1. What does string labeling mean?

What does string labeling mean? What exactly are stringing labels, string labeling, and accompanying labels?

"Bidding rigging" is a phenomenon that is highly concealed, deceptive and harmful in the bidding process. It is an alliance formed between bidding units, or even between bidding units and bidding units, driven by interests. an alliance of interests.

This phenomenon is particularly prominent in the construction market. It is mainly manifested in the alliance of part or all of the bidding units to raise the quotation, which damages the interests of the bidding unit and is difficult to verify. What is egregious in nature is that the bidding unit and the bidding unit reach a power-for-money transaction, which is tacitly approved and carefully arranged through the pre-qualification review, making the phenomena of "bid rigging" and "bid rigging" possible.

It violates the principles of good faith and competition, hinders the healthy development of the bidding market, and becomes a breeding ground for corruption. Bidding rigging and bidding rigging can generally be summarized into two situations: (1) The bidding unit colludes with the bidding unit and the bidding unit operates privately, using various means to do their best, and the bidding unit has selected the intended bidder before entering the bidding process. units, and then enter the physical construction market to go through the motions, making the bidding system a mere formality.

Some companies invest a lot of effort in finding business. In order to obtain the private commitment of the construction unit, they use all kinds of tricks, establish emotional connections, and socialize in various ways. The result is bound to be a waste of a lot of manpower, material resources, and financial resources. . (2) Collusion among bidders. Each bidder agrees before bidding which bidder will win the bid, and the other bidders will accompany the bidder. Then the winning bidder will distribute a certain proportion or a certain amount of "reasonable profit" to each of the bidders as co-bidders. remuneration.

Generally speaking, the agreements between the parties have a certain degree of long-term contract nature, and once formed, this form will become a "hidden rule" recognized by everyone. The concept of "accompanying the standard" is typical.

What is an accompanying bid? A public administration agency or public enterprise is the bidding unit, and A has privately discussed with the agency or unit at what price (a low price formed through corruption) to take away the resource or project, but national law requires that the resource or project be taken through bidding. Methods for transfer and subcontracting. It is not difficult for them to arrange for B, C, and D merchants, who do not really bid, to make false bids.

At the same time, the bidding information sending, time arrangement and other aspects are deliberately designed to make it difficult for the public (including merchants who are really willing and likely to participate in the bidding) to know and make it difficult to participate. In this way, A and the accompanying bidders B, C, and D form multiple bidding entities, giving the bidding activity a legal appearance.

Of course, the work of the bidders is not in vain. A not only has to bear the various expenses for their participation in the false bidding, but also pays them a certain number of points or a proportion of remuneration. Points or proportions have even formed industry regulations. Take the "Tendering and Bidding Law" that took effect on January 1, 2000 as an example. Article 53 of the law stipulates: If bidders collude with each other in bidding or with the tenderee, the bidder shall If the tenderee or a member of the bid evaluation committee bribes to win the bid, the bid will be invalid and a fine of not less than 5% but not more than 10% of the amount of the winning bid will be imposed; if there are illegal gains, a certain amount of illegal gains shall also be imposed; if the circumstances are serious, Their qualifications to participate in bidding for projects that require bidding in accordance with the law for one to two years will be canceled and announced, until the business license is revoked by the industrial and commercial administrative authorities; if a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility will be pursued in accordance with the law.

If you cause losses to others, you will be liable for compensation in accordance with the law. Let’s look at Article 223 of the Criminal Law: Bidders who collude with each other in bidding and quoting, harming the interests of the tenderer or other bidders, if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than 3 years or criminal detention, and shall also or solely be fined.

If a bidder colludes with the tenderee to bid and harms the legitimate rights and interests of the state, collectives or citizens, he shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. From the analysis of these substantive legal regulations alone, we will find that collusive bidding is something with extremely low legal risks and huge benefits.

If found guilty of colluding with bids or bribing bid evaluators, they will only be fined less than 1% of the total amount; if the circumstances are more serious, the bidder will be disqualified for one or two years. Even if it is serious enough to constitute a crime, it will only be in prison or short-term imprisonment of not more than 3 years.

A prison sentence of less than 3 years may be suspended, but the person may not be detained and may continue to do business.

In the more developed areas of our country, theft of 1,000 yuan falls into the "larger amount" category and constitutes the crime of theft, which is also punishable by imprisonment or criminal detention of not more than 3 years.

In comparison, how "cost-effective" collusive bidding is! Moreover, even if it is done, it is difficult to detect, just like bribery and adultery. From the perspective of procedural specifications and implementation mechanisms, even minor legal responsibilities are difficult to achieve.

You can judge by checking how many such cases have been published. There is no need to use any economic analysis legal theory, no need to use any "benefit (cost-benefit) analysis" attribution principle, or even study the relevant facts. It can be judged only from the norms themselves that the current system has serious flaws.

What does rigging of bids mean in bidding?

Hello, bidding means that in a fair environment, there are multiple bidders for the project budget of a certain project. In order to obtain the construction rights of the project, a certain company (bidder) prevents Bidding in other units' tenders, with a certain company as the main one, negotiates the bidding amount of the project with each other, forming a group to facilitate oneself to harm others, deceive the construction unit (the bidder), and achieve one's own interests, which is called String labeling.

Collusion between bidding units or between bidding units and bidding units to defraud bids is called bid rigging. Bidding rigging is a speculative behavior whose root cause is the lack of integrity in the engineering construction field and even in society as a whole. Due to the integrity issues of governments, enterprises, and the public, various bad and illegal behaviors are common in project construction, and bidding compliance is only one of them.

1. Bidding collusion between bidders. The bidders mutually agree to raise or lower the bid price; the bidders agree with each other to quote high, medium and low prices in the bidding project. The bidders first conduct an internal "bidding", and the winning bidder is determined by default. Then participate in the bidding; after a certain bidder gives appropriate financial compensation to other bidders, the bids of these bidders will be organized by them, and no matter who wins the bid, they will be contracted.

2. Bidding rigging between bidders and tenderers. The tenderer opens the bidding documents before the bid opening and informs other bidders of the bidding situation, or assists the bidders to remove the bidding documents and change the quotation; the tenderer discloses the bottom bid to the bidders; the tenderer agrees to lower or raise the bid price when bidding, and the bid is won. Later, additional compensation will be given to the bidder or tenderer. The tenderer determines the winning bidder in advance; the tenderer tailors the bidding documents for a specific bidder and excludes other bidders.

I hope my answer will be helpful to you. If you have any other unclear questions, Boxiao Jingwei will be happy to help you.

What are the meanings of bid-rigging and bid-rigging? What are the differences between them?

Meaning: Bid-rigging is also called collusive bidding, which refers to the relationship between the bidder and the bidder. Occasionally or between bidders, improper means are used to collude on bidding matters in order to squeeze out competitors or harm the interests of the bidder.

Collusion between bidding units or between bidding units and tendering units to defraud bids is called bid rigging. Bidding rigging is a speculative behavior whose root cause is the lack of integrity in the engineering construction field and even in society as a whole.

Difference:

1. Each has different forms of expression: This kind of unfair competition is to squeeze out other competitors through unfair means in order to achieve a certain stakeholder winning the bid. , so as to seek benefits.

2. Different meanings: When bid-rigging occurs, it will break the completely free competition in the construction project trading market and form an oligopoly conspiracy in the construction project market. When one or several bidders pass the bid-rigging Or when a project is monopolized by bid-rigging, the bid will definitely be raised based on its interests, causing damage to the tenderer.

3. Different communication forms: the main manifestations are: the bidders agree with each other to unanimously raise or lower the bidding price; the bidders agree with each other to take turns to bid at high or low prices in the bidding project Winning bid; bidders first conduct internal bidding, and the winning bidder is determined by default, and then participate in the bidding.

Extended information

Classification of bid-rigging behavior

1. Bid-rigging between bidders: The bidders mutually agree to raise or lower the bid price; < /p>

3. After a certain bidder gives appropriate financial compensation to other bidders, the bids of these bidders will be organized by it, and whoever wins the bid will be contracted by it.

Sogou Encyclopedia - Bid Rigging

Sogou Encyclopedia - Bid Rigging

What does bidding rigging mean in bidding?

Hello, bidding means that in a fair environment, there are multiple bidders for the project budget of a certain project. In order to obtain the construction rights of the project, a certain company (bidder) prevents Bidding in other units' tenders, with a certain company as the main one, negotiates the bidding amount of the project with each other, forming a group to facilitate oneself to harm others, deceive the construction unit (the bidder), and achieve one's own interests, which is called String labeling. Bidding rigging occurs when bidding units or bidding units and bidding units collude with each other to defraud and win bids. Bidding rigging is a speculative behavior whose root cause is the lack of integrity in the engineering construction field and even in society as a whole. Due to the integrity issues of governments, enterprises and the public, various bad and illegal behaviors are common in project construction, and bid-rigging is just one of them.

1. Bidding collusion between bidders. The bidders mutually agree to raise or lower the bid price; the bidders mutually agree to quote high, medium and low prices in the bidding project. The bidders first conduct an internal "bidding" and decide on the winning bidder. Then participate in the bidding; after a certain bidder gives appropriate financial compensation to other bidders, the bids of these bidders will be organized by them, and no matter who wins the bid, they will be contracted.

2. Bidding rigging between bidders and tenderers. The tenderer opens the bidding documents before the bid opening and informs other bidders of the bidding situation, or assists the bidders to remove the bidding documents and change the quotation; the tenderer discloses the bottom bid to the bidders; the tenderer agrees to lower or raise the bid price when bidding, and the bid is won. Later, additional compensation will be given to the bidder or tenderer. The tenderer determines the winning bidder in advance; the tenderer tailors the bidding documents for a specific bidder and excludes other bidders.

I hope my answer will be helpful to you. If you have any other unclear questions, Boxiao Jingwei will be happy to help you.

Does NIKE have overalls? What does string labeling mean?

Yes, Nike produces a variety of overalls, and you can also find overalls on sale at Nike’s official flagship store.

Labeling is to line up the brand's logo in a line, and then place it on the clothes from the shoulder to the sleeve, or on the side of the pants.

The Nike logo is a small hook. Nike has always regarded it as its glorious mission to inspire every athlete in the world and provide them with the best products.

Extended information:

"Logo-tagging" (literally a social speculative crime), graphics or letters representing the brand logo are presented on nylon webbing in a non-overlapping series Become a trend mark of an era.

As the representative brand of "standard-matching" Track Suit sportswear, the Italian sports veteran Kappa Banda series was launched in 1980. The brand's classic Omini (gemini) icon has also become the originator of "standard-matching" design.

This world-famous visual symbol originated from the photographer’s unintentional capture of male and female models sitting down and resting during work breaks. Kappa signed a contract to sponsor the Italian Juventus Football Club in 1981, and then successfully sponsored the U.S. national track and field team participating in the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, making the Banda series popular from celebrities to amateurs, and also led the Sportswear signature webbing craze at that time. .

NIKE official flagship store