Journal of Environmental Investigation IV Previous and Next Published by: Fudan University | Published at 19: 26 on September 1, 28 Day 4: August 6, 28 Shady location: People near a coal mine in Xuangang: Dafan, Boss Shi, Xiao Fan, Mao Ge, and I The cause of the incident: Investigation and practice of the incident: Due to listening to the sound of pulling coal all night at night, Before I got back to reality, I was taken to a village by Fan Dad's driver. Everyone got off the station and entered the mountain pass. The driver's uncle left before we could turn around and say goodbye. I looked at the looming mountain road blankly, thinking about the thrill of Xiao Fan and Brother Cat being hung on the mountain yesterday, and measuring the danger of today's trip. Finally came to the target mountain, and the road was a little bumpy. For the sake of safety, I took the love stone I found the day before, and followed everyone with both hands and feet. In front of me was Boss Shi, who seemed to be very bad, because the other three people had disappeared from my sight. By the time I stood panting in front of the first quadrat, Mao Ge was already catching grasshoppers Happy. Under the influence of Mao Ge Pioneer, we started the quadrat measurement. Looking at the half-dead plants on the ground, I wondered a little: can this place be measured? Suddenly a voice appeared behind me. Although I was startled, I got the answer. Just missing Dafen classmate said scientifically: This is a grass with extremely poor vitality! Indeed, they are all dead. We are familiar with a series of tasks, such as drawing quadrats, blasting, random sampling, collecting plants, catching grasshoppers and recording. Finish the same work as we did yesterday quickly, and then hit the road. The road is even more difficult to walk, probably to avoid the ordinary road that farmers have taken, and we copied it all the way. In fact, just don't walk, just grab the grass and climb up. Mao Ge followed Dafan, swishing up, and Xiao Fan was rescued and went up smoothly. I was a little depressed, looking up at Mao Ge and Dafan, and with the help of their sticks, I was pulled up. Just when I looked back and wanted to find Boss Shi, the boss was gone. I was terrified, because the boss always followed the threesome silently, but this time … thinking about it, I saw a familiar white hat floating in front of me, and it was boss Shi! It turned out that the boss found another way and walked up openly. Also, the road of Dafan Belt is really quite exhausting. If it were during the Anti-Japanese War, Dafan would be fully qualified for the glorious mission of leading the way for the devils. I patted the soil on my body, and when I was ready to settle down here for measurement, I found that everyone had already climbed another soil slope, and suddenly realized that the distance between the two measuring points needed 5 meters. It's still the same way, I followed them fatally, and I got covered in dirt, so I just didn't bother to shoot again and climbed. Suddenly, I found that among the three people in front, I couldn't see the figure of Boss Shi, and I knew that Boss Shi had completely parted ways with them, because they really didn't call the road. I searched for the slightly heavy figure of the stone boss, and unexpectedly found that the stone boss's other way turned out to be extremely quick and convenient. Boss Shi appeared two or three slopes away from us, dressed in white and standing alone. I regret it. I regret why I didn't follow Boss Shi to the Yangguan Road and climbed the wooden bridge here. Just as I was feeling sorry for myself, we came to the second measuring point. Repeating the same division of labor and tasks as the first time, we finished the work in ten minutes. Strangely, birds have never been heard here, and there are only common moths and grasshoppers in the grass in front of us. Think about it, it seems that the ecological situation is the worst in our three mountains. The weather has remained unchanged, similar to the climate and environment of the previous days, but animal activities have decreased significantly. On the road, run to the third sampling point. In fact, our main time is spent on driving, but the measurement is very fast. In the crowd's amazement, Boss Shi took the lead in reaching the summit. Everyone complimented Boss Shi, saying that he had achieved great lightness and gave him a nickname: "Floating on the grass". On the way, we saw a mule eating grass. I also seriously thought about whether to count it as one of the animals we visited. Later, Mao Ge kindly reminded me that we only visit wild insects. The mule was put on the mountain by farmers to eat grass. At the top of the mountain, the scenery is good, so after pulling the square, everyone is ready to rest for a while before working. Everyone sat together and began to give directions, except me. Unfortunately, I found that there was a sunflower field with butter and oil about 3 meters further. I've coveted it for a long time, but I can't get close to it because of bee harassment. When I came back angrily, everyone was still talking about it, as if to return the pearl to XX, but I didn't catch it. Looking at the horse manure at my feet, I am speechless. When everyone is tired of talking, the work begins. It was less than eight o'clock, and with the cries of "a moth" and "a grasshopper" one after another, the measurement of our third point began ... The result of the incident: the investigation was successfully completed, but on the way home, we got lost, and Boss Shi was the most fascinated.

diary of the investigation in the Three Rivers (June 11th): Continued faith, spirit and culture-Mani Stone in Xinzhai

The most famous cultural attractions in Yushu County are the three Jiegu temples, Mani Stone in Xinzhai and Princess Wencheng Temple.

After breakfast, come and visit Jiegu Temple on Dongjiegu Mountain in Jiegu Town, Yushu. Jiegu Temple is the main temple of Sakya Sect in Qinghai Province, which is called "Jiegu Dunzhu Leng" in Tibetan, meaning "Jiegu Yizhou". Lecture Hall, Dazhao Hall, Maitreya Hall, Jiana and Wenbao Living Buddha Hall all have their own characteristics. Jiegu Temple, located on the hillside north of Jiegu Town, is famous for its magnificent architecture, numerous monks, rich cultural relics and many monks and disciples in Tibetan areas of China. The whole temple is built according to the mountain, and the temples and monasteries are scattered and towering above the hills. In Yushu county, you can see the temples coming from the past, and in the temples, you can see the changing cities below. The temples and cities reflect each other, and the cities decorate the scenery of the temples, and the temples decorate the dreams of the cities. Although this is a prestigious temple, the surrounding environment is really flattering. The residence of the Lama is mixed with the residence of the people, and the road to the temple is also very congested, and there is no sanitation facilities.

There are majestic temples on the mountain, and there are continuous Mani stones at the foot of the mountain. The Mani Stone Pile in Jiegu Temple is famous in the world. In his later years, the living Buddha of the First Sega settled in xinzhai village in the east of the town, where he built the Mani Pile, which was called "Jiana Mani Pile" and "Xinzhai Mani Pile". With the passage of time, the Mani stone pile here is getting bigger and bigger. Over the past 2 years, more than 2.6 billion Mani stones have been piled up. The Mani stone pile, which is engraved with the six-character mantra "Ah Ma Ba Mi", is called "the largest Mani pile in the world" and has become an outstanding representative of Tibetan religious culture. 2.6 billion yuan, which means 2.6 billion person-times. In the past 2 years, I have visited this sacred place and written my blessings and prayers on stones, which has also been written into history. Moreover, it is increasing at a rate of 2, pieces every day, with nearly 1 million pieces a year. With the rapid development of tourism in Yushu, this record will be continuously broken.

Mani Stone Piles show us a continuous culture, a living culture, which is not only coming from the past, but also heading for the future, bearing a continuous belief and life. It is in this way that Tibetan compatriots convey the message of life and civilization, which is both life and religious belief.

After leaving Jiegu Temple, our next stop is Longbaotan Nature Reserve. It is located about 8 kilometers southwest of Jiegu Town, the capital of Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. This is a long and narrow valley about 1 kilometers long and 3 kilometers wide. On both sides of the valley are towering, confronting, undulating mushroom-shaped mountains. Between the two mountains, there is a vast and flat swamp meadow with a quiet and elegant natural environment. Longbaotan, with an altitude of more than 4,2 meters, has a cold climate, humid habitat, abundant rainfall, circuitous streams and swamps everywhere, and belongs to a typical swamp meadow and alpine meadow area.

In the middle of the beach, numerous Koizumi, criss-crossing streams and dotted biogas pools cut the grass beach into numerous large and small sandbars and isolated "islands", so wild animals can't get close. There are all kinds of rich aquatic plants growing on the island, and there are many amphibians, reptiles and molluscs in the ponds and streams around the island. Unique natural conditions and ecological environment create favorable conditions for birds to inhabit and multiply. Every spring and summer, black-necked cranes fly here from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to breed.

Although this is a national nature reserve, the facilities and management are very backward, especially the facilities and equipment are lacking, and there are no obvious boundary markers. You can see black-necked cranes in pairs through high-powered telescopes, but you can also see yaks in groups. Because there are no guardrails and other facilities, and the ecological environment is relatively good, and there are too many cattle and sheep in the local people, these cattle and sheep often go deep into the core area of the reserve and encroach on the habitat of black-necked cranes.

Compared with Guoluo, the scale of Yushu's tourism resources is smaller, but the cultural elements are more abundant, the altitude is reduced, and the comfort is improved.

diary of Xinjiang energy and environment investigation

diary of p>9.24

this afternoon, I came to Xinjiang with sunny and boundless Gobi from foggy Beijing.

Today, on the taxi from the airport to the Xinjiang Nature Conservation Fund Office, I met two people from Karamay Petroleum Bureau. They went to mainland cities to recruit graduates. From their talk, I could feel the vigorous development of the oil industry.

In the office of Xinjiang Nature Conservation Fund, I was warmly received by Wu Chen and Cheng Ying. Wang Peng, who came from CNOOC and participated in this meeting and made part of the inspection with me, specially brought several strong Sichuan snacks (husband and wife lung slices, chicken heart and rabbit meat) from Chengdu, and Wu Chen sent porridge, so the first meal in Xinjiang was quite warm.

According to Wu Chen, the local unity in Xinjiang is still higher than development, so many people are conservative. Take him as an example. Before our last inspection, he didn't think of paying attention to the oil field, although the energy development in Xinjiang is already in full swing. He believes that most departments in Xinjiang will not think of paying attention to anything beyond their authority. This point will be seen in later life.

According to the recommendation of Xinjiang Nature Conservation Fund, it is planned to meet A?vagho?a, a teacher from Xinjiang Institute of Geography and Ecology, China Academy of Sciences, on the morning of 25th to learn about the influence of Xinjiang's geological conditions and oil development on Xinjiang's local animals, and then meet Li Weidong, a teacher from the Environmental Education Center of Xinjiang Autonomous Region Environmental Protection Bureau, to learn about the current technical conditions and environmental protection investment of the oilfield through the oil field environmental protection acceptance project he has done. In the evening, I went to see Wu Wenming of Northwest Exploration and Design Institute of Sinopec, who is a logging engineer in the design institute, and asked him to help introduce some friends in Tahe Oilfield, because according to the preliminary plan, we intend to choose Tahe Oilfield in luntai county as a main focus of this investigation and stay there for two or three days, hoping to get a relatively comprehensive understanding of all aspects of a large oilfield in Xinjiang.

9.25 Diary

I went to see Teacher A?vagho?a with Wang Peng and Cheng Ying this morning. Teacher Ma is now mainly engaged in falcon research, and studies the species changes of this raptor in recent ten years from an ecological perspective. The habitat of Xinjiang falcon is mainly Zhungeer basin and other areas in northern Xinjiang, which is also the location of oil and gas reservoirs. Because Mr. Ma has done a lot of research on the geology and geography of these areas. Falcons are sought after by nobles and rich people in Arab countries, so poaching and poaching are very serious. A good falcon can fetch $1, in the Arab world. With the rise of oil price and the increase of petrodollars in Arab countries, this phenomenon of poaching in the surrounding areas of Zhungeer Basin in Xinjiang has been repeatedly banned. Due to the ban of China Customs, this behavior has become more hidden and difficult to count.

After listening to our questions, Mr. Ma talked about the impact of environmental changes on falcons from the perspective of oil development:

First, these areas are important storage bases for oil (Flame Mountain) and coal, and toxic substances from oil development will poison this raptor along the food chain after being discarded by prey of falcons such as rats and birds.

Secondly, in oil cities such as Karamay, birds are often soaked in oil pools in oil well sites, not only drinking poisonous water, but also feathers stained with oil can no longer fly.

Thirdly, due to overgrazing in these areas, the range and intensity of livestock activities have increased, which leads to grassland degradation and the living area of some birds has become smaller. Moreover, Han people can dig out eggs, but Uighurs have a strong awareness of protecting wild animals, and they don't eat eggs and wild birds.

fourthly, the water resources in northern Xinjiang are relatively abundant, and no obvious change in groundwater level has been felt during several years of research.

Fifth, in the research, I feel that the primary goal of local governments is to develop the economy, and their awareness of protecting these wild animals is very weak. It has happened that local governments can help hunt falcons because the rich in Arab countries pay back some money.

In the morning, I visited Mr. Li Weidong, who is a staff member of Xinjiang Environmental Education Center and has done many environmental analysis and evaluation projects in oil fields. In his view, the energy strategy that Xinjiang is mainly implementing now is energy substitution, that is, replacing coal with less polluting oil and natural gas as residents' living energy. However, he believes that these fossil energy sources are non-renewable, and there is a huge demand for these energy sources in the mainland. After several years of exploitation, they have finally entered a stage of exhaustion. Moreover, a life that adapts to the use of these energy sources will form energy dependence.

Therefore, he suggested that in areas where the ecosystem is acceptable and self-renewing, farmers and herdsmen at the village level can use fuelwood, but we should examine the ability and capacity of environmental renewal, which are needed for the renewal of the ecosystem, or it is a waste. Although some areas have begun to use wind energy and solar energy, it is still difficult to popularize it for a while because of regional and high cost restrictions.

In terms of what we can pay attention to, he suggested that we should consider it from a more macro and strategic perspective. What is the government's energy strategy in Xinjiang? What kind of suggestions can you give from the relevant angle of investigation?

For Tahe Oilfield, where we decided to choose the site, he specifically pointed out that I can pay attention to the following aspects from the environmental point of view: First, the groundwater separated from oil exploitation is seriously mineralized and polluted, so it can only be reinjected into the ground, but after reinjection, if it is reinjected shallowly, it will pollute the groundwater. Secondly, the pollution problem of Tarim River can not be ignored because of the upstream oil exploitation, chemical industry and other industrial and domestic sewage. The large amount of water used in the upper reaches also caused the water level in the middle and lower reaches to drop, and Hu Yangmu died, which is also the reason why the water level in Lop Nur slowly dropped and eventually dried up for decades.

However, he also mentioned that in the process of oil exploitation, the general principle is that the water produced from what layer is reinjected to what layer, and the average oil well is thousands of meters deep, so whether the reinjected water affects the groundwater quality and what layer it affects remains to be studied.

In the afternoon, I first met Wang Xiuling, a teacher who studied the giant salamander in Xinjiang Normal University. She started in 1989.