Methods of expressing product quality

1. Expressing the quality of the goods in kind

Representing the quality of the goods by the actual quality of the goods being traded or by samples representing the quality of the goods, including:

(1) Seeing the goods and completing the transaction

Also known as spot trading, that is, buying and selling based on the actual quality of existing goods. Specific method: The seller displays the goods to the buyer at the place where the goods are stored, and the buyer or his agent inspects them one by one. If the goods are satisfactory, a transaction will be concluded with the seller. This practice is often seen in trade businesses such as consignment, auctions, and exhibitions.

(2) Sale by sample

It means that both parties to the transaction stipulate that the quality of the goods should be expressed by samples and used as the basis for the quality of the seller's delivery. In international trade practice, it is difficult to describe the quality of some goods in words, and they are represented by physical samples instead.

According to different sample providers, buying and selling by sample can be divided into:

①Buying and selling based on the seller’s sample

②Buying and selling based on the buyer’s sample

③Buy and sell based on equivalent samples

2. Use text descriptions to express the quality of the product

That is, use text, charts, photos, etc. to describe the quality of the product, including:

(1) Buying and selling based on specifications.

Refers to transactions that use indicators that reflect the quality of the product, such as ingredients, content, performance, etc., to determine the quality of the product. For example: "Tongyi" fresh orange juice drink, the fresh orange juice content is 10.

(2) Buy and sell based on grade.

Refers to transactions in which similar products are classified using words, numbers or symbols due to different specifications to determine the quality of the products. For example, the 2002 Chinese green tea is a special grade one.

(3) Buy and sell based on standards.

Refers to transactions in which the quality of goods is determined based on standards uniformly formulated by government agencies or industrial and commercial groups. For example, UL in the United States is the national inspection standard for electrical and electronic products.

When buying and selling agricultural and sideline products, there are two common standards: FAQ "Fair average quality" and GMQ "Good merchantable quality".

(4) Buy and sell based on instructions and drawings.

For some industrial products, such as electrical appliances, instruments, etc., it is difficult to use a few simple indicators to reflect their quality. Instead, instructions, photos or drawings are needed to specifically describe their internal structure and Performance, trading in this way is called buying and selling by specification and drawing.

(5) Buying and selling based on trademark or brand name.

Refers to certain goods with stable quality and good reputation in the market. When negotiating and signing contracts, buyers and sellers directly use the trademarks or trademarks of these goods as a representation of the quality of the goods. In this way Transaction is called buying and selling based on trademark or brand name. Such as "Zhang Xiaoquan" scissors, "Haier" household appliances, "Software" software, etc.

(6) Buy and sell based on the name of the place of origin.

The quality of some commodities, especially agricultural and sideline products, varies depending on the place of origin. In transactions, the place of origin alone can indicate the quality of the goods, that is, buying and selling based on the name of the place of origin. Such as Sichuan Fuling mustard, Zhejiang Jinhua ham, Shandong Longkou vermicelli, etc.