= = = = = = = = The Great Wall is not just a single wall, but a complete defense engineering system composed of various fortifications such as the wall, watchtower, Guancheng, Dunbao, Yingcheng, Wei Shuo and town beacon towers. This national defense engineering system is commanded and controlled by military command systems at all levels. [ 1]? The wall is the main part of the city wall, with an average height of 7.8 meters, and some sections are as high as 14 meters. Where the mountain is steep, the building is low, and the flat place is high; The key places are higher, and the general places are lower. The wall body is the main part of defending the enemy, with a relatively wide total thickness, a foundation width of 6.5 meters and an average floor width of 5.8 meters on the wall, so as to ensure that the two wagons run in parallel. The wall consists of an outer eaves wall and an inner eaves wall, and the outer eaves wall refers to the side of the outer wall facing the city. There are obvious points when building, which are generally 125% of the wall height. The separation of the wall can increase the width of the lower part of the wall, enhance the stability of the wall, strengthen its defensive performance, and make the outer wall magnificent. The inner cornice wall refers to the inner side of the outer skin wall, which is generally constructed as a vertical wall without obvious points. As for the thickness of the outer cornice wall, the thickness of the wall at the "crib" shall generally prevail. The thickness here is generally one and a half bricks wide, and it gets thicker as it goes down. Bricklaying method is mainly flat masonry. The Great Wall is the main part of this defense project. It is built on steep mountains or plains, and it is built according to the needs of topography and defense function. All places built on plains or main roads are very tall and strong, but they are relatively low and narrow in steep mountainous areas, in order to save manpower and cost. Even in some places where the steepest places can't be built, the methods of "cliff" and "split gable" are adopted, and Juyongguan, Badaling and Hebei, Shanxi, Gansu and other areas are like the Great Wall. On the top of the city wall, there is a building wall inside, which is 1 m high to prevent patrol soldiers from falling. Outside is the crib wall, about 2 meters high. The upper part of the stack wall is provided with a lookout, and the lower part is provided with a shooting hole and a rolling stone hole, which are used for observing the enemy situation and shooting rolling stones. On the top of some important city walls, there are layers of barriers to resist the enemies who climb the city walls in case. In the middle of Ming Dynasty, when the famous anti-Japanese star Qi Jiguang was transferred to Yuji Town as the company commander, the fortifications of the Great Wall were greatly improved, and enemy towers or platforms were set at the top of the wall to accommodate patrol soldiers and store weapons, food and socks, which greatly strengthened the defensive function of the Great Wall. [ 1]? The structural content of the wall depends on the local climate conditions. Generally speaking, the construction methods of Wan Li Great Wall are as follows: 1. Rammed earth wall; 2. Adobe masonry wall; 3. Brick wall; 4. Masonry wall; 5. Mixed masonry; 6. Strip stone; 7. Clay connecting brick. Bricks, stones and masonry are used to build city walls. When the slope of the terrain is small, bricklaying or masonry is parallel to the terrain, and when the local potential slope is large, the wall is built by horizontal descent method. There are a large number of beacon towers in the beacon system as information transmission systems, which is the oldest but effective way of information transmission. There are two kinds of signals in ancient frontier defense alarm. In case of enemy situation, smoke is called "bonfire" during the day and fire is called "whistle" at night. Taiwan Province and Taiwan Province are connected to transmit information. Burning smoke during the day and raising fire at night is because the sun is very strong during the day, the fire is not easy to see, and the smoke is more eye-catching; Smoke is not obvious at night, and fire can be seen far away. This is a very scientific method. In order to report the number of invading enemy soldiers, it is also distinguished by the number of smoke and fire. In the Ming Dynasty, the number of cigarettes and torches increased with the gunfire, so as to enhance the alarm effect and make the military situation spread thousands of miles away quickly. According to the system of the Ming Dynasty, give a cigarette and fire a gun, which means that the enemy is about 100 people. Put two smoke bombs and two cannons to attack about 500 people; /kloc-more than 0/000 people held three cigarettes and fired three shots. Beacon towers can be divided into four groups according to their positions and functions: the beacon towers located in the depths of the desert are the forefront of vigilance, and the beacon towers set along both sides of the Great Wall transmit information along the route. A series of beacon towers from the Great Wall to the capital contact the central government of the dynasty, and a group of beacon towers contact local governments and garrison troops near the location of the Great Wall. Beacon towers were built before the Great Wall, but since the appearance of the Great Wall, beacon towers along the Great Wall have been closely integrated with the Great Wall and become an important part of the Great Wall defense system, and some of them have been built on the Great Wall. In Han Dynasty, beacon towers were called beacon towers and pavilions. In Tang and Song Dynasties, the word "beacon tower" was also extended to beacon towers. In the Ming dynasty, it was generally called a smoke pier or pier (the pier in the northwest of Ming dynasty has the function of preventing the enemy, and the small one only has the function of watching, not lighting a bonfire). Beacon towers are generally about 10 Li apart, and some are about 5 Li apart in the Ming Dynasty. The layout of the beacon tower is also very important. The key is to arrange it in a dangerous mountain or a place where the peaks turn around, and the three adjacent beacon towers must be within the other party's field of vision, so as to check and transmit the news at any time. In addition to transmitting military information, the beacon also protects the safety of diplomatic envoys, provides accommodation, supplies horses and other services. Some sections of the Great Wall only have towers and pavilions, but no walls. [ 1]? Castles and castles are divided into acropolis, garrison or dry lake fort and fort, which are arranged in the Great Wall and sometimes outside the wall according to the requirements of defense system and military system. Wan Li's first Great Wall, Zhenbei Taiwei and Suocheng are about a hundred miles apart. The perimeter of the Acropolis is 6-9 Li, and the perimeter of a thousand households is 4-5 Li. Brick walls are made of horse faces and turrets, and gates are made of crocks. Some also built a moon city or wing city facing the crock door to strengthen the control of the city gate. There are offices, barracks, houses and temples in the city. The distance between Weifang and Suocheng and the Great Wall is near or far, depending on the place with moderate position, gentle terrain and easy reclamation in the Great Wall.
1.？
Fort city or frontier fortress, the distance is about 10, and the circumference of the city is 1-3. Brick wall wrapping, opening 1-2 gate, and building the gate of the urn. There are garrison barracks, schools and temples in the city, and the distance from the frontier fortress to the Great Wall is generally less than 10. In case of alarm, you can quickly board the city.
Guancheng
Jiayuguan is the first pass in the world.
Guancheng is the most concentrated defensive stronghold on the defense line of Wan Li Great Wall. The position of Guancheng is very important, because it is chosen on a favorable defensive terrain, and it receives the effect of resisting powerful invaders with very few troops. In ancient times, it was called "one person guards it, and ten thousand people can't force it", which vividly explained the importance of Guancheng.
Guancheng along the Great Wall is large and small, with a large number. Take Guancheng, the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty, as an example. There are nearly a thousand places, large and small. There are many small passes near some Daguancheng. For example, there are more than a dozen Xiaoguancheng near Shanhaiguan, which together constitute the defense engineering architecture system of the Great Wall of Wan Li. [ 1]?
length
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Due to the long history, most of the Great Wall in the early dynasties was incomplete, and the Great Wall built in the Ming Dynasty was well preserved, so people generally refer to the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty, and the length of the Great Wall is also the length of the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty.
National Cultural Heritage Administration and State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping joined hands, April 2009 18.
Badaling great wall
It is announced that the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty starts from Hushan, Liaoning Province in the east and ends at Jiayuguan, Gansu Province in the west, and passes through Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Beijing, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu and Qinghai provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) 156 counties from east to west, with a total length of 85 1.8km ... After a trench of 359.7 km,
On June 5th, 20 12, National Cultural Heritage Administration announced at Juyongguan Great Wall in Beijing that after nearly five years' investigation, the total length of the Great Wall in China was 2196.18km, including the Great Wall, trenches, single buildings, enclosed castles and related facilities. This is the first time that China has scientifically and systematically investigated and appraised the Great Wall. [30]?
major path
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Shanhaiguan 1580
The Great Wall Pass includes Jiayuguan, Shanhaiguan, Juyongguan, Yumenguan, Jingxingguan, Niangziguan, Yanmenguan, Piantouguan, Pingxingguan, Gubeikou, xifengkou, Yulin Sai, Huangyaguan, Waqiaoguan, Hushan Great Wall, Wuyiguan, Niuzhuang City, fenshuiguan, Ningyuan City, Yangguan and Niuzhuang City. Dushikou, Zhangjiakou, Mashikou, Yangfangbaoguan, Shuikouguan, Zijingguan, Xuanhua City, Santunying, Sandaoguan, damao mountain, Yiyuankou, Jielingkou, Chongyukou, Xuliukou, Lengkouguan, Baiyangyuguan, Qingshan Pass, tiemenguan, Panjiakou, Longjingguan, Hongshankou, Shangguan and Changyukou. Lupiguan, Hefangkou, Lianhuachiguan, Huanghua Chengguan, Daokouguan, Jiukonglou, Sihai Yekou, Juyansai Old Town, Gill Sai, Gaoquesai, Datong, Shahukou, Weilubaokou, Jinsuo Pass, Huangzeguan, Huangyuguan,
Jiayuguan
Beiloukou, Ning Wuguan, Limin Fort, Deshengkou, Zhenhongbao, Pingyuan Fort, Xinping Fort, Baoping Fort, Huamen Fort, Wayaokou, Zhenning Fort, Zhenkou Fort, Shoukou Fort, Zhenbian Fort, Zhenchuan Fort, Hongci Fort, Zhenqiang Fort, Refusal to Door Fort and Fuma Fort. Zuhubaokou, Jiangjunhuibao, Yajiaoshan, Laoyingbao, Hongmenkou, Laoniuwanbao, Yangfangkou, Baicaoguan, Guangwucheng, Beiloukou, Langya, Longquan, Guguan, Hedulingkou, Malingguan, Zhiguolingkou, Junjiguan and Wuqi Qin Changcheng.
Representative batch
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Shanhai Pass
Shanhaiguan, known as the first pass in the world, is located in the northeast of Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province 15km, where the Great Wall of Wan Li enters the sea. The total length is 26 kilometers, including: Laolongtou Great Wall, Guancheng Great Wall in the south wing, Jiao Shan Great Wall in the north wing, Sandaoguan Great Wall and Jiumenkou Great Wall. Laolongtou Great Wall is the end part of the Great Wall entering the sea.
Shanhaiguan City consists of seven castles: Guancheng, Dongluo City, Xiluo City, South Wing City, North Wing City, Weiyuan City and Ninghai City. The surrounding city walls are 4,769 meters long, 1 1.6 meters high and 10 meters thick. The city walls are tall, solid and magnificent. There are four gates in the east, west, south and north of the city. There are turrets in the southeast corner and northeast corner of the city, and there is a magnificent bell and drum tower in the center of the city. The entire Acropolis building is large in scale and the defense project is solid. Shanhaiguan was the product of the garrison system established in Ming dynasty, and the "reclamation system" and reform policy of Ming dynasty played an important role in the consolidation and development of Shanhaiguan. [3 1]?
Jinshanling Great Wall
Jinshanling Great Wall is located in the Yanshan Mountains at the junction of Miyun County and Luanping County, Chengde City, Hebei Province. It starts from Longyukou in the west and ends in wangjinglou in the east, with a total length of 10.5km ... There are 67 enemy towers with different buildings, 2 beacon towers and 5 passes along the way. Here, there are many enemy towers on the Great Wall, generally at 50- 100 meters. This wall is based on huge stones and is 5-8 meters high. There are horse-blocking walls, stacked walls and barrier walls, which are various in form and have their own characteristics. [32]?
Badaling great wall
Located in Yanqing, Beijing, Badaling Great Wall is the most representative section of the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty. It is the outpost of Juyongguan, with an altitude of 10 15 meters. It is an important military pass in Ming Dynasty and an important barrier for Beijing. [33]?
196 1 year, the State Council designated Badaling Guancheng and its city wall as national key cultural relics protection units. 1984 and 19 towers were successively repaired, with a total length of 374 1 m, making the total sightseeing area reach19000m2. 1986, Badaling was rated as one of the sixteen scenic spots in new Beijing. From 65438 to 0987, the United Nations accepted the Great Wall of Wan Li as a "World Cultural Heritage". 1991August, Badaling Great Wall accepted the certificate of human cultural heritage issued by UNESCO at the Palace Museum in Beijing. 199 1 year, 65438+February, Badaling became the top 40 tourist attractions in China. [34]?
Dajingmen Great Wall
Dajingmen Great Wall is located in Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province. It is the only pass named after the gate in the Great Wall and one of the four great passes of the Great Wall.
Dajingmen Great Wall was built in Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty, and it is located on the towering East-West Taiping Mountain. According to the strategic pass of the Great Wall, it is the key to the border pass. The wall of Dajingmen is 12m high, 13m long and 9m wide. On the west side, there is Xijing Gate (small gate) excavated in Wanli period of Ming Dynasty. There are many historical sites of Ming and Qing Dynasties in the scenic area, such as the Great Wall Park of Xitaipingshan, Laiyuanbao, Xiaojinmen, Guandi Temple, Erlang Temple and Mountain Temple.
Jiao Shan Great Wall
The Great Wall of Jiao Shan is located about 3 kilometers north of Shanhaiguan, Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province. It is the remnant vein of Yanshan Mountains and the highest mountain barrier in the north of Guancheng, with an altitude of 5 19 meters. Its peak is a big flat roof, which can seat hundreds of people. There are huge stones and cragginess, like dragons with horns on their heads, hence the name. Cape Mountain is the first mountain that the Great Wall of Wan Li crosses from the old dragon head to the north, so people also call it "the first mountain of the Great Wall of Wan Li".
The Great Wall of Jiao Shan was built in the early years of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, extending from Hanmenguan at the foot of the mountain to Dapingding * * *1536m. Most of the city walls are made of local materials, rubble masonry, city bricks and feldspar masonry. The height and width of the Great Wall in Jiao Shan have obvious mountain-following characteristics. The height of the Great Wall here is generally 7- 10 meter, and the average width is 4-5 meters. Where the mountain is steep, there are also cliff masonry, the narrowest of which can reach 2.7 meters wide. The exterior of these walls is very steep and difficult to attack; It's low inside, so it's easy to climb the wall. [35]?
Qingshan Pass Watergate
Qingshan Pass, located in the northern part of Qianxi County, Hebei Province, is named after Daqingshan Mountain on both sides of the pass. Built in the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, the geographical location is very important. The road to guarding the city goes directly to Saibei grassland and the mainland goes directly to Santun camp in Jizhou Town. The mountains on both sides of Guancheng are opposite, and the Great Wall of Wan Li starts from the south and winds to the west, which makes the terrain of Qingshan Pass more dangerous and majestic. According to historical records, Qingshan Pass was rebuilt many times after it was built, especially after two battles between Qi Jiguang, a national hero, and Duoyan of Mongolia. Qi Jiguang personally supervised the repair, and repaired the Great Wall of Qingshan Pass on the original basis, forming an existing pattern.
Qingshan Pass Watergate, known as the first gate of the Great Wall in Wan Li, is the only well-preserved water gate along the Great Wall. After the water gate was repaired, only half of the groove was left for lifting the gate. [36]?
Mutianyu section of the Great Wall
Mutianyu Great Wall, located in Huairou District, is one of the sixteen new scenic spots in Beijing. Juyongguan Great Wall connects Juyongguan in the west and Gubeikou in the east. The open 2250-meter section of the Great Wall features piles on both sides of the Great Wall, especially the three enemy towers in the viewing platform. The famous landscape arrow buckle, corner edge and upside-down flying eagle are located at the western end of Mutianyu Great Wall. 1992 was rated as the best tourist destination in Beijing. In 2002, it was rated as 4A-level scenic spot.
Mutianyu, because of its very important geographical position, has been a military fortress to defend Beijing since ancient times. This section connects Juyongguan, Changping County, Beijing in the west and Gubeikou, Miyun County, Beijing in the east. Built in the Ming Dynasty, it is called "Dangerous Ridge Xiongguan". [37]?
Simatai Great Wall
Simatai Great Wall, located in Gubeikou Town, northeast of Miyun County, Beijing, is 20 kilometers away from Beijing/KLOC-0.
The Simatai Great Wall starts from wangjinglou in the east and ends at Houchuankou in the west, with a total length of 5.4 kilometers and 35 watchtowers. The whole Great Wall is exquisitely conceived and strangely designed. Professor Luo, an expert on the Great Wall, once commented that the Great Wall in China is the highest in the world and the Great Wall in Simatai is the highest in China. Simatai Great Wall was listed in the World Heritage List on 1987, which belongs to the national key cultural relics protection unit and is the only ancient architectural site in China that retains the original appearance of the Ming Dynasty. [38]?
The Great Wall of Gu Bei Kou
Gubeikou Great Wall, located in Luanping County, Chengde City, Hebei Province, is the most complete Great Wall system in the history of China Great Wall. It consists of the Northern Qi Great Wall and the Ming Great Wall, including Wohu Mountain, Panlong Mountain, Jinshanling and Simatai. Gubeikou is the Great Wall fortress between Shanhaiguan and Juyongguan. It is the throat of Liaodong Plain and Inner Mongolia leading to the Central Plains. It has always been a battleground for military strategists, especially in Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The competition for Gubeikou has never stopped, so the role of the Great Wall is particularly important. [39]?
Jiankou Great Wall
Jiankou Great Wall is located in Badaohe Township, northwest of Huairou County, Beijing (formerly Chengde City, Hebei Province), about 30 kilometers away from Huairou County. The mountains are changeable, and the Great Wall above the steep peaks and cliffs is even more majestic and steep. The Great Wall with an arrow buckle is named after the whole section of the Great Wall meanders in a W-shape, like a bow and arrow buckle.
The Jiankou Great Wall is the steepest and most majestic section of the Great Wall in Beijing, with severe natural weathering and no artificial decoration. It stretches for more than 20 kilometers from Niu Jiao side, South Tower, Ghost Gate, Arrow Buckle Beam, East-West Neck Tower, East-West Oil Basket Top, General's First Officer, Ladder, Eagle Flying Upside Down, Jiuyan Tower and Jingjie to wangjinglou. [40]?
Zhenbeitai
Zhenbeitai was built in the thirty-fifth year of Ming Wanli (1607), three kilometers away from Yulin, a famous historical and cultural city in Shaanxi Province. It is the most magnificent and imposing building in the ruins of the Great Wall in Wan Li and the most magnificent military fortress and observation post on the Great Wall in Wan Li. Known as "the best in the world", it is one of the "three wonders" of the Great Wall of China, with Shanhaiguan in the east, Zhenbeitai in the middle and Jiayuguan in the west. It is an important part of the Great Wall, a world cultural heritage and a national key cultural relic protection unit. [4 1-42]?
Zhenbeitai is in danger, square, ***4 floors, more than 30 meters high. This Tai Chi Hall is 82 meters long in the north, 76 meters long in the south and 64 meters long in the east and west, covering an area of 5,056 square meters.
Great Wall at Jiayuguan Pass
Jiayuguan Great Wall is located in the southwest corner of Jiayuguan City, named after it was built at the foot of Jiayuguan Mountain. It is the starting point of the western end of the Ming Great Wall. It was built in the fifth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1372). It is the most well-preserved Chengguan along the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty, the first pass in Hexi and an important stop on the Silk Road. Chengguan is a complete defense system composed of inner city, outer city and moat. Rammed by loess and covered with city bricks, it is solid and majestic.
The Guancheng plane is trapezoidal, covering an area of more than 33,500 square meters, with a total length of 733 meters and a height of 1 1.7 meters. The tower is symmetrical from east to west, three rooms wide and surrounded by cloisters. The top of the three-story rest mountain is 17 meters high, which is magnificent. There is a watchtower at the four corners of Guancheng, which is two stories high and looks like a bunker. From a distance, you can see the scenery outside the Great Wall. [43]?
Hushan Great Wall
Hushan Great Wall is located in Hushan Scenic Area on the Yalu River15km east of Dandong City, Liaoning Province. The elevation of the main peak of Hushan Mountain146.3m. The summit is the first beacon tower of the Great Wall of Wan Li. Looking around from the beacon tower, Yizhou in North Korea, Mashi Shazhou in China and Yalu River Bridge connecting Dandong and Sinuiju are clearly visible. [44]?
Jiumenkou Great Wall
Jiumenkou Great Wall is located in Xintaizi Village, Lijia Township, Suizhong County, Liaoning Province, with a distance of 15km and a total length of1704 m. Its southern end starts from dangerous peaks and cliffs and connects with the Great Wall from Shanhaiguan. Since then, the Great Wall has extended northward along the ridge to the south bank of the local Jiujiang River. On the Jiujiang River, which is 100 meters wide, a huge river-crossing bridge has been built, so as to wander northward among the mountains. "The city walks on water, and the water flows in the city." This is an image description of the Great Wall at Jiumenkou. [45]?
Datong great wall
Datong is one of the nine major towns in the Ming Dynasty, with an important strategic position. Datong Great Wall was built in Jiajing period and was founded and repaired by Weng Wanda, a bachelor of Xuanda University. Datong starts from Zhenkoutai, Tianzhen County in the east and ends at Yajiao Mountain (now Qingshuihezi, Inner Mongolia) in the west, with a total length of 335 kilometers. According to the statistics of "Planning, Testing and Illustration of Three Clouds in General Town of Datong", Datong Town has successively built a 5 16.3-mile big side and two sides; 72 castles (20 cities and 52 castles); 776 border towns; There are 833 fire piers. It is a key cultural relic protection unit in Shanxi Province. [46]?
Juyongguan
Juyongguan, known as "the first male pass in the world", is one of the oldest and most famous passes on the Great Wall of Wan Li. Juyongguan is located in Guangou Canyon, 48 kilometers northwest of Beijing. There are two mountains and temples here. The mountains are steep and the water is first-class. The halls, offices, pavilions and warehouses in Guancheng are stacked on top of each other. The valley where Guancheng is located belongs to the mountainous area of Taihang Yumai Jundu, which is famous for its risks. Scholars of all ages left many poems here, and Qianlong also mentioned the word "Juyong Diecui" here, becoming the first of the famous "Eight Scenes of Yanshan Mountain". [47]?
Yanmenguan Great Wall
Yanmenguan, also known as Xiguan, is famous for its "danger" and has the saying that "there are nine jams in the world and the wild goose gate is the first". Yanmen Mountain, located about 20 kilometers north of Daixian County, Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province, China, is an important pass on the Great Wall, which is called "Outer Three Passes" together with Ning Wuguan and Pianguan. In 200 1 year, Yanmenguan was announced by the people of China and the State Council as one of the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
Yanmen Mountain was called Gouzhu Mountain in ancient times. The mountains here are tall and straight, and the terrain is dangerous. Building Yanmenguan "is strong outside with the princes, and the key to Taiyuan is solid inside, reaching three levels and full of throats?" . According to legend, every spring, the south wild goose flies north, with reed leaves in its mouth, and flies to the wild goose gate to hover for a long time until the leaves fall. Therefore, there is a saying that "wild geese come out of the mountain".
preservation of cultural relics
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During the period of 1952, the China municipal government organized and implemented the maintenance projects of Juyongguan, Badaling and Shanhaiguan Great Wall, which was the first batch of Great Wall protection and maintenance projects in New China. [48]?
On March 4th, 196 1, Wan Li Great Wall-Badaling, Wan Li Great Wall-Shanhaiguan and Wan Li Great Wall-Jiayuguan were listed in the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council. [49]?
1987 65438+February, the Great Wall was listed as a world cultural heritage. [9]?
On September 20th, 2006, the the State Council 1 50th executive meeting passed the Regulations on the Protection of the Great Wall, which came into effect on February12006. [50]?
In 2008, Shandong started the project of "Investigation on the Resources of the Great Wall of Qi". After nearly four years of unremitting efforts, the field survey of the early Great Wall was completed, and the comprehensive survey of the Great Wall was realized for the first time. Finally, it is confirmed that the total length of Qi Great Wall is 64 1322.40? rice. According to the detailed information obtained from the investigation of Qi Great Wall resources, the overall protection plan of Qi Great Wall is compiled. [ 16]?
In 20 1 1 year, National Cultural Heritage Administration basically completed the "four possessions" of the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty and improved the Great Wall resource information system. [5 1]?
the Great Wall
20 12, National Cultural Heritage Administration completed the Great Wall census and data release. [52]?
In 20 13, National Cultural Heritage Administration issued the "China World Cultural Heritage Monitoring and Early Warning System Construction Plan" and launched the 10 World Cultural Heritage Site Monitoring Pilot Project; Guide all localities to do a good job in the protection and maintenance of the Great Wall and the basic work of "four haves". [53]?
On April 27th, 20 15, National Cultural Heritage Administration approved the request for instructions on the preparation of Mudanjiang side wall protection plan (Heizi [20 14]No. 17) and agreed to prepare Mudanjiang side wall protection plan. [54]?
On April 30th, 20 15, National Cultural Heritage Administration approved the "Request for Instructions on Setting up the Renovation Project of Guangyu Gate at the North Gate of Yulin Weicheng" (Shaanxi Zi [20 14] No.81), and agreed to set up the Renovation Project of Guangyu Gate at the North Gate of Yulin Weicheng, Shaanxi (Great Wall ID: 610800).
On April 30th, 20 15, National Cultural Heritage Administration approved the "Request for Instructions on Reporting the Rescue Protection Scheme of the Great Wall of Qi-Dongshan of Shijiakuang in Huangdao to Xishan of Shanzhou Village" (Lu Wenfa [2065438+04] No.459), and agreed in principle to the protection scheme of the Great Wall of Qi from Dongshan of Shijiakuang in Huangdao to Xishan of Shanzhou Village. [56]?
On April 30th, 20 15, National Cultural Heritage Administration approved the Request for Instructions on Establishing the Protection and Maintenance Project of the Great Wall Cultural Relics in Shihuliang Section of Qingshui River (20 14) and agreed to establish the protection and maintenance project of Shihuliang Section of Qingshui River. [57]?
On may 5th, 20 15, National Cultural Heritage Administration approved the "request for instructions on reporting the renovation works of the east and north city walls of the city site" (Liao Cultural Relics [2015] No.49), and agreed in principle to report the city site (Great Wall ID: 21062435310266). [58]?
20/kloc-0 On May 8th, May, National Cultural Heritage Administration approved the Request for Submitting the Emergency Treatment and Reinforcement Project of Damaobao Great Wall-East Wall and South Wall Scheme (Liao Cultural Relics [2065438+05] No.54), and agreed in principle with the report of Damaobao Great Wall (Great Wall ID: 2 107865438). [59]?
On June 2, 20 15, National Cultural Heritage Administration approved the Report on the Protection Scheme of Jiayuguan Drinking Water Source Relocation Project Crossing the Great Wall Cultural Relics Water Supply Pipeline (No.2065438+05183), and agreed in principle to adopt the water supply pipeline lines 2, 4, 5 and 6 of Jiayuguan Drinking Water Source Relocation Project. [60]?
the Great Wall
On June 8, 20 15, National Cultural Heritage Administration's Report on the Project Establishment of Linze Section of Ming Great Wall (No.70 issued by Jiangxi Bureau of Literature [2065438+05]) agreed to the project establishment of Linze Section of Ming Great Wall. [6 1]?
On June 9, 20 15, National Cultural Heritage Administration approved the Project Proposal for Emergency Repair of No.7-1Enemy Battlefield in Mentougou Section of Beijing Ming Great Wall (No.42 of Beijing Cultural Relics [2065438+05]) and agreed to No.7-165438 in Mentougou Section of Beijing Ming Great Wall. [62]?
On September 24th, 20 15, National Cultural Heritage Administration approved the "Request for Instructions on the Scheme of Crossing the Great Wall for the Construction Project of Jingbian-Shenmu Gathering and Transportation System, a coal transportation passage to Central China Railway" (No.2015 172). [63]?
On September 28th, 20 15, National Cultural Heritage Administration approved the request for instructions on the new Chifeng-Beijing-Shenyang high-speed railway project crossing the site of the Great Wall in Yanbei (No.2015). [64]?
20 15 On September 28th, 2005, National Cultural Heritage Administration gave an official reply to the Request for the Project Establishment of the Lower Half Spring Building in Yanqing County, Beijing (No.381No.20/kloc-5). [65]?
On September 28th, 20 15, National Cultural Heritage Administration approved the Request for Instructions on Submitting the Protection and Repair Project Report of the Great Wall Site of Qi (Dacheshan Section of Anqiu) (Lu Wenfa [2065438+05] No.86). [66]?
On September 28th, 20 15, National Cultural Heritage Administration approved the "Request for Instructions on Reporting the Emergency and Reinforcement Project Report of Xishan Section of Qi Great Wall-Shuiquanliu" (Lu Wenfa [2065 438+05] 13), and agreed to establish the reinforcement and protection project of Xishan Section of Qi Great Wall. [67]?
On September 28th, 20 15, National Cultural Heritage Administration approved the Request for Instructions on Submitting the Rescue Protection Project Report from Qi Great Wall to Qinglong Mountain in Zichuan District (Lu Wenfa [2065 438+05] 14), and agreed to establish the rescue protection project from Qi Great Wall to Qinglong Mountain in Zichuan District. [68]?
On September 28th, 20 15, National Cultural Heritage Administration approved the Report on Submitting the First-class Highway Construction Project from Minqin County to Hongshagang to Pass the Great Wall Cultural Relics Protection Scheme (No.218 issued by Jiangxi Bureau of Culture [2065438+05]). [69]?
the Great Wall
201510 June 12 National Cultural Heritage Administration replied "Report on the Cultural Relics Protection Scheme of Yangjiachuan Traction Station of Lanyu Electrified Railway 1 10 kV Power Supply Project Passing through the Warring States Period Qin Changcheng in Lintao County" (issued by Jiangxi Bureau of Literature [2015) [70]?
20 1 510 June 12 National Cultural Heritage Administration replied "Request for approval of cultural relics protection scheme for Tianjin South 1000 kV high-voltage AC power transmission and transformation project crossing Daixian great wall village1section of Beiqi Great Wall" (Jin cultural relics [2015) [7 1]?
20 15, 15126, National Cultural Heritage Administration approved the Request for Instructions on Submitting the Project Report of the Rescue Protection Project in the Beishan Section of the Boshan District of Qi Great Wall (Lu Wenfa [2065438+05] No.81), and agreed to Qi. [72]?
On October 25th, 2015438+065438+/kloc-0, National Cultural Heritage Administration approved the Request for Instructions on Applying for the Protection and Repair Project of the East Gate of the Ming Great Wall (Jin Cultural Relics [2015] No.47), and agreed to establish the protection and repair project of the East Gate of the Ming Great Wall. [73]?
2015165438+1October 24th, National Cultural Heritage Administration approved the "Request for instructions on the renovation project scheme of watchtowerNo. 146 to watchtowerNo. 150 in Huairou District and the Great Wall (ladder to eagle inverted)" (Beijing Cultural Relics [
On May 5, 20 16, National Cultural Heritage Administration approved the Request for Instructions on Reporting the Design Scheme of the New Chongli Railway Crossing the Great Wall Site (Ji Cultural Relics Zi [20 1 6] No.68), and agreed in principle that the reported new Chongli Railway would cross the Dajianshan Great Wall1section, section 4 of Zhengpantai Village Great Wall and the Great Wall on the northeast side of Xiaokouliang by tunnel. [75]?
On May 6, 20 16, National Cultural Heritage Administration approved the Report on Submitting the Design Scheme for the Protection, Maintenance and Reinforcement Project of Heifengkou Section of Warring States Qin Changcheng in Huanxian County (No.319 issued by Jiangxi Bureau of Literature [2065438]). [76]?
20 16 On May 6th, National Cultural Heritage Administration gave a formal reply to the Request for Instructions on Reporting the Emergency Repair and Protection Scheme for the Great Wall of Qiqinglongshan and Nanshan Section of Hubaoquan Village in Zichuan (Lu Wenfa [2065438+06] No.20). [77]