On the basis of law, Shang Yang promoted a series of strict laws, emphasizing the authority and fairness of the law. He advocated the rule of law, and believed that only through law can the orderly management of society and the long-term stability of the country be realized. Therefore, he formulated a series of detailed laws, involving administrative management, field management, tax collection, military management and so on. , so that national governance has rules to follow and laws to follow.

Shang Yang attached importance to agricultural development and implemented a series of policies that were beneficial to agricultural production. He advocated attaching importance to agriculture and restraining business, and believed that agriculture was the foundation of national economic development and should be given priority and support. Therefore, he carried out a series of policies to reduce farmers' burden, such as reducing taxes and allowing land to be bought and sold freely, in order to stimulate farmers' enthusiasm for production and promote the development of agriculture.

Shang Yang carried out the county system and strengthened the management and control of local governments. He divided the whole country into several counties, set up county magistrate and county official positions, and realized effective management and control of the localities. This system design laid the foundation for the later county system, which enabled the central government to better control local administration and strengthen national unity and stability.

In the reform, Shang Yang attached great importance to the selection of talents, and implemented the 20-grade knighthood system, granting knighthood and field residence according to the size of military achievements, in order to encourage the army to enhance its combat effectiveness. This talent selection mechanism breaks the hereditary privilege of nobles, makes talents stand out and injects new vitality into the development of the country.

Significance of Shang Yang's political reform;

1, Shang Yang's political reform strengthened centralization. By promoting the county system and strengthening the central bureaucratic system, Shang Yang's political reform successfully concentrated power and strengthened the authority and control of the central government. This trend of centralization laid the foundation for the later feudal society, enabling the state to better control local administration and safeguard social stability and national unity.

2. Shang Yang's political reform promoted economic development. Shang Yang's reform encouraged agricultural development, and improved farmers' enthusiasm and production efficiency by reducing taxes and allowing land to be bought and sold freely. These measures not only improved agricultural productivity, but also laid a solid foundation for later industrialization. In addition, Shang Yang's political reform also inhibited the development of commerce, thus making agriculture the main pillar of national economic development.

3. Shang Yang's political reform improved the combat effectiveness of the army. Shang Yang's political reform carried out the system of 20 titles, and awarded titles to Tian Zhai according to the size of military achievements to encourage the army to improve its combat effectiveness. This reward mechanism inspired the soldiers' fighting spirit, improved the combat effectiveness of the army, and made Qin stand out among the vassal states at that time, which laid the foundation for the later unification of China.