The novel tells the story of a cautious and proficient small businessman, Mr. Lin, who was oppressed by Japanese imperialism, blackmailed by Kuomintang officials and exploited by landlords and usurers. The oppression of these three mountains was the general trend. First, the authorities issued a policy of "sealing up Japanese goods" on the grounds of patriotism, which forced Mr. Lin to ask the president of the Chamber of Commerce to come forward and mediate. He had to exchange the gold collar and send 4 yuan to the party department. This was the franchise: "Just tear the Toyo trademark off.". However, the matter didn't end there. When the president of the Chamber of Commerce passed by the Lins' shop, he reminded Mr. Lin that you should decorate Director Bu's place a little, in case he was jealous and wanted to blackmail. Later, Axiu, the daughter of Mr. Lin, was "liked" by the director of the town, and wanted to marry her as a concubine. Mr. Lin didn't agree, so he was charged with "tearing down dirt and selling it * * *, trying to escape with a few dollars", and then he was detained by the county party department. In order to redeem the man, the Lins had to send 2 yuan as indicated by the president of the Chamber of Commerce, which brought Mr. Lin to the point of bankruptcy. Creation background

Lin Jiapu was published by Mao Dun in June 1932, when China was in an eventful autumn. Lin Jiapu and Spring Silkworm both describe the turbulent life before and after the "December 28th" Shanghai War in 1932. After the "December 28th", Mao Dun once returned to his hometown to stay. There, he saw with his own eyes that the claws of imperialist economic aggression had pushed the rural economy into bankruptcy, and the artillery fire of imperialist military aggression accelerated its collapse. The rural areas and small towns in the south of the Yangtze River, which used to be quite rich, presented a miserable scene of depression. All these left a deep impression on Mao Dun, and from this, he wrote the novel Lin Jiapu. Character introduction

Boss Lin

Boss Lin, who is the protagonist of this novel, is a small businessman with great personality. He is familiar with business and hard-working. Although he is in difficulties, he is still struggling to carry on his business. It can be said that he has to curry favor with the dignitaries for a living. He was the owner of the Lins' goods store and a typical representative of the national industrialists and businessmen at that time. Under the oppression of the "three mountains", Boss Lin was a tenacious man. He found cracks in the oppression of the three mountains and was reborn in the cracks. Although the Lins' shop encountered various difficulties, he always managed to make his business prosperous. Boss Lin was an honest and trustworthy man. Although he was short of money when Mrs. Zhu was always asking for accounts, he paid back the accounts for people to buy new year's goods. Shanghai people try their best to collect accounts for them when they come to ask for accounts. This little detail reflects his punctuality and trustworthiness, but at the same time, he is also an exploiter, exploiting people lower than him. For example, when he goes to Wang's house to ask for goods, he has no mercy, and his attitude towards the president is simply two completely opposite attitudes, which also reflects his bullying and fear of the hard. When he chose to escape later, he didn't care about the life of people who were more difficult than himself. He put down his debts and ran away alone. This is also the indirect reason for the children of Zhang's sister-in-law to be trampled to death. This is his exploitation side. The successful creation of the image of boss Lin in the novel proves from the side that the fate of Lin's shop is not the subjective will of people, but the inevitable result of society. In boss Lin's body, it fully embodies the cowardice and ignorance of the petty bourgeoisie. In the face of external attacks, it has not effectively resisted and responded, but only passively evaded.

Mrs. Lin

Mrs. Lin is the proprietress of this goods store. She is a loving mother who loves her daughter very much. He is reluctant to let Miss Lin suffer any injustice, but "proposed" to Director Park. She betrothed her daughter to Shousheng, which shows the noble traditional psychology of women in the old society who "would rather eat rough clothes than luxuriously eat as a concubine". In addition, the most impressive thing is Mrs. Lin's hiccups. The author describes dozens of hiccups in the novel, taking hiccups as the background of the ups and downs of the story. With the twists and turns of the story, each burp takes different forms. For example, when there is an emergency, "Mrs. Lin will burp like a barrage." Knowing that Director Park has a crush on Miss Lin, her neighbors can hear her burp clearly and try to suppress those burps, panting and saying. However, when the situation is favorable to the Lin family and when something is more comfortable for the family, the hiccups will be reduced. In the face of external blows, Mrs. Lin seems to be slightly better than boss Lin. Although she still can't get rid of ignorance, such as "praying for almost everything", she loves her daughter. In the face of Director Park's "proposal", she decisively betrothed her daughter to Shousheng, letting her husband take her away and choose to stay and deal with it. I have to say that Mrs. Lin is more decisive than boss Lin, and her courage is beyond the reach of ordinary women.

Miss Lin

Miss Lin is the only daughter of Boss Lin and Mrs. Lin. She grew up in a carefree environment and naturally developed a spoiled character, but her essence is good. She has an almost instinctive hatred for black pockmarked seeds and the like. When Mrs. Lin betrothed her to Shousheng, "there was a smile in her tears", and there was no hierarchy difference at all.

Shousheng

Shousheng is smart and loyal. He is the right-hand man of Lin's boss. When Lin's shop was closed, he had no illusions about the reactionary ruling clique at that time, which was a sign of his "weak" resistance. As for what to do after leaving, he had no "foresight", which was determined by his own limitations as a small shop assistant, but for him, Theme of Works Appreciation

Tragedy of Fate

Lin Jiapu shows that in the 193s, there were economic and military abuses by imperialists, oppression, squeezing, * * * and abuse by the reactionary regime of the Kuomintang, usury and exploitation by usurers, and * * * by peasants stripped by landlords and usurers. There are capitalist business depression and the competition, pressure and bankruptcy among the peers, the Kuomintang party sticks and their running dogs doing evil, the patriotism of the people and blind protests. All this is entangled in the bankruptcy process of the Lins' shop, and the Lins' shop and its owner are in this cobweb-like contradiction. All these contradictions and their interaction have caused the tragic fate of the Lins' shop and its owner.

Lin's Shop is a novel with high artistic value and social practical significance in Mao Dun's novels. By describing the story of a small town Lin's department store near Shanghai before and after the 28 th Incident, it successfully shaped a series of distinctive images of boss Lin, Mrs. Lin, Miss Lin and Shousheng with the characteristics of the times and personality, and exposed the darkness that made countless people unable to settle down in China in the early 193s. Mao Dun once said, "Literature is made to express life, and the life that writers want to express is by no means the life of one person and one family, but the life of a society and a nation." From his words to associate the tragedy of Lin Jiapu, it presents the social tragedy of the era epitomized by the collapse of Lin Jiapu. The whole novel is based on the stumbling of the existence of the Lins' shop, and outlines a miniature of the old society with the ups and downs of the plot as the content. It shows a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and small businessmen rely on sharing surplus value in the process of commodity circulation. They also have the exploiting class's selfish and mercenary nature. However, there are still great differences between small businessmen and the national bourgeoisie in terms of the funds and employees they have.

The national bourgeoisie is struggling in the predicament

At that time, it was the period when the Japanese imperialists stepped up their abuse of China and the ethnic contradictions became increasingly acute, which was the life background of the novel. However, the author can see from the reality at that time that the exploitation of the landlord class and usurers, as well as the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang, were also on the people of China. This kind of class contradiction is intertwined with ethnic contradictions and affects each other. It is not really to resist imperialist economic abuse, but to knock the bamboo pole; Instead of resisting the abusers, the army has borrowed from the people to do things. On the background of ethnic contradictions, the author vigorously exposes class contradictions and the dark rule of Kuomintang reactionaries. In this way, there are hideous party member in the novel, and there are poor farmers holding empty baskets. Others are like ghost bank managers. Mr. Wu, the shopkeeper of Yuchangxiang, and the president of the Chamber of Commerce, who always smiles, represent a group of dishonest bourgeoisie. The details such as the angry drinking of shop assistants, the "vain" of vendors in guest houses, and the snapping up of daily necessities by refugees also set off the miserable scene of the people in the old society. All these show that the work is based on the Lins' shop, which deeply reveals the class contradictions in China at that time. Therefore, the significance of the work is not only how unlucky and doomed Mr. Lin, a small commercial capitalist. The same is true. Although Mr. Lin finally fled, the incident did not end. The incident has affected others: small creditors Zhu Santai, widow Zhang and so on. Mr. Lin is bankrupt, and they are on the verge of hunger; The party sticks ignored the people's sufferings and oppressed them, and finally drove Zhang widow crazy. The author wrote the tragedy of small shopkeepers and the tragic life of ordinary people. The work takes Mr. Lin, a small commercial capitalist, as the protagonist, and writes about his tragic fate, that is, from the perspective of literature reflecting life, it puts forward the question of where the national capitalists go. The novel truly reproduces the plight of the national bourgeoisie struggling in semi-feudal and semi-colonial old China, which objectively prompts such an idea; The national bourgeoisie must also rise up and join the people of the whole country in opposing the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang; Because of its own oppression, the bourgeoisie has the possibility to participate in the national revolution.

The author's profound vision and in-depth brushwork come from his careful and keen insight into society. Only when we have a correct and comprehensive understanding of society can we just select the most representative and typical things from the "complicated social phenomena" and express our profound theme. In this way, the ideological significance of the novel is extremely profound and closely linked with reality. Artistic technique

The expressive technique of Lin Jiapu is determined by the life content it reflects-the relationship between social conditions and class contradictions at that time. Because of the complexity of the contradiction in reality at that time, the author used tortuous plots to reflect it. The novel not only gives readers the profound connotation of social analysis and the creation of a successful artistic image, but also enables readers to understand the basic mode of commercial economy in old China villages and towns, the management methods of commodity sales, the promotion methods, the complex relationship between the public and the public, and the tragic fate in the background of the times from Mr. Lin's commercial economic activities.

suspense opening

The beginning is the threshold to enter the novel world, the threshold to enter the word world, and the threshold to cross into the fictional world of the author. The beginning of "Lin Jiapu" begins with suspense, which begins with Miss Lin's anger and Aunt Lin's unusual behavior, and directly expounds the novel background and social contradictions. Later, in the gradual description of the first chapter, the suspense gradually becomes clear, and it begins to pave the way for the narrative of subsequent stories. This opening opens a wonderful wedge for the whole novel. At the end of the novel, it was a bit unexpected. I thought it would end with the description of the fate of the Lins, but in the end it ended with the fate of an unknown widow. It seems to end with a character who has not appeared several times in the novel, which is a bit off topic and misses the point. Actually, it is not! Widow Zhang is an image of a woman who has suffered tragic fate many times in her novels. From her husband's death in the war, to being insulted by the police, to her only son's death in panic and violence, finally, the only one who was alive had to become a crying, screaming, fast-running madman with scattered hair. She was hit hard again and again, and this thin and weak woman became a victim of the dark society. The author uses the writing style of shifting characters to describe from multiple angles, so that readers can find out the * * * in many characters and deeply explore the ultimate reason for this law, leaving readers more room for thinking and enhancing the significance and value of the novel.

suspense plot

The plot of the novel is ups and downs, interlocking and full of twists and turns. At the beginning of the novel, it was written that Miss Lin pursed her lips when she came back from school, did not do what she usually did, and set a suspense: "When she heard her daughter coming back, she would waddle over and ask her if she was hungry ... but today, there was a voice in her mother's room ..." These extremely abnormal actions added suspense to the plot of the novel, which fascinated readers to continue reading. Then, in the first chapter of the novel, I found a central word with the highest frequency-Oriental goods, from which I got the answer. It turned out that the "December 28th" Shanghai War broke out, and the people of China unanimously boycotted Japanese goods to show their indignation and hatred for Japanese imperialism. Miss Lin, who grew up in a national bourgeois family, of course has better living conditions than the average person and wears better clothes, such as foreign goods. As the opening of the novel, the contradiction of this incident laid the foundation for the intensification of contradictions and other contradictions in the following text. In the first chapter, Mr. Lin received a letter, which said that if Ming Xiu (Miss Lin) wore clothes made in the east to school tomorrow, they would burn them! From this sentence, the seriousness of the plot has been fully seen, and the ups and downs of the novel have also begun. Because the Chinese people boycotted Japanese goods, it also implicated the Lins' shop business on the verge of collapse. In the second chapter, the problems caused by the first chapter continue to be extended, which not only leads to the failure to sell the Lins' things, but also leads to creditors coming to collect debts one by one, and others can't pay back what they owe him. This vicious circle intensifies the waves of the plot and develops one by one. In the third chapter, the contradiction tends to ease. Mr. Lin tried every means, such as "one-dollar store", "big sale" and "1% discount according to the code", to make the business in the store have a breakthrough improvement and let people see the dawn of hope. The appearance of "Dang" after "Dang" makes the novel have a breakthrough development. In the fourth chapter, the author arranged for Shousheng (the buddy of the Lins' shop) to come back, which seems a bit "late". The essence is to set a long-term suspense, so that readers can continue reading with doubts about Shousheng's whereabouts. Although Shousheng has recovered all the debts in Shanghai, he still can't pay off the customers' money. So the problem appeared again. This time, the problem is not without a solution. In the fifth chapter, the author sets a dramatic change. Director Bu, who will be 4 years old, wants to marry Miss Lin as his wife and want her to give birth to his son. If he doesn't agree, the "good days" will be over. This dilemma makes the Lins restless up and down. In the sixth chapter, the Lins finally made a choice. Although they understood the truth that "whoever has power is right", their parents firmly chose the latter for the family's future and the happiness of their children and grandchildren, reflecting the family view and family view shown by the Chinese people at that time in times of crisis. The seventh chapter finally ends with Mrs. Lin and Shousheng being in trouble and the Lins' shop closing down. Thousands of words in the whole novel, with concise and clear words, quickly promoted the plot of the novel and summarized the common phenomenon in society at that time. The ending of the novel seems to be an accident.