Trademarks are very common in foreign trademarks. It is the abbreviation of English trade mark, which means "business mark" in Chinese, so TM means "trademark". Its function is to tell people that the graphics or words it marks are trademarks of this commodity or service, not names or advertisements. And "R" is the abbreviation of "register" in English, which means "registration" in Chinese. When a commodity or service is marked with such a sign, it tells people that the graphics or words it marks are not only trademarks, but also registered trademarks, which are protected by national laws and may not be used by any other individual or organization without authorization. "TM" is a trademark and "R" is a registered trademark, which is protected by different laws.