According to the classification standards of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Association for Mental Retardation (AAMD), mental disabilities are classified according to intelligence quotient (IQ) and social adaptive behavior.
Details are as follows:
(1) first-degree mental disability (extremely severe): IQ value is below 20 or 25. The adaptive behavior is very poor, and the face is obviously dull; All life needs the care of others; Motor sensory function is extremely poor, such as through training, only in the lower limbs, hands, jaw movement.
(2) Secondary mental disability (severe): IQ is between 20 and 35 or 25 and 40. Poor adaptive behavior; Life ability is difficult to take care of itself even after training, and it still needs the care of others; Sports and language development are poor, and the ability to communicate with people is also poor.
(3) Grade III mental disability (moderate): IQ is between 30 and 50 or 40 and 55, and the adaptive behavior is incomplete; Incomplete practical skills, such as being able to take care of themselves and do simple housework; Have preliminary knowledge of health and safety, but poor reading and computing skills; Poor ability to distinguish the surrounding environment, able to communicate with people simply.
(4) Grade IV mental disability (mild): IQ is between 50 and 70 or 55 and 75. Adaptive behavior is lower than the average person's level; Have considerable practical skills, such as self-care, can undertake general housework or work, but lack skills and creativity; Generally can adapt to the society under the guidance; After special education, you can acquire certain reading and computing skills; Have a good ability to distinguish the surrounding environment and communicate with people normally.
A child with intellectual disability refers to a child whose intellectual development is lower than the average level of children of the same age during the growth period (before 18 years old) and accompanied by obvious difficulties in adapting to social life. It can be seen that judging whether a child is mentally retarded must be considered from three aspects: intelligence, social adaptability and age, all of which are indispensable.
Extended data
Children's intelligence judgment method:
1, the degree of intelligence can be expressed by IQ.
The IQ of children with intellectual disabilities must be lower than two standard deviations of the average value of individual intelligence tests or the percentage level of intelligence test results should be lower than 3.
The average intelligence level of ordinary people is 100, and the standard deviation of China Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children is 15. If the IQ of a child measured by this scale is lower than 70, or the IQ obtained by intelligence test is not as good as that of 97% children of the same age, it can be suspected that the child has mental retardation.
2. Social adaptability
The judgment of children's social adaptability depends on the social adaptation behavior test. If the child's IQ is below 70, it is also difficult to adapt to society, which can be considered as mental retardation. Otherwise, even if a child's IQ is below 70 and his social adaptability is normal, then the child should not be regarded as mentally retarded.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-intellectual disability
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-intellectual disability standard