metalworking oil is a product used for the purpose of improving the surface smoothness, machinability, tool life, and rust resistance of processed products during metal processing. Metal processing oil is an oil product to reduce the high heat and metal dross caused by the mutual contact of machines in the production process. Therefore, the processing oil should have good lubricity, so it is also called cutting oil, lubricating oil, processing oil, etc.

1) Lubrication

Metalworking oil can form a lubricating film between the surface of the tool and the workpiece, which can reduce or avoid the direct contact between the tool and the workpiece, reduce the friction and adhesion, thus reducing the wear of the tool and improving the machining quality of the workpiece surface.

2) Cooling

During the cutting process, the metalworking oil flowing out of the cutting area takes away a lot of heat, thus reducing the temperature of the workpiece and the cutter, improving the durability of the cutter, reducing thermal deformation and improving the machining accuracy. However, metalworking oil has little effect on the interface between tool and chip. Experiments show that metalworking oil can only reduce the high temperature area of the interface between tool and chip, but can not reduce the maximum temperature. The general pouring method mainly cools the chip. If metalworking oil is sprayed to the back of the tool pair, it will have a better cooling effect on the tool and workpiece.

3) Cleaning

During turning, milling, grinding and drilling, metalworking oil is often poured and sprayed to clean the chips and sundries on the lathe and take them away.

4) Rust prevention

Some metalworking oils are added with rust prevention additives, which can react with the metal surface to form a protective film, thus playing a role in rust prevention.