According to preliminary statistics, there are more than 20 Xinghua Villages across the country. There are really different opinions on who is the Xinghua Village that Du Mu is referring to, and everyone has their own opinions. In modern times, due to the economic value of "Xinghua Village", the most fiercely contested ones are Xinghua Village in Fenyang, Shanxi and Xinghua Village in Chizhou, Anhui. Xinghua Village in Fenyang, Shanxi Province says that Fenjiu and Xinghua Village are integrated into one. Fenjiu refers to the wine of Xinghua Village, and Xinghua Village refers to Fenjiu. Xinghua Village in Chizhou, Anhui Province said that they also made wine there, and that Du Mu once served as an official in Chizhou. There is no data showing that Du Mu went to Fenyang. Xinghua Village in Fenyang gave another example. Du Mu himself wrote the poem "Bingzhou Daozhong", but Xinghua Village in Chizhou believed that the poem was unreliable.
In 2000, Xinghua Village in Chizhou rebuilt the ancient well ruins. A year later, he applied for registration of the "Xinghua Village" tourism service trademark. As soon as this move came out, it immediately aroused dissatisfaction from Fenyang Xinghua Village, because as early as 1957, Fenjiu Distillery had registered the "Xinghua Village" trademark on alcoholic products, and it was later recognized as a well-known trademark. In the nearly ten years since then, the two places have gone to court over the issue of trademark use rights and ownership. In many lawsuits and appeals, Chizhou Xinghua Village won. The media said the verdict marked the split of Du Mu's "Xinghua Village" into two, with "wine" in Shanxi and "play" in Anhui.
? It can be seen that Xinghua Village each has its own history, and they are all real. However, the long-term history of each Xinghua Village is basically unknown. When exactly it got its name can hardly be traced back to the Tang and Song Dynasties. Fenyang Xinghua Village is so famous that only the records of Guozha Town can be found in the Tang Dynasty. , even the villagers of Xinghua Village in the early years of the Republic of China only said it was called "Xinghuawu" in the Tang Dynasty (the 1922 travelogue "Xinghua Village Singed by Poets" by writer Xiao Xiang). In the absence of reliable information, as long as we read the "Qingming" poem carefully, we will know that the literal meaning of "Xinghua Village" is not the name of the village, but a village where apricot flowers are in full bloom. In addition to Du Mu's poems, Xinghua Village also appeared in the poems of three other poets in the late Tang Dynasty. Xu Hun's "Returning to the Pucheng Villa" in Xia Di: "Returning to Sanjing in frustration, hurting the spring to say goodbye to the nine gates. The willow road is thin with thin smoke, and the Xinghua Village is lightly rained. The animal husbandry is still calling the calf, and the neighbor is also hugging the grandson. I don't know how hard Yu Zheng is. , Welcome the horse and ask about the cold weather. "Xue Neng's "Returning to the North on a Spring Day": "The whole day is winding, the boat is heading to Shumen. The rain is drying and the willows are crossing. The mountains are hot and the apricot blossoms are in the clear sky. The sky is bright and the lights are shining. Puhun. The border town is not my intention, and I look back on my unfinished kindness. "Wen Tingyun's "Farewell to Friends": "I'm half-drunk in the ancient plains. "The beauty of the year is limitless, not to mention Lan Sun." Without exception, these Xinghua Villages do not refer to the name of the village. The difference is that Du Mu's Xinghua Village was associated with wine. Because of its catchy language and deep artistic conception, it was widely spread, making "Xinghua Village" gradually evolve into a poetic and wine concept.
According to records in wine culture books of past dynasties, almonds were needed for the brewing of Fenjiu in ancient times. Among the many wine texts written by the Song Dynasty, the "Beishan Wine Classic" written by Zhu Gong has the most academic value. When recording the formula of bamboo leaf green and lamb wine, almonds are mentioned many times: "Almond koji, one hundred pounds per side makes almonds." Twelve taels." Gao Lian of the Ming Dynasty also mentioned the formula of Fenzhou lamb wine in his "Eight Notes of Zunsheng": "Seven pounds of fat lamb, fourteen liang of Qu, and one pound of almonds." This means that there are naturally many apricot trees near Fenzhou Winery. It is very likely that after Du Mu's "Qingming" poem spread, the most famous winery in Fenjiu was gradually called Xinghua Village, after the late Tang Dynasty, or even after the Southern Song Dynasty, because academic circles believe that the "Qingming" poem is likely to be It is a "fake poem" that first appeared in "The Valley of Splendid Flowers" in the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty.
? Fenjiu is a yellow wine that originated before the Tang Dynasty. The famous "Fenqing" during the Southern and Northern Dynasties should also be yellow wine, but it was filtered to be "clearer" and of higher quality. In the propaganda of the Northern Qi Emperor Gao Zhan It became even more famous. "Book of Northern Qi" records that Gao Zhan wrote a letter to his nephew Kangshu Wang Xiaoyu in Yecheng in Jinyang: "I drank two cups of Fenqing, and I advise you to drink two cups in Ye."
? Mid-Tang Dynasty The famous wines of the Tang Dynasty recorded in the "Supplement to the History of the Tang Dynasty" written by Li Zhao include: "Ganhe and grapes from Hedong, rich water from Yingzhou, Ruoxia from Wucheng, spring from caves in Xingyang, frozen spring from Fuping, and burning from Jiannan. In spring, Lingxi River in the south of Lingnan, Jiuying in Boluo and Yicheng, Panshui in Xunyang, Xishiqiang, Xiabaoling, Langguanqing and Apoqing in the capital are also sprinkled with Sanle pulp, Fachu Persia and Sanle. They are called Molle, Pilile, and Harile. "The variety is amazing, but Fenqing seems to have been discontinued. In the Tang Dynasty, "Qianhe" and "Grape" emerged in Fenyang (ie Hedong).
? Xinghua Village also produces a kind of lamb wine, which started in the Tang Dynasty and became popular in the Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty. "History of the Old Tang Dynasty" once recorded a conversation between Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty and his minister Xu Jingzong: "I see that among the ministers, you are the only one who is virtuous, but why should anyone criticize you for your fault?" Xu Jingzong replied: "The spring rain is like this. Ointment nourishes all things. Farmers like its moistness, but passers-by hate its mud. The autumn moon is like a gui, shining in all directions. Beauties like it, but thieves hate its brightness. The world is so vast that it cannot fulfill people's wishes, let alone the minister without lambs and wine. , how can we persuade others?" It can be seen that lamb wine was already very famous in the Tang Dynasty.
? Meng Yuanlao of the Song Dynasty recorded its price in "The Provincial Palace in Front of Xuande Tower" in "Tokyo Menghualu": ??"This store is the most popular hotel, with seventy-two silver bottles of wine." Wen Yijiao, lamb wine eighty-one Wenjiao.” A horn is a container for wine and a measuring tool. Li Dezai of the Yuan Dynasty said in "Sanqu": "A golden bottle filled with lamb wine is not like a golden cup filled with spiritual buds." Wang Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty praised in "Wine Products": "Lamb wine comes from Xiaoyi and other counties in Fenzhou. It is white and translucent, as beautiful as ice, full of flavor, and is far away from Xiangling. " Regarding the function of lamb wine, Li Shizhen once commented in the 25th volume of "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Lamb wine can replenish vitality, strengthen the spleen and stomach, and benefit the waist and kidneys. ”
? The people of Xinghua Village have frequent contacts with ethnic minorities, and they are very familiar with the taste and habits of the Mongolians. In the Yuan Dynasty, the craftsmanship of lamb wine was reformed, and the quality of the wine was more unique, which was deeply loved by the Mongolians. It was praised and exported to Britain, France and other countries. There is a porcelain square wine bottle in the British Museum in London, England. One side depicts a picture: a man and a woman are dancing under a willow tree, and a male and a female goat are leisurely beside them. Looking around; on the other side is a man and a woman who are about to cross the bridge. There is an archway on the bridge with the three characters "Shengxian Bridge" written on it. In the sky above the bridge, there are several cranes flying around. There is an apricot blossom tree next to it; on both sides is a couplet: "The golden pedals are high across the grassy grass; the people in the Jade Tower are drunk in the apricot blossom sky." "The wine bottle is engraved with apricot blossoms and written "Xinghua", which should have pioneered the export of Xinghua Village's trademarks. Xinghua Village's lamb wine has emerged in the world and has become famous overseas. By the end of the Yuan Dynasty, various brands in As the most important specialty of Fenzhou Prefecture, the wine produced by the winery is almost synonymous with Fenzhou Prefecture. It is said that the wines produced by all the wineries in Xinghua Village will be called Fenjiu from now on, and will be signed "Shanxi Fenjiu" when exported.
? Fenjiu went global, and Shanxi merchants were open-minded. By the middle of the 18th century, Fenjiu was brewed in Russia. It was called "Chinese Vodka" by the Russians, and "North Taka" by Shanxi merchants. The late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China was another period of great development for Fenjiu. The technology was improved, the output increased, and the quality was improved. In 1915, Fenjiu participated in the Panama International Exposition and won the first-class gold medal, making it one of the world's famous wines. The full name of the Panama International Exposition is "Celebrating the Panama Canal". The "Opening of the Pacific Ocean" is a large-scale international exposition held by the U.S. Congress in San Francisco, California, to celebrate the opening of the Panama Canal. It was an unprecedented event, with 31 countries and 200,000 exhibit manufacturers and sample delivery units. Participating, exhibits were displayed in 11 exhibition halls including agriculture, industry, food, and horticulture. On the first day of the opening, the number of visitors reached 200,000, and the number of visitors during the entire exhibition period reached 19 million. It was the world-famous international expo in the 20th century. one.
? Fenjiu is the general name for the wine produced in Fenyang area. There are many specific wine names, but no matter what the name is, in the Yuan Dynasty and after, when it comes to Fenjiu, it can be called Xinghuacun wine. When it comes to Xinghuacun wine, It can be said to be Fenjiu. Fenjiu Group Company said in its promotional materials that Fenjiu had three glories: 1,500 years ago, Gao Zhan, Emperor Wucheng of the Northern Qi Dynasty, highly praised it and it was recorded in the Twenty-Four Histories, making Fenjiu famous in one fell swoop; in the late Tang Dynasty, Du Mu's "Qingming" poem was the masterpiece of the ages. Fenjiu became famous for the second time; in 1915, Fenjiu won the first-class gold medal at the Panama International Exposition and became a leader in China's brewing industry. In fact, the poem "Qingming" not only made Fenjiu famous for the second time, but also made Fenjiu deeply rooted in people's hearts through its integration with Xinghua Village.
? In contemporary times, Fenjiu Group produces many series of wines under the trademark "Xinghuacun". One series is directly called Xinghuacun. I don't know how good the quality is, but I'll be happy to try it.
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? Special note, some information comes from the Internet.