1. Scaffolding
1. What is the function of the scissor brace on the scaffolding?
Answer: Prevent longitudinal deformation of the scaffolding and enhance the overall stiffness of the scaffolding.
2. What are the safety regulations when there are external power lines on the outside of the scaffold?
Answer: It is strictly prohibited to set up ramps for up and down scaffolding on the side with external power lines.
3. Can the scaffolding be connected to the unloading platform?
Answer: No, the unloading platform should be set up independently.
4. Which steel pipes are not allowed to be used for scaffolding?
Answer: Steel pipes that are severely corroded, flattened, bent, or cracked.
5. Which fasteners cannot be used?
Answer: Any fasteners with cracks, deformations, shrinkage, or slippage must not be used.
6. What signs should be hung on the unloading platform?
Answer: A sign indicating a limited load.
7. How many meters should the erection height of portal scaffolding generally not exceed?
Answer: It should not exceed 45m.
8. When the load-bearing wire rope and the safety wire rope of the crane are extended and used, there should be no less than three rope clips. Is this sentence correct?
Answer: Incorrect , because these two types of steel wire ropes cannot be extended for use.
9. What are the safety requirements for the overall lifting frame when it is raised and lowered?
Answer: It is strictly forbidden for people to stand on the frame when it is raised or lowered.
10. What are the main safety devices of the overall hoist?
Answer: Anti-fall device and anti-overturning device.
11. What safety protection devices must the hanging basket scaffolding be equipped with?
Answer: brakes, travel limits, safety locks, anti-tilt devices, and overload protection devices.
12. What are the requirements for the counterweight of the hanging basket scaffolding?
(1) The hanging mechanism of the hanging basket or the roof trolley must be equipped with appropriate counterweights;
(2) The counterweight should be accurately and firmly installed on the counterweight point, and a counterweight of sufficient quality should be configured according to the drawings. The hanging basket must be verified by a safety inspector before use;
(3) The anti-overturning coefficient is equal to the ratio of the counterweight moment to the forward tilting moment, and the ratio should not be less than 2.
13. How much higher should the top of the scaffolding pole be than the roof?
Answer: The top of the pole should be 1m higher than the upper surface of the parapet and 1.5m higher than the upper surface of the cornice.
14. Is steel and bamboo mixed scaffolding available? Why?
Answer: Not available. The basic requirement of the scaffolding is that it does not sway or deform and remains stable after the overall force is applied. The nodes of the rods are the key to transmitting force. However, the mixed scaffolding does not have reliable binding materials, resulting in loose nodes and deformation of the frame, which cannot meet the stress requirements of the foot frame.
15. At what stages should the scaffolding and its foundation be inspected and accepted?
(1) After the foundation is completed and before the scaffolding is erected;
(2) ) Before applying load on the working layer;
(3) After each erection of 10 to 13m height;
(4) After encountering level 6 winds and heavy rain, freezing in cold areas After;
(5) After reaching the design height;
(6) Out of service for more than one month.
16. What protective equipment should workers engaged in scaffolding erection wear?
Answer: Wear a safety helmet, a safety belt, and non-slip shoes.
17. During the use of scaffolding, which rods are strictly prohibited to be removed?
Answer: (1) The longitudinal and transverse horizontal rods at the main nodes, and the vertical and horizontal sweeping rods;
(2) Wall fittings.
18. What conditions must be met by personnel engaged in scaffolding erection?
Answer: Scaffolding erection personnel must pass the assessment in accordance with the current national standard "Safety Technical Assessment and Management Rules for Special Operators" As a professional scaffolding worker, those who take up the job should have regular physical examinations. Only those who pass the job can take up the job with a certificate.
19. What are the requirements for the scissor brace setting of portal steel pipe racks in the "Safety Technical Specifications for Portal Steel Pipe Scaffolding in Construction"?
(1) When the height of the scaffold exceeds 20m, it should be Set up continuously on the outside of the scaffold;
(2) The inclination angle between the scissor brace and the ground should be 45-60 degrees, and the width of the scissor brace should be 4-8m;
(3 ) The scissor brace should be fastened to the mast vertical pole with fasteners;
(4) If the scissor brace diagonal bar is overlapped, the overlap length should not be less than 600mm, and two Fasteners fasten.
20. What are the requirements for the overall verticality and horizontality deviation of the scaffolding during the erection of portal scaffolding?
Answer: The allowable deviation of the verticality is 1/600 of the scaffolding height and ±50mm. ;The allowable deviation of horizontality is 1/600 of the length of the scaffolding and ±50mm.
21. What are the load requirements for masonry frames and decorative frames?
Answer: The load of masonry frames should not exceed 270kg/㎡, and the load of decorative scaffolding should not exceed 200kg/㎡. .
22. What anti-slip measures should be taken for the herringbone ladder?
Answer: There should be strong hinges and zippers that restrict expansion. Anti-slip measures should be taken when using on slippery floors.
2. Knowledge related to foundation pit support
1. When the depth of the foundation pit exceeds how many meters, special support design should be carried out?
Answer: 5m.
2. During foundation pit construction, what are the regulations on the pit side load?
Answer: Generally, the height of the pit side load is required not to exceed 1.5m and the distance is greater than 1.2m.
3. When someone is poisoned during construction underground, how should first aid be given?
Answer: Personnel above the well (ground) must not go down to rescue. They must The air is supplied downward first, and the rescuers must take personal protection measures and send someone to report to the person in charge of the construction site and the relevant health management department. When the conditions for rescue are not available on site, they should call 119, 110 or 120 for help in time.
4. What are the factors that affect slope stability?
Answer: (1) The type of soil; (2) The degree of soil humidification The impact is that the soil contains too much water and the slope is prone to instability;
(3) The influence of climate makes the soil soft;
(4) The influence of additional external loads on the slope.
5. What is the sequence of manual earth excavation?
Answer: It should be done in layers from top to bottom. It is forbidden to use the method of hollowing out the feet. When stacking soil and materials beside ditches and pits, the distance between them should be at least 1.2m from the edge and the height should not exceed 1.5m.
6. What are the main causes of collapse accidents during foundation pit excavation?
Answer: (1) Insufficient grading during foundation pit excavation;
(2) The top of the foundation pit slope is overloaded or caused by vibration, causing landslides;
(3) The application method is incorrect and the excavation procedures are incorrect;
(4) The height is exceeded Digging;
(5) Incorrect support installation or removal;
(6) Inadequate drainage measures.
7. When multiple machines dig foundation pits at the same time, how many meters should be the safest distance between machines?
Answer: It should be 10m.
8. When excavating earth, should it be done top-down or bottom-up?
Answer: Top-down excavation.
9. When manually excavating earth, what distance should be maintained between operators?
Answer: When manually excavating earth, the horizontal distance between operators should be greater than 2m, and the longitudinal distance should be greater than 3m.
10. How many slope protection measures are commonly used in construction? How many forms of commonly used supports for pit walls are there?
Answer: In order to ensure the safety of earthwork construction, side slopes are generally commonly used. There are three methods of surface protection: covering method, netting method, and soil bag pressure slope method. Commonly used support forms for pit walls include liner type, cantilever type, anchor type, anchor type and diagonal support type.
11. What necessary investigations and reconnaissance work should be done before carrying out earthworks?
Answer: Geology, hydrology and underground cables, pipeline equipment, etc.
3. Knowledge related to the "Three Treasures" and "Four Ports" protection
1. When the height of the building exceeds how many meters, should a double-layer protective shed be erected?
Answer: Greater than 24m.
2. How many years should the seat belt be inspected after use?
Answer: Two years.
3. What do "Three Treasures" and "Four Mouths" refer to?
Answer: The "three treasures" refer to safety helmets, safety belts, and safety nets; the "four exits" refer to stairwells, elevator shafts, reserved openings, and passageways.
4. What should you pay attention to when using it safely?
(1) The length of the safety belt used by erectors is limited to 1.5-2m.
(2) It should be hung vertically and used at a high position and used at a low level; when used for hanging in a horizontal position, attention should be paid to swing and collision; it is not suitable for hanging at a low level and used at a high level; the rope should not be knotted to avoid knotting. Cut off after being stressed; the hook should not be hung directly on unstable objects or directly on non-metallic ropes to prevent the rope from being cut.
5. What shoes are prohibited when working at heights?
Answer: It is prohibited to wear shoes with hard soles and slippery shoes with spikes.
6. People suffering from what diseases are not allowed to work at heights?
Answer: People who suffer from high blood pressure, diabetes, anemia, epilepsy and other diseases that are not suitable for working at heights are not allowed to work at heights.
7. How to make good use of the "three treasures" of safety?
(1) When entering the construction site, you must wear a safety helmet that meets the standards and fasten the chin strap;
(2) Anyone working in the air above 2m must first hang up Good seat belt.
(3) A dense-mesh safety net is hung on the outside of the scaffolding, and a safety net is installed every 2 floors in the elevator shaft and at most 10m apart.
8. What are the three permanent markings of safety helmets stipulated in national standards?
Answer: (1) Manufacturer’s name, trademark, and model number;
(2) Year and month of manufacture;
(3) License number.
9. What does working at heights mean?
Answer: Any work performed at a height where there is a possibility of falling from a fall height of 2m or more (inclusive) is called high-altitude work.
10. When the height is 15m, what is the falling radius in meters?
Answer: 3m.
11. What protective measures should be taken when working at the cave entrance?
(1) For holes below 1.5m×1.5m, full-length steel mesh should be embedded in advance or a fixed cover plate should be added.
(2) A hole of more than 1.5m×1.5m must be surrounded by two protective railings, and a safety net must be stretched under the hole.
(3) Protective railings or fixed gates should be installed at the entrance of the elevator shaft, and safety nets should be installed every two floors and at most 10m apart in the elevator shaft.
(4) A safety protection shed is erected above the entrance of the construction site.
12. What facilities must be installed at the construction site in public places?
Answer: Obvious signs and safety fences must be set up.
13. What are the national safety colors?
Answer: The safe colors are: red, blue, yellow, and green.
14. What kind of climate conditions prohibit open-air work at height?
Answer: Open-air high-altitude operations are prohibited in strong winds above Level 6, thunderstorms or heavy rains, wind, snow and fog.
15. What parts does a safety helmet consist of?
Answer: Hat shell, hat lining, chin strap.
16. When carrying out asphalt construction, the location of the asphalt pot should be at least how many meters away from the road where pedestrians travel?
Answer: 5m.
17. In order to prevent falling accidents in reserved holes, what measures should be taken at reserved holes in concrete floor slabs?
Answer: Firm covers, protective railings, safety nets or other protective measures against falling must be installed.
18. When the construction schedule is tight and the tasks are heavy, non-electricians can also do the wiring themselves, right?
Answer: No.
19. What do the "five edges" in construction refer to?
Answer: "Five edges" refers to: the perimeter of the balcony where railings have not been installed, the perimeter of the floor without external frame protection, the perimeter of the frame engineering floor, both sides of the upper and lower runways and ramps, and the perimeter of the unloading platform. side.
20. What are the requirements for wearing a safety helmet?
Answer: (1) The safety helmet consists of two parts: the hat lining and the hat shell. The hat lining and the hat shell cannot be close to each other. There should be a certain gap. When materials fall onto the safety helmet shell, the hat will The lining can act as a buffer to prevent cervical vertebrae from being harmed.
(2) The lower jaw belt must be tightened. When the human body falls, the helmet is worn on the head to protect the head.
21. What measures should be taken at night in dangerous areas of the construction site?
Answer: A red light warning should be set up.
22. When working at heights, what should you pay attention to when using tools?
Answer: Tools used for climbing operations should be placed in tool boxes or tool bags. Commonly used tools should be worn on the body. Required materials or other tools must be transferred with strong and strong ropes. It is prohibited to Throw them back and forth with your hands to avoid falling and injuring people. After the operation is completed, all tools used should be taken back to prevent them from being left on the job site and causing injuries to people.
23. During the building installation process, if work is carried out on the upper and lower floors at the same time, what measures must be taken to allow workers to work below the same vertical line?
Answer: There must be special protective panels or other isolation measures between the upper and lower floors.
IV. Vertical Mechanical Transportation
1. What safety protection devices should be used in external elevators?
Answer: Brakes, speed limiters, door interlocking devices, upper and lower limit devices.
2. What signs should be hung on external elevators?
Answer: Signs indicating the load limit and number of people should be hung.
3. What safety protection devices should there be for overhead material hoists?
Answer: Safety parking device, broken rope protection device, ultra-high limit device, lower limit limiter, buffer, and overload limiter.
4. How many meters must the free height of the top of the derrick lifting frame be greater?
Answer: No larger than 6m.
5. The number of derrick wire rope clamps must not be less than how many?
Answer: No less than 3.
6. What safety signs should be hung next to the derrick?
Answer: "No passengers allowed" warning sign.
7. How many turns should the wire rope have on the drum?
Answer: No less than 3 circles.
8. What kind of safety protection devices should the derrick hoist have?
Answer: (1) Safety docking device;
(2) Floor entrance protective door;
(3) Safety door of hanging basket;
(4) Protective shed for loading port;
(5) Upper limit limiter;
(6) Emergency power-off switch;
( 7) Signaling device.
9. What are the requirements for the foundation of a low-frame hoist?
Answer: (1) The bearing capacity of the compacted soil layer shall not be less than 80MPa;
(2) Pour C20 concrete with a thickness of 300cm;
( 3) The foundation surface is smooth and the level deviation is not more than 10cm.
10. What should be the safety buffer distance of the material hoist?
Answer: 3m.
11. What should be the distance between the first guide pulley of the tic-tac-toe frame and the winch?
Answer: The winch drum with a grooved drum is 15 times the drum width; the winch drum with a slotless drum is 20 times the drum width.
12. What is the "Ten Don't Hang Up" principle?
Answer: (1) No lifting is allowed if the weight of the object to be lifted exceeds the allowable range of mechanical performance;
(2) No lifting is allowed if the signal is unclear;
(3) Do not lift if there is someone standing under the hanging object;
(4) Do not lift if there is a person standing on top of the hanging object;
(5) Do not lift the objects buried underground;
(6) Do not lift diagonally pulled objects;
(7) Do not lift loose objects if they are not tied firmly;
(8) Loose objects No lifting is allowed if the container is not installed;
(9) No lifting is allowed if the weight of the hoisted object is unknown and the sling does not meet the regulations;
(10) In strong winds and foggy days above Level 6 Do not hang when vision is affected or when there is heavy rain or snow.
13. What are the types of hoisting command signals?
Answer: Hand signals, semaphore signals and audio signals.
14. When the cross-section wear of the hook and lanyard exceeds the original height, should it be scrapped?
Answer: 10% exceeding the original height should be scrapped.
15. What are the key inspection contents before tower crane operation?
Answer: (1) The appearance of the mechanical structure, each transmission mechanism should be normal;
(2) The oil level of each gear box and hydraulic oil tank should meet the standards;
(3) The connecting bolts of the main parts should not be loose;
(4) The wear of the wire rope and the threading pulley should comply with the regulations;
(5) The power supply cable should not be damaged .
16. Can the crane pass overhead when lifting objects?
Answer: No, lifting and lifting objects is prohibited from passing over people's heads.
17. What are the main responsibilities of the signalman of the lifting machinery?
Answer: During the lifting process, give the operator appropriate instructions to make the lifting work go smoothly.
18. What are the "four limits and two insurances" of the tower crane safety device?
Answer: Four limits: torque, super-height, amplitude, and travel limit devices.
Two insurances: hook insurance and drum insurance device,
19. What are the causes of tower crane accidents?
Answer: (1) Unlicensed operation;
(2) Overload operation;
(3) Wrong command signal, resulting in misoperation;
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(4) Crane pull and tilt;
(5) Safety device failure;
(6) The installation of track and attachment device does not meet the requirements:
(7) The maintenance and repair system was not implemented, and the fault was not eliminated in time;
(8) The climate change was underestimated, especially when there was strong wind at night when no one was working, and the rail clamps could not be clamped.
20. When the tower crane escalator is installed inside the structure, under what circumstances can the retaining ring be omitted?
Answer: When the free passage distance between the escalator and the structure is less than 1.2m, the retaining ring is not required.
21. How to regulate the vertical and horizontal unevenness of the tower crane's track?
Answer: None should be greater than 1.
22. Under what circumstances should the steel wire rope be replaced?
Answer: The number of broken wires in the steel wire rope exceeds 10% of the total number of wires within the twist pitch, and the rope diameter is worn by 40%. The rope should be replaced with a new one.
23. The "Technical Regulations on Safety for Construction and Installation Engineering" stipulates that at what level of wind is it prohibited to carry out lifting work and high-altitude operations in the open air?
Answer: Strong winds above level 6.
5. Construction Machinery
1. What are the safety protection devices for planing?
Answer: There should be hand protection safety devices and protective covers for transmission parts.
2. For which equipment, the power cord cannot be extended or the plug must be changed at will?
Answer: Handheld power tools.
3. Which type of handheld power tools must be worn according to regulations?
Answer: Class I handheld power tools.
4. What are the safety requirements for steel bar cold drawing work areas?
Answer: Protective baffles must be installed, warning signs should be set up during cold drawing, and non-staff members are strictly prohibited from staying.
5. What safety devices should oxygen bottles have?
Answer: There should be anti-shock rubber rings and safety helmets.
6. What are the safety requirements for using submersible pumps?
Answer: When using a submersible pump, a leakage protector with a leakage action current of less than 15 mA and a leakage action time of less than 0.1 seconds should be installed, and the protection should be connected to zero or protective grounding.
7. What electrical safety devices should be installed on the welding machine?
Answer: A leakage protector and a secondary no-load voltage reduction protector should be installed.
8. The length of the primary wire of the electric welding machine cannot be greater than how many meters?
Answer: It cannot be larger than 5m.
9. What are the "cross" tasks of a mechanical operator?
Answer: Cleaning, lubrication, adjustment, tightening, and anti-corrosion.
10. Why must the grinding wheel be equipped with a protective cover?
Answer: In order to effectively prevent broken grinding wheel fragments and abrasive debris from flying out and injuring people.
11. What accident hazards should be prevented during welding operations?
Answer: (1) Prevent arc radiation from harming the human body;
(2) Prevent metal splash, burns and fires caused by the electrode tip;
(3) Prevent poisoning by harmful gases and dust, and pay attention to dust removal and ventilation;
(4) Prevent explosions caused by welding pressure vessels;
(5) Prevent falling from high altitudes, and Have safety measures;
(6) Prevent electric shock accidents and provide insulation protection.
12. What are the standard colors of oxygen bottles, acetylene bottles, hydrogen bottles, and liquefied petroleum gas bottles?
Answer: Oxygen bottle: sky blue bottle, black lettering; acetylene bottle: white bottle, red lettering; hydrogen bottle: green bottle, red lettering; Liquefied petroleum gas bottle: silver-gray bottle, red lettering.
13. What should you pay attention to when operating a concrete vibrator?
Answer: (1) The power cord must be a weather-resistant rubber-sheathed copper-core flexible cable;
(2) It must be well insulated and have reliable zero connection or grounding protection;
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(3) The leakage protector at the power supply must be sensitive and reliable;
(4) The vibrator cable must not be dragged around on the steel mesh to prevent damage and leakage, and the cable length should not exceed 30m;
(5) The operator should wear rubber-soled shoes (boots) and insulating gloves;
(6) The power supply must be cut off when the vibrator needs maintenance.
14. What should you pay attention to when operating a frog type tamping machine?
Answer: (1) The rammer operating switch must use a directional switch. It is strictly prohibited to use a reverse switch. The cable inlet should have a wire protection rubber ring;
(2) The handle must be added Install insulation materials;
(3) Each tamping machine must be equipped with two operators, one person operates the tamping machine, and one person randomly arranges the cables;
(4) The tamping machine must be operated Wear rubber-soled shoes and insulating gloves. When transporting the rammer, the power must be turned off;
(5) When shutting down, the power must be turned off and the gate box must be locked. Keep the motor moisture-proof and waterproof.
15. What should you pay attention to when operating woodworking machinery?
Answer: (1) Woodworking machinery must be managed by dedicated personnel;
(2) Safety protection devices must be complete and reliable, and disassembly is not allowed during operation;
(3 ) Do not wear gloves during operation, and do not allow maintenance, refueling, cleaning and adjustment during operation;
(4) Iron nails and dust must be removed before processing old wood;
(5) After daily work, the area must be cleaned, the power must be cut off, and the switch box must be locked;
(6) It is strictly prohibited to use multi-functional electric saws, electric planers, and electric drills. Woodworking machinery.
16. What should you pay attention to when operating steel machinery?
Answer: (1) Machinery should be managed by dedicated personnel.
The electrical must be checked before use, the body must be connected to zero ground, the leakage protector must be sensitive and reliable, and the safety protection device must be intact;
(2) When using the straightening machine, a steel pipe with a length of about 1m should be added. The straightened steel bars should first pass through the steel pipe, and then pass through the guide tube and straightening cylinder to prevent the tail ends of the steel bars from popping out and injuring people;
(3) When using the cutting machine, the steel bars should be held tightly and the cutting blade When retreating, feed the steel bar into the knife edge, and use pliers to cut short materials to prevent injury;
(4) When using a bending machine to bend steel bars, you must first straighten the steel bars and process longer ones. For steel bars, special personnel should be assigned to stabilize the steel bars; the actions of the person holding the steel bars should be coordinated with the operator and should not be pulled arbitrarily;
(5) When using steel bar cold drawing equipment, the cold drawing operation area should be enclosed For protection, personnel are strictly prohibited from crossing the working area; the operating position of the winch should be perpendicular to the direction of the tensile steel bars to prevent injuries when the steel bars are broken;
(6) After the work is completed, turn off the power and lock the gate. box.
17. What should you pay attention to when operating a concrete mixer?
Answer: (1) Drivers who operate mixers must undergo professional safety training, pass the exam, and hold a certificate to work. Non-drivers are strictly prohibited from operating;
(2) When the hopper is hoisted, it is strictly prohibited When working or walking under the hopper and cleaning the pit, the double safety hooks of the hopper should be hung securely before cleaning;
(3) Do not use tools to extend into the mixing drum to remove materials during operation;
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(4) After work, clean the inside and outside of the mixer, raise the hopper, hang the double safety hooks, turn off the power, and lock the switch box;
(5) It is strictly prohibited during operation Maintenance. When repairing and maintaining the mixer, the power must be turned off, the switch box must be locked, a sign saying "It is strictly forbidden to close the switch when someone is working" must be hung, and a dedicated person must be assigned to monitor it.
18. What should you pay attention to when operating a mortar mixer?
Answer: (1) Before starting the machine, check whether all components are normal and whether the protective devices are complete and effective. Only after confirming that there are no abnormalities can trial operation be carried out;
(2) It is strictly prohibited to hold tools during operation. Reach into the mixer barrel to remove the material;
(3) Maintenance is strictly prohibited during operation. If any abnormality is found, the machine must be stopped first, the power must be turned off, and the switch box must be locked before troubleshooting.
19. What should you pay attention to when operating a motorized dump truck?
Answer: (1) Drivers must undergo special safety training, pass the examination, and hold a certificate to work. No one is allowed to carry people while driving;
(2) When dumping materials at the edge of the pit, the speed should be slowed down, and wheel stops must be set at 0.8m-1m;
( 3) When inspecting or cleaning the car after work, the engine must be turned off and the hand brake must be applied.
20. What matters should be paid attention to during welding operations?
Answer: Electric welding is a special operation, and welders must hold a certificate to work; automatic switches should be used for power control, and manual switches are not allowed; primary and secondary wires must be equipped with anti-shock protection devices; the length of the primary wire must not The floor cannot be mopped if it exceeds 5m; the length of the secondary line should be less than 30m, the wiring should be firmly crimped, and a protective cover should be installed; the welding clamp wire should use a special cable, with double wires in place, no joints allowed, and no insulation damage; no metal should be borrowed Scaffolding, tracks and structural steel bars serve as return ground wires.
21. Why does the welding machine need to be equipped with a secondary electric shock protection device?
Answer: Since the no-load voltage of an AC welding machine can reach 50 to 90V, it is unsafe and can cause serious injuries. In order to prevent such accidents from happening, GB10235-2012 stipulates that in addition to installing a leakage protector on the primary side, an anti-shock protection device should also be installed on the secondary side. This device can reduce the no-load voltage to below 35-24v, so it can completely prevent electric shock accidents.
22. What are the "four understandings and three skills" for machinery operators at construction sites?
Answer: Understand the principles, performance, structure, usage, know how to operate, know how to maintain, and know how to troubleshoot.
23. What should be done after the installation of small and medium-sized machinery is completed?
Answer: You should check whether all parts, protective devices, brakes, limiters, wire ropes, safety chains, etc. are complete and reliable, whether lubricating oil has been added, and they can be handed over for use only after the trial operation is normal. .
24. How many meters should the working distance between oxygen bottles and acetylene bottles be? How many meters are the distances between various gas cylinders and open flames?
Answer: 5m and 10m.
25. When placing gas cylinders, should they generally be placed horizontally or vertically?
Answer: Stand up.
26. After the mixer is started, what speed should the mixing drum reach before loading?
Answer: Stable speed.
27. Why do we need to clean up the combustible materials around the site before welding and cutting?
Answer: Because welding and cutting are open flame and high-temperature operations, metal melts and sparks fly. If combustible materials are not removed from the work site, combustion accidents will occur.
28. What are the protection requirements for personnel operating rotating machinery and equipment?
Answer: You should wear "three tight" work clothes with tight cuffs, tight hems, and tight trousers; no gloves or scarves are allowed; female workers' braids should be coiled inside the work cap and not exposed outside the cap.
29. What should you pay attention to when using hand-held power tools?
Answer: (1) Before using the tool, a professional electrician should check whether the wiring is correct to prevent accidents caused by misconnection of the neutral line and phase line;
(2) If it is left unused for a long time or Before using damp tools, an electrician should measure whether the insulation resistance meets the requirements;
(3) The flexible cables or cords that come with the tools must not be extended when the power supply is far away from the workplace. , should be solved with a mobile electrical box;
(4) The original plug of the tool must not be removed or replaced at will, and it is strictly prohibited to directly insert the metal wire of the wire into the socket without a plug;
(5 ) If the tool shell or handle is found to be broken, stop using it and replace it.
(6) Non-professional personnel are not allowed to disassemble and repair tools without authorization;
(7) Rotating parts of hand-held tools should have protective devices;
(8 ) Operators must wear insulating protective equipment as required;
(9) A leakage protector must be installed at the power supply.
30. When a bulldozer bulldozes horizontally on a slope, how many degrees can the slope not exceed?
Answer: 30 degrees.
31. What are the safety requirements for using handheld power tools in humid places?
Answer: Class II or Class III tools should be used in wet places. If Class I tools are used, a leakage protector with a rated leakage operating current of no more than 30 mA and an operating time of no more than 0.1 seconds must be installed.
32. What safety measures should be taken when using handheld power tools in narrow places such as boilers, metal containers, pipes, etc.?
Answer: Class III tools should be used in the above places. If Class II tools are used, a leakage protector with a rated leakage operating current of no more than 15 mA and an operating time of no more than 0.1 seconds must be installed.
33. What regulations must be followed when using gas cylinders?
Answer: (1) It is prohibited to knock or collide to avoid damage and damage to the cylinder;
(2) When the cylinder valve freezes in winter, it is advisable to use hot water or other safe methods Thaw and do not bake with an open flame to prevent the mechanical properties of the cylinder material from deteriorating and the internal pressure of the cylinder from increasing;
(3) The cylinder should not be close to a heat source. The distance between combustible and combat-aiding gas cylinders and open flames should generally not be less than 10m;
(4) Avoid sunlight exposure in summer;
(5) The gas in the bottle must not be used up. Residual pressure remains. The residual pressure of combustible gas and combustion-supporting gas should be left at about 0.49MPa (5kg/c㎡), and the residual pressure of other gas cylinders can be lower;
(6) Electromagnetic cranes are not allowed to be used to transport gas cylinders to avoid When the power is lost, the gas cylinder may fall from a high altitude, causing damage and explosion;
(7) Gas cylinders containing gases that are prone to polymerization reactions must not be placed in places with radioactive rays.
34. What is the inspection period for various types of gas cylinders?
Answer: (1) Cylinders containing corrosive gases should be inspected every two years; (2) Cylinders containing general gases Gas cylinders shall be inspected every three years; (3) Liquefied petroleum gas cylinders, if used less than twenty years, shall be inspected every five years; if used more than twenty years, shall be inspected every two years; (4) Liquefied petroleum gas cylinders containing inert gases Cylinders should be inspected every five years. When the gas is found to be severely corroded or damaged during use, or its reliability is doubtful, it should be inspected in advance.
35. What should the safe operating procedures for gas cylinders include?
(1) Filling process indicators and requirements of gas cylinders; (2) Filling methods, operating procedures, and precautions; (3) Items and parts that should be inspected during use of gas cylinders. Possible abnormal situations and preventive measures; (4) Storage and maintenance methods when the gas cylinder is out of service.
6. Demolition operations
1. During the demolition operations at the construction site, in what order should the demolition be carried out layer by layer?
Answer: From outside to inside, from top to bottom.
2. What are the requirements for removing the formwork?
Answer: (1) Before dismantling the formwork, a concrete strength report is required to verify the structural strength;
(2) A solid operating platform is set up for work at a height of more than 3m;
(3) Set up guards and guardians in the demolition area.
3. What are the requirements for demolishing a building?
Answer: (1) When workers are engaged in demolition work, they should stand on specially erected scaffolding or other stable structural parts;
(2) Set up fences around the demolition, Put up warning signs, assign special personnel to monitor, and strictly prohibit irrelevant personnel from staying;
(3) When demolishing a building, it should be carried out in order from top to bottom, and it is prohibited to demolish several floors at the same time. When a certain part is dismantled, other parts should be prevented from collapsing;
(4) During the dismantling process, on-site lighting shall not use the distribution lines in the demolished building, but shall be provided separately.
4. What issues should be paid attention to when supporting or dismantling formwork at the construction site?
Answer: (1) The formwork support must be carried out according to the prescribed procedures, and the next process shall not be carried out before the formwork is fixed;
(2) It is strictly prohibited to climb up and down on the connections and supports. It is strictly prohibited to install and disassemble the formwork on the same vertical surface above and below; (3) When the support height is above 3m, diagonal supports and operating platforms must be installed around it; horse stools can be used below 3m;
(4) Suspended support There must be a solid footing when picking the formwork; supports or scaffolding must be set up to set up the formwork in the air; there are reserved holes on the formwork, which should be covered after installation; protective railings must be installed on the edge formed after the formwork is removed.
5. What preparations should be made before dismantling the scaffolding?
Answer: (1) A comprehensive inspection should be made of the fastener connections, wall fittings, support systems, etc. of the scaffold to see if they conform to the structure;
(2) A complete construction organization design should be supplemented based on the inspection The dismantling sequence and measures in the project can only be implemented after approval by the competent department;
(3) The person in charge of the unit project should make a technical briefing on dismantling safety;
(4) Should be cleared Debris on the scaffolding and obstacles on the ground.
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