Answers to the Lingnan Regional Culture Form Test Assignment

Assignment 1

1. Fill-in-the-blank questions:

1. The "three The "big ethnic groups" refer to: Cantonese ethnic groups, Hakka ethnic groups and Hoklo ethnic groups.

2. The Guangfu ethnic group is the earliest ethnic group among the three major ethnic groups in Lingnan, and it best represents the cultural characteristics of Lingnan.

3. The ethnic minorities native to Guangdong mainly include the Li, Zhuang and She ethnic groups.

4. The earliest classic record of "Dan people" is "Huayang Guozhi" of the Jin Dynasty

5. Guangxiao Temple is the oldest existing Buddhist temple in Guangzhou.

2. Explanation of the name

1. Hoklo ethnic group

Answer: The Hoklo ethnic group refers to the group that speaks southern and northern Fujian dialects, and its geographical distribution It is the area around Chaozhou, Shantou and Hainan Island, and some of them moved from Fujian to Guangxi.

2. Danman

Answer: "Danmin" is a floating dwelling. Since they do not have a fixed geographical residence, their family members are wandering around, and their distribution is quite wide. Their physical characteristics are similar to those of the land residents in the water network areas of the counties at the Pearl River Estuary. The common language in this group is Guangzhou dialect, although the phonetic There has been some variation, but no special elements belonging to other language families have been found, so it was not recognized as a "nation" after liberation.

3. "Sanmei Mountain"

Answer: It is mostly named after Liu Sanmei sitting on the rock.

4. Huineng

Answer: The meaning of Huineng is: a person who benefits, benefits all people, and helps all living beings; a person who is capable, has boundless power and is extraordinary.

5. Good Cantonese folk songs

Answer: Cantonese people use songs to welcome guests during festive times. The types include: flower-giving songs, folk songs... etc. They can all be called "good Cantonese folk songs".

3. Short answer questions

1. Try to summarize the charm and characteristics of the Baiyue ancient people.

Answer: The charm and characteristics of the ancient Baiyue tribe are reflected in the customs and culture of the Li, Zhuang and She tribes. For example: Li women have the custom of tattooing their faces, Zhuang women like to wrap their heads with black cloth handkerchiefs, She women still wear "phoenix costumes", etc. These all reflect the charm and characteristics of the ancient Baiyue people.

2. What are the main features of Lingnan folk customs?

Answer: The characteristics of Lingnan folk customs can be summed up in the following three points:

1) Ancient yet young, sparks of collision burst out everywhere. The ancient way of life, customs and etiquette allow people to appreciate its long history and culture.

2), lively and diverse, full of water town romance. Those festive atmosphere of singing and dancing. This is true for "March 3rd", it is also true for "Playing Music Hall", and it is even more true for "Flower Street" at the end of the year.

3), very humane charm, with strong market style.

3. What are the main differences and characteristics between Lingnan culture and Central Plains culture?

Answer: It is full of humane charm and has a strong market style. Needless to say, weddings and funerals, birthdays, and ordinary visits to relatives and friends, people can't forget to bring some "souvenirs". During the Spring Festival, adults give "New Year's money" to children; elders "share tangerines" to younger generations; "bond" with objects, express love with flowers, etc. Cantonese people are more delicate in their emotions and not good at expressing their feelings. They don't have the enthusiasm and bold style of northerners, but they will never greet someone with a smile in front of their face and spit behind their back. These all reflect the characteristics of Lingnan and Central Plains cultures.

4. Briefly describe the reasons for Guangdong’s open-mindedness in foreign-related stories?

Answer: There are four main reasons for the openness of Guangdong’s foreign-related stories:

1) Guangdong is located in southern Xinjiang, far away from the core of the traditional cultural circle, and frequently visited The coastal area has a long coastline and forms an open geographical pattern, making it easy to accept the influence of foreign cultures.

2) Due to special geographical reasons, successive feudal dynasties have always implemented flexible policies towards Guangdong to promote the development of commercial trade in Guangdong. Guangzhou was the first to become my country's foreign trading port and handicraft industry base.

3) Most of the ancestors of the Guangdong people came south because they were hit and excluded during the Taobao war in the Central Plains or the internal struggles of the ruling group. They have little attachment to their homeland in the Central Plains, and they do not have the grief after the defeat of ancient civilizations. Guangdong, which is at the crossroads of Chinese and Western cultures, has a sense of loss. When there is a cultural conflict at a higher level, Guangdong people are more likely to accept the influence of foreign culture and adapt to the adaptability of modern culture.

4) Overseas Chinese in Guangdong are spread all over the country and play an important role in cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. All of these constitute the reason for the openness of Guangdong’s foreign-related stories.

5. What are the main aspects of the significance of the Sixth Patriarch Huineng’s Buddhist relics and scenery?

Answer: Many Buddhist relics of the Sixth Patriarch Huineng are often attached with a beautiful legend, which not only become historical sites of Buddhism, but also have legendary significance as "center points" or "memorials".

4. Material Analysis Questions

1. Answer:

The origin of Guangzhou is inseparable from ancient legends. It is said that a long time ago, around the time of King Zhou Yi, there was a severe drought in Guangzhou, the grain harvest was poor, and people's lives were difficult. One day, there was a sudden music, five colorful clouds appeared in the sky, and five immortals dressed in red, orange, yellow, green, and purple. Dressed in five colors, each riding a fairy sheep of different colors, holding rice ears in hand, soaring into the clouds and riding the mist to descend on Chuting (Guangzhou). The immortals gave the ears of rice to the people here, and wished that there would be plenty of food and clothing, and there would never be famine. They also left five immortal sheep behind, and then flew away in the sky. People scattered the ears of rice to the earth. From then on, Guangzhou had good weather and abundant harvests. Five fairy sheep turned into stone sheep and stayed on the hillside. This is the origin of Guangzhou's names such as "Wuyang City", "Yangcheng", "Suicheng" and "Xiancheng". "Sui" also got its name from this.

2. Answer:

The production of Guangdong riddles pays great attention to charm. It not only requires the riddle to be written and poetic, but also requires all aspects to cooperate very beautifully, especially Chaoshan riddles. The beauty of the riddle, the essence of the riddle, the answers to the riddle, the wonderful interlocking of the bottom surface, the new materials used on the bottom surface, the diverse expression techniques, and the complementation of the riddles are all impeccable. "The pieces are full of wonderful words", which is more sophisticated than writing poems and filling in words.

Assignment 2

1. Fill in the blanks:

1. "Sanyuanli"

2. Chenpi, old ginger and grass Straw grass

3. "Beiyuan Restaurant"

4. Low-leg swing door, folding door, hardwood door

5. Spring color, fire color ( Night)

2. Explanation of terms

1. Cantonese cuisine

Answer: Cantonese cuisine is one of the four major cuisines in my country, mainly including Guangzhou cuisine, Chaozhou cuisine, Dongjiang (Hakka) cuisine and Hainanese cuisine are the four major cuisines, with Guangzhou as the representative.

2. Arcade

Answer: Arcade refers to a house built suspended from the street in front of the building.

3. Mom’s costume

Answer: Mom’s costume is named after Shunde’s sister.

4. Piaose

Answer: Piaose is a folk entertainment popular in Panyu Shawan and Wuchuan Meijun area.

5. Self-combing women

Answer: Self-combing women are essentially homosexual women.

3. Short answer questions

1. Answer: The basic characteristics of Guangzhou’s tea house culture are mainly reflected in:

1) Trendy variations and a long history

3) Combination of Chinese and Western, wide range of harvest

4) Uniquely endowed with nature, leading the trend

2. Answer: The architectural styles of traditional Lingnan houses have mainly gone through the following eight types:

(1), Early folk houses - from caves to stilts

(2), Guangzhou’s bamboo tube houses< /p>

(3), Xiguan House

(4), "Arcade" Building

(5), Hakka Wailong House

( 6), Chaoshan folk houses "Four Points of Gold" and "Downhill Tiger".

(7), Li ethnic boat-shaped house.

(8), "Lianjia boat" for residents on the water.

3. Briefly describe the main types of clothing in modern Lingnan clothing culture?

1) Mandarin jacket 2) Cheongsam 3) Tang suit 4) Mother’s suit 5) Chinese tunic suit 6) Phoenix suit 7) Bucket group 8) Burlap shirt and straw hat

4. Answer: The following Four aspects express the characteristics and connotation of Guangdong folk animal dance

1) Vigorous and deep, unique style

2) Totem worship and sharing of God’s blessings

3) The coincidence of two reverential psychology

4) Self-entertainment and participation consciousness

5. Answer: Two special forms of resistance to feudal marriage

1) "Self-combing girl" is a unique wedding custom in the Pearl River Delta.

2) "Chuanlong leap" is a form of free love among young men and women of the Li ethnic group in Hainan

IV. Material analysis questions

1. Answer: Guangzhou City my country's famous Flower City has a history of more than a thousand years of flower cultivation. The Huadai Flower Field has long been famous around the world. The annual Suidu Flower Market has been in existence for more than 130 years. The long-standing flower market has given birth to many profound flower stories. It has produced many elegant and elegant poems and formed a rich floral language, which is a characteristic of Guangzhou's floral culture. It is human nature to love flowers. Flowers not only decorate the world colorfully with their natural beauty, but also inspire people's multi-level aesthetic tastes from different angles with their color, fragrance and appearance, showing the deep connotation in people's hearts. The cultivation of flowers has formed a specialized industry, the flower trade has a specialized market, and flower arranging has a specialized art. The poems and essays about flowers, flower bouquets, and flower streets are as colorful as flowers.

2) Answer: The annual New Year’s Eve Flower Street, people visit places during the day, pick green flowers during the Lantern Festival and get rid of all kinds of diseases, mend the sky and wear clothes on rainy days, surprise

Assignment 3

1. Fill-in-the-blank questions

1. The Jade Emperor

2. Pig breasts, pig meat

3. Touching the dragon bed, loving green snakes, eating Golden Pig

4. Thunder God

5. Qinglong, Suzaku, Black Tiger

2. Explanation of terms

1. He Xiangu< /p>

Answer: He Xiangu is one of the Eight Immortals. Legend has it that she was a native of Xiaolou Town, Zengcheng City today. Her surname was He and her given name was Xiugu. When she was young, Lu Dongbin saved her and became an immortal, so she was called He Xiangu.

2. City God

Answer: Originally the patron saint of the city. In ancient times, the battlements with water were called "chi" and the battlements without water were called "huang". The city god originally referred to the water in the ditches that protected the city, but later evolved into the patron saint and the god of the underworld, responsible for protecting the people of the city and in charge of the underworld.

3. Zhurong

Answer: The god of fire in folk belief. In Guangdong, Zhu Rong was worshiped as the water god and enshrined in the Nanhai Temple.

4. Belief in the Mother of Dragons

Answer: From the perspective of belief, she is from totem worship to clan worship, from a natural god to a clan protector.

5. Answer: It is a kind of witchcraft to seek divination and seek revelation from God.

3. Short answer questions

1. Answer: The main forms of expression include the influence of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism, as well as the spread of Jesus and Islam; there are concepts of God, but they are not as pure as God of the West. There are natural gods, but the worship of stars and spiritual stones are inextricably related to human affairs; there are clan gods, including heroes and founders of various industries. These people later took charge of all aspects of nature and became One side is sacred; there are gods of the underworld, forming another system of the underworld, many of which are connected with Buddhism and the human world.

2. Answer: Cantonese people’s taboos mainly include the following seven specific types: 1) language taboos, 2) yearly taboos, 3) food taboos, 4) marriage taboos, 5) funeral taboos, 6) Fierce taboos, 7) behavioral taboos.

3. Answer: There are three main reasons for the prevalence of modern folk superstition in Guangdong:

1) The accumulation of history and culture;

2) The lack of noble Ideals and sustenance;

3) The consequences of poor education and cultural disconnection.

4. Answer: The Dragon Mother belief in Deqing, Guangdong is mainly reflected in:

1) Pilgrimage of all peoples

2) Loving mother and filial son

3) Jiwu releases animals

4) Superstition of holy signs: touching the dragon bed, drinking holy water, taking incense ashes, and eating golden pigs.

5. Answer: Fu Xiangu's telepathy between heaven and man is a mysterious game that connects the two realms of yin and yang. It is popular in Chaoshan and Meixian areas. According to folklore, Sangu is a traveler from the Yin and Yang worlds. He can be asked to land in a certain "same body" in the Yang world, so that the souls of people in the Yang world can travel to the underworld to meet their dead relatives.

4. Material analysis questions

1. Answer: There are many records in ancient books about the practice of witchcraft in Guangdong. There are many examples in the notes of contemporary people. There are numerous and endless records, true and false, and it is difficult to distinguish between gods and ghosts. Beliefs and superstitions are mixed together, and taboos and witchcraft are integrated into one, forming a diverse world of gods and ghosts, which has a profound impact on social customs and cultural psychology. Cantonese people believe in and pray to various gods, which is as complex as the composition of their population. There are descendants of scholars from Zhongzhou who migrated south; there are also those who were born and raised locally; there are the influences of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism; there is also the spread of Jesus and Islam; there are conceptual gods, natural gods, and underworld gods.

There were many taboos of the ancients, and some of them have been passed down for a long time and still affect people's lives today. For example: language taboos, annual taboos, food taboos, marriage taboos, funeral taboos, evil taboos, and behavioral taboos.

2. Answer: The Mother of Dragons has simply become the God of the people of Xijiang. She is present in all aspects of their lives and is present everywhere. Before liberation, there were thousands of Dragon Mother temples, large and small, in various counties in the Jiangxi basin, but there were more than 300 in Deqing County. Almost all ships are enshrined with statues of the Dragon Mother. Boats passing by the Dragon Mother Ancestral Temple burned firecrackers and blew their respects, and some even went ashore to offer sacrifices. If you want a son or wealth, you can make a wish to the Dragon Mother. If you want to get rid of illness or disaster, you can ask the Dragon Mother to bless you. Especially floods and droughts are under the direct control of the Dragon Mother. These beliefs have profoundly influenced the customs of Xijiang people, such as not eating carp, releasing wild animals, caring for green snakes, touching dragon beds, drinking holy water, etc. The belief in the Dragon Mother has a profound influence on the folk culture of Xijiang. From folk stories and ballads to literati's poems and dramas; from ancient cultural relics to modern trademarks, and even people's habits and psychology, the Dragon Mother has left its mark. To this day, there is a saying in Guangzhou and Nanhai: "The first month of the lunar month is the Lettuce Festival, and the fifth month is the Dragon Mother's birthday." These are two unique birthday parties in Guangdong. As for the literati's poems and essays, there are even more countless records of the Dragon Mother's birthday. enumerate.