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The concept of industrial design (industrial design)

Design is a creative activity carried out by human beings to achieve a certain goal, which is included in the formation process of all man-made objects.

Concept of industrial design: At present, the widely adopted definition is the revised definition of industrial design given by the International Federation of Industrial Design Associations (ICSID) at the annual meeting in Paris in 1980: "As far as mass-produced industrial products are concerned, the material, structure, shape, color, surface treatment and decoration are endowed with new quality and qualification, which is called industrial design."

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After the outbreak of the industrial revolution, industrial design was really recognized and played a role, and it was developed under the conditions of industrial mass production. At that time, a large number of industrial products were shoddy, which seriously affected people's daily life. As an inevitable means to change the situation at that time, industrial design stepped onto the historical stage. Traditional industrial design refers to the creative activities of planning and designing the produced products through industrial means to make them best match with users. Analyze the essence of industrial design from this concept: First, the purpose of industrial design is to achieve the best match between products and people. This kind of collocation should not only meet people's use needs, but also properly match people's physiological and psychological needs, which precisely reflects the people-oriented design idea. Second, industrial design must be a? Quot creative activities ". The nature of industrial design determines that it is an interdisciplinary subject with a wide coverage, involving the research fields of many disciplines, such as adhesives in industrial society, which makes the originally isolated disciplines such as physics, chemistry, biology, marketing, aesthetics, ergonomics, sociology, psychology, philosophy, etc. interrelated and blended with each other to form an organic whole. It combines the science of objectively revealing the laws of nature with the art of subjectively and actively carrying out creative activities.

2. Modern industrial design

The core of traditional industrial design is product design. With the development of history, the development trend of design connotation is broader and deeper. Now, the development of human society has entered the modern industrial society, and the material achievements brought by design and its influence on human living conditions and lifestyles are incomparable in any previous era, so the concept of modern industrial design came into being. Modern industrial design can be divided into two levels: broad industrial design and narrow industrial design.

Generalized industrial design (generalized industrial design)

It refers to a series of behaviors expressed by clear means from conception to practical implementation plan in order to achieve a specific purpose. It includes all the design processes of production and service by modern means.

Narrow industrial design (narrow industrial design)

Simplicity refers to product design, that is, the demand for tools and equipment in response to the relationship between man and nature. Including the design of materials and equipment such as tools, instruments and products needed for maintaining and developing survival and life. The core of product design is that the product has good affinity and matching degree to the user's body and mind.

The definition of narrow industrial design is consistent with that of traditional industrial design. Because industrial design is always based on product design, product design is often called industrial design.

Classification of industrial design

With the expansion of industrial design field, different fields have their own characteristics. We can divide the field of industrial design from different angles:

1. According to the existing art forms:

One-dimensional design generally refers to the design with time as a variable; Two-dimensional design, also known as graphic design, is aimed at the ever-changing objects on the plane, such as graphics, characters, trademarks, advertisements and so on. Three-dimensional design, also known as three-dimensional design, such as products, packaging, architecture, environment; Four-dimensional design is to design three-dimensional space with one-dimensional time (that is, in the form of 3+ 1), such as stage design.

2. On the basis of the corresponding relationship among human, nature and society, it is classified according to the essential meaning of discipline formation:

Man, nature and society constitute the most basic relationship circle, and their classification correspondence is roughly as follows:

◆ Product design: equivalent to industrial design in a narrow sense, mainly based on three-dimensional design;

◆ Environmental design: including the design of various buildings, urban and regional planning, building construction scheme, environmental engineering, etc.

◆ Communication design is the design of communication activities realized by language, text or graphics. According to the different media, it can be divided into two categories: visual communication with words and graphics as the media; Make peace with words. Audio-based auditory communication.

3. According to the concept and definition of industrial design classification:

With the development of science and technology and the application of modern technology, the boundary between industrial design and arts and crafts design has become increasingly blurred, and some design activities that originally belonged to the field of arts and crafts design have the characteristics of industrial design, such as furniture design and clothing design. As a bridge between technology and market, industrial design has rapidly expanded to all aspects of business:

◆ Advertising design: including newspapers, magazines, posters, brochures, trademarks, etc.

◆ Display design: including pavement, window, display platform, signboard, exhibition and advertising tower.

◆ Packaging design: including wrapping paper, containers, labels, commodity packaging, etc.

◆ Binding design: including magazines, books, illustrations, comics and layout design.

Even in the field of self-contained architecture, industrial design is playing an increasingly important role.