in China.
Microsoft Windows software
Microsoft Windows series operating system is a graphical operating system based on MS-DOS designed by Microsoft for IBM machines. The current Windows systems, such as Windows 2000 and Windows XP, are all built on the modern Windows NT kernel. The NT kernel is borrowed from OS/2 and OpenVMS. Windows can run on 32-bit and 64-bit Intel and AMD processors, but earlier versions can also run on DEC Alpha, MIPS and PowerPC architectures. Although the market share of Windows has declined due to people's increasing interest in open source operating system, by 2004, Windows operating system had occupied 90% of the global desktop operating system market. [4]
Windows system is also used for low-level and middle-level servers, and supports some functions such as database service of web service. Recently, Microsoft has spent a lot of R&D funds to enable Windows to run large enterprise programs.
WindowsXP was released on October 25th, 2006110, and the latest upgrade package, WindowsXP Service Pack 2, was released on August 24th, 2004. Microsoft's latest operating system, Windows Vista (code Longhorn), was released on June 30th, 2007. Windwos Vista has added many functions, especially system security and network management. Windows Vista has a gorgeous aviation glass interface.