A thousand years' reflection on Bao Gong:

It is necessary to emphasize both the political system and the virtue of being an official.

The real Bao Gong in history is famous for his filial piety, rigidity, honesty and understanding. Later, Bao Gong, who was widely circulated in the society, was known as the "arrow-pile figure" and "Sherlock Holmes in the East" for breaking prison cases, and formed a unique common people's happiness.

The judicial culture represented by Bao Gong has gone through thousands of years, and its important value lies in its lofty image of honest and clean judicial officials, which is conducive to improving the quality of judicial workers; It advocates the value orientation of social justice and is conducive to promoting the rule of law.

Bao company law culture should belong to the precious wealth of China traditional culture, but some people think that honest and upright administration of justice highlights the importance of individuals and obliterates the system. This view is correct from the theory of rule of law. Everyone is equal before the law, and people need to improve the legal system to protect their legitimate interests without praying for honest officials. But it is unrealistic to separate or oppose the system from the individual. Any system must be implemented by people, and only by selecting good people and using good people can we enforce the law well. Laws must be obeyed, law enforcement must be strict, and those who violate the law must be prosecuted with good people. Only an honest official with a formula can enforce the law well. What we call honest morality is actually unified with strict law enforcement. Many problems in today's law enforcement are not system problems, but the problem of official morality anomie. Therefore, we should not only emphasize the political system, but also attach importance to the virtue of being an official.

In addition, Bao Gong's strict law enforcement has a deeper meaning, which is the pursuit of social justice. Under the historical conditions at that time, those in power could protect each other or bend the law by power. However, when the people at the bottom of society failed in numerous struggles and the problem was still not solved fairly, they pinned their hopes on honest officials like Bao Gong, hoping to get a "statement" that is justice. Therefore, Bao Gong embodies people's good wishes and social justice. People's admiration for Bao Gong is the pursuit of social justice, which is the implication of Bao Gong's case-solving story and the fundamental reason for Bao Gong's long-lasting corporate culture.

What do you think of Bao Gong in the Millennium?

The outstanding historical figures in ancient China are like stars. For thousands of years, if Confucius is the most influential person among the public, the next person after Confucius, in my opinion, may count to Bao Zheng.

Confucius is a thinker, whose thoughts can transcend time and space and become the wealth of all mankind. Bao Zheng was a practical official of the feudal dynasty. Apart from his achievements recorded in historical books, his main words were written to the emperor's "memorial". No matter how brilliant the memorial was and how outstanding his political achievements were, he ultimately served to consolidate the feudal dynasty. However, why can his influence span time and space, transcend classes and spread for a long time?

That's because there is a precious "Bao Zheng spirit" behind the outstanding achievements and the memorial as the ideological basis of achievements. To know what the spirit of Bao Zheng is, it is necessary to understand Bao Zheng's ideological core and personality characteristics, which in turn requires a general understanding of his life.

Bao Zheng, whose name is Xiren, was born in Baocun, Jieji Township, Hefei County, Luzhou, Huainan West Road (now Baocun, Baogong Town, Feidong County, Hefei, Anhui Province) in the second year of Xianping, North Song Zhenzong. Bao Zheng's father had a certain education, worked as a small official and had little land. It is a common phenomenon in feudal society that a well-off family is based on farming and reading, and Bao family is no exception.

The Journal of Feidong County says: "Young people in Bao Zheng are studying in the countryside, farming and herding." In the fifth year of Tiansheng (A.D. 127), Bao Zheng was a scholar and was awarded an official position twice by the imperial court. Both of them resigned as filial piety because their parents didn't want to accompany them. They didn't become Tianchang magistrate until their parents were ill and kept filial piety for three years, at the age of 38.

At the local level, Bao Zheng served as a magistrate, magistrate and transfer ambassador. In the central government, he was appointed as the judge, the supervisor of the imperial censor, the deputy envoy of the Ministry of Housing, the middle minister of the imperial censor and the ambassador of the three departments, until he died as the deputy envoy of the Council. As we know, the highest supervisory organ in the Northern Song Dynasty is the Yushitai led by Cheng in Yushi, the highest financial organ is the Sanshi led by the Three Secretaries, and the highest military organ is the Privy Council led by the Tang envoys. The Privy Council is an institution that assists the emperor to carry out military affairs. Under the emperor's overall command, the prime minister, deputy prime minister, tang dynasty envoy, tang dynasty deputy envoy and councilor constitute the highest leadership core of the country. Therefore, Bao Zheng's position is quite high.

the core of Bao Zheng's thought is the high unity of loyalty to the monarch and people-oriented. Bao Zheng has a distinct idea of loyalty to the monarch. In a letter, Bao Zheng wrote: "I was born in the grass, and I learned from the official school as early as possible. I believed in the previous books and admired the actions of the ancients. When I was a governor, I did my own thing, and I was divided into loyalty and death." And "I was suddenly used, and I was placed among the attendants, and I was in the class of admonition." In a hierarchical feudal society, it is not difficult to understand that a person with neither noble birth nor political background can be entrusted with an important task and regarded as a confidant by the court. Based on this psychology, he specially wrote to Renzong, "Please build a prince", hoping that the Zhao dynasty would spread endlessly, because "the prince is the foundation of the world", and only by establishing a prince can the royal family be consolidated and the treacherous men be defeated, otherwise "it will be a disaster in the future, and it will be a blessing to the society". This idea of loyalty to the monarch can be described as the ultimate.

Bao Zheng also has a strong people-oriented thought. The ancients put forward the people-oriented thought of "the people are the foundation of the country, the foundation is the foundation of the country" and "the people are the most important, the country is the second, and the monarch is the light" long ago. This extremely important political thought in ancient China has become the fundamental creed of Bao Zheng's life in politics, which was deeply influenced by traditional culture. He repeatedly said to Renzong: "The people are the foundation of the country, the money is used, and the safety is related. It is imperative to be safe." "The people are the foundation of the country, and the wealth is used, and the safety is tied, but the horizontal tax is violently taken, and I don't know the truth." His dozens of pleadings for the people are based on the idea that the people are the foundation of the country.

It is commendable that loyalty to the monarch and people-oriented in Bao Zheng's thought are in harmony. So for Bao Zheng, what is the logic of unifying the two?

In "Please Send Disasters and Hurt Roads to Comfort", Bao Zheng reflected the seriousness of natural and man-made disasters in Jianghuai and other places, and asked for immediate comfort, otherwise it would lead to chaos: "The people's reserves are all for the army, and the people lose their dependence, and they are in exile in Japan ... In this autumn, the seedlings and crops are dying ... If they are hungry, they will steal, and if they steal, they will be treacherous." He made it very clear that if officials don't love the people and the people are in poverty, "treacherous men" will rise up and the consequences will be unimaginable. Something like this was said at least four times in Bao Zheng's memorial that can still be seen today. It can be seen that Bao Zheng not only loved the people himself, but also earnestly persuaded the emperor to love the people. Bao Zheng regards it as the biggest "loyal monarch", which is the inherent logical connection between loyal monarch and people-oriented! It can be said that the purpose of Bao Zheng's "loyalty to the monarch" lies in "the monarch", but it is objectively beneficial to the whole world, and the positive significance of the high unity of loyalty to the monarch and people-oriented is also reflected here.

Bao Zheng's character is frank and almost unreserved, and his frankness seems to lack self-cultivation. At first glance, his frankness is really inhuman. The formation of this character, first, because he was born in the countryside, grew up in the countryside, and kept uninterrupted contact with the countryside all his life, which invisibly branded the simplicity and honesty of China farmers; Second, in the ancient books he is familiar with, the mind of caring for the country and loving the people with lofty ideals and the character of "keeping promises and doing deeds" have exerted a subtle influence on him; Third, the words and deeds of Liu Yun, a famous minister of the dynasty, had a profound influence on him. Liu Jun, a bachelor of Hanlin, was resolute and upright, and hated evil as enemies. Because he was at odds with the evil forces in the imperial court, he was appointed as Luzhou twice, and Bao Zheng was quite appreciated by Liu Jun since he was young.

Bao Zheng spirit is formed on the basis of Bao Zheng's ideological core and the external expression of personality characteristics.

A thousand years' reflection on Bao Gong:

Anti-corruption and anti-mediocrity, selfless and fearless

Bao Zheng's hard-working spirit is rare in ancient times. In any position, he cares about people's livelihood and is determined to reform. At the same time, he will truthfully report the problems he encountered and the situation he learned, whether it belongs to his own scope of duties or not, and put forward solutions, asking the emperor to "send a special command." In Bao Zheng's view, this is the responsibility of an official.

Bao Zheng's works, except a family instruction and a few short poems, are as many as 185 memorials, including 55 memorials, which impeached as many as 61 officials of the DPRK! Among these 61 people, corrupt officials bear the brunt, and there are not a few "mediocrities" who make general mistakes and incompetence. Those with higher status than him, such as Prime Minister Song Yao, royalty and relatives such as Zhang Yaozuo, Cheng Archilife Guo and Yang Jingzong, were all impeached. For example, he thinks that Song Qi "can't be the third secretary for more banquets in the Yi Department"; Zhang Fangping, as a three-secretary envoy, "took advantage of the situation to buy a house to enrich the people, and he had no shame and could not be in a big position". Prime Minister Song Yao said, "I have never seen a bright future since I started to balance the axis for seven years", but "I think I can get the best policy in peace". As a minister of slaughter, "I can't spare no effort to set it up, which is a mistake, so I should be embarrassed". For a time, "Bao Bomb" became a buzzword that turned pale when the court heard it.

"Six Bombs Zhang Yaozuo" is the most thrilling among the "Bao Bombs", and Bao Zheng's fearless spirit in it has been praised by the world for a long time.

Zhang Yaozuo is the uncle and adoptive father of Zhang Guifei, the favorite princess of Emperor Renzong. He was originally a small local official. In order to repay the kindness of upbringing, Zhang Guifei entangled Renzong with her unique position and promoted Yao Zhang to the rank of official and knighthood. Yao Zhang, assisted by his adopted daughter, rose to the top and became the third secretary. As soon as Bao Zheng was in charge of the remonstration court, he performed the duty of "taking words as his duty" and, together with several colleagues, impeached this "ordinary man" who "indulged himself in private affairs and made a sudden appearance". Who knows that Renzong intensified his efforts, and even appointed Yao Zhang to take on the heavy responsibility, so that he could hold four posts, such as the ambassador of Xuanhui South Hospital. When the news came out, there was an uproar in one's hand and in one's hand. Even Wang Juzheng, who had always been a gentle suggestion, was angry, supported Bao Zheng, and asked Injong to revoke Zhang Yaozuo's appointment. As a result, the suggestion was invalid, and Wang Juzheng had to argue in court, that is, face to face with the emperor when he went to court.

During the court debate, Bao Zheng was so emotional that he left his seat and approached Renzong. He even spat on Renzong's face, which made Renzong unhappy and quit the court. Bao Zheng indomitable, continue to impeach Zhang Zuoyao, * * * up to six times before and after. He repeatedly said:

In 1956, Zhang Yaozuo was overreached, and all the ministers secretly discussed it. However, it was not your majesty who was involved in it, but also the minister in power ... The minister in power didn't think about your great friendship, but obeyed his orders and held important positions, lest Yao Zuo be dissatisfied with his wishes and make your majesty have an affair with the harem. Do you love your heart? (

On Zhang Yaozuo's Improper Removal of Four Ambassadors): Zhang Yaozuo has repeatedly listed non-talents ... ministers, etc. Your majesty's desire for security is a false favor and an important position. There is no example for seeking the previous generation, and it is uneasy to visit the human feelings. I'm really worried about danger, and I don't know what to do ... The ruling minister, who shares weal and woe with the country, can't hold on to Jianming, and there is partiality in the song, which makes the world secretly discuss and call your majesty private in the harem. (Play Zhang Yaozuo Again)

It seems that Bao Zheng directly rebukes the ruling minister, but the target is obviously in Renzong's "private harem". In feudal times, emperors were above ten thousand people and held the power of life and death. As subjects, how much courage is needed to be able to speak out and remonstrate!

Deeply observe the people's feelings and plead for the people

Bao Zheng has high hopes for Renzong. He hopes that Renzong will "save the famine and save the famine" and reproduce the flourishing age of Yao and Shun, in which "the young have a sense of security, and the old have an end, and there is no injury and no pain of adjustment". The reality at that time was that when the Northern Song Dynasty entered the middle period, the spirit of making great efforts to govern gradually disappeared, and the wind of persistence and corruption spread, bureaucrats exploited and farmers suffered greatly. Therefore, Bao Zheng spared no effort to plead for the people while fighting against corruption with fearless spirit, which accounted for 1/3 of all memorials.

At that time, there were many kinds of taxes, and the most common and difficult things to deal with were changes, shifts, head and warehouse consumption. The so-called "discount" refers to the conversion of items that are expressly required to be collected into cash or other items according to the temporary needs of the government. After many twists and turns, officials profit from it, and the burden on taxpayers increases. "Transfer" refers to the transfer of tax grain paid on the spot to other places for payment. If you move to pay cash, the official will also ask for "foot money." "Boss" and "warehouse consumption" are both additional taxes that are increased according to a certain proportion of taxes, but the latter finds a name of "warehouse consumption" for the purpose.

Bao Zheng learned that the problem of folding in five counties of Chen Zhou was very serious, and immediately presented the memorial "Please don't let Chen Zhou add a fold to see the money". It was said in the memorial that the actual price of a bucket of big wheat market was 5 articles, but it was converted into 1 articles by the government, plus 4 articles for foot money, head and warehouse consumption, which was 14 articles. This kind of "extremely extorting" of "twice killing and stripping the poor" must be banned immediately, and it should be calculated at the actual market price or "accepted as it is", that is, delivered in kind.

At the same time, Bao Zheng found that Huainan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jinghu and other places also have the problem of refraction, which is as serious as Chen Zhou. He was in a hurry, playing four consecutive times to avoid the twists and turns between Jianghuai and Zhejiang, and thus extended to "the rate of miscellaneous subjects", and repeatedly asked the court to order "stop when it is right." At that time, the government used things, all of which were apportioned to the people. Although they were bought by the cloud, they were lower than the market price. This kind of compulsory temporary tax is called "tax rate" Bao Zheng's demand to stop or reduce exorbitant taxes and levies can be described as a solution for the people. According to the biography of Liu Zhi in the Song Dynasty, "the people cheered to tears".

Bao Zheng's memorials reflected well-documented problems, made clear and feasible suggestions, and showed his love for the people. In his writing, he also accused some local officials of "not obeying the instructions of the former imperial edict", and specifically pointed out: "The shipping company is full of years of service, regardless of the exhaustion of people's resources, and there is nothing to complain about, which is nothing more than this." Everyone knows that this kind of report is going to offend a group of people, but Bao Zheng is outspoken and has no scruples.

The scope of relief in Bao Zheng includes not only the farmers suffering from severe disasters, but also a wider range of people's livelihood. The discussion on stopping post-tours, protecting people's fields, eliminating debts, changing salt law and saving famine all brought tangible benefits to the people in dire straits. Here's another example. There was a man named Xiang Shou, who acted illegally as an official and was inspected by the superiors. He suspected that someone had reported it and tortured him privately, forcing him to commit suicide. After the incident, he took sides with the old friends, falsely accused the informer, and interfered with the handling of the case, resulting in "more than 9 people still being banned." Bao Zheng wrote a letter to cry foul for those who were banned, which fully reflected his heart of punishing evil and promoting good and putting people first.

A thousand years of Bao Gong's reflection:

Clear your heart and be straight, and be strict with yourself

When Bao Zheng knew Duanzhou, he once wrote a poem "Zhaibi in Shuduanzhou County" with a clear aim: "Clear your heart is the root cause, and the straight path is the plan." Show dry eventually become a building, fine steel don't make a hook. The warehouse is full of rats and birds, and the grass is full of foxes and rabbits. There is a legacy in history, and no one is ashamed. " Only by clearing your heart can you desire less, and you can advance and retreat without losing its righteousness, so it is called "curing the root cause." It is his "body plan" to go straight and be bright and open. Bao Zheng was not famous for his poems, but this poem is upright and awe-inspiring, which can be regarded as a manifesto of Bao Zheng's standing in the field and his unswerving guide to action.

after the mourning period, Bao Zheng was sent to Beijing for official duties. At that time, in the officialdom, it was very popular to curry favor and enter through the back door, and the official residence of Prime Minister Lv Yijian was even more crowded. Bao Zheng and Lv Yijian have the friendship of fellow villagers. Lv Yijian thought that he would come to visit, but he couldn't wait long. Later, he learned that Bao Zheng went directly to Tianchang as a magistrate of a county after reporting to the official department, which made Lv Yijian feel very surprised. from