Aerospace and national defense.
Engineers at GE's R&D Center in China are still studying 3D printing technology. Just before this, they just successfully "printed" the important parts of the aero-engine with a 3D printer. Compared with traditional manufacturing, this technology will reduce the cost of this part by 30% and shorten the manufacturing cycle by 40%. Without time to celebrate this gratifying achievement, they hastily embarked on a new journey. Little known is that they have been "secretly" developing 3D printing technology for ten years.
Medical science. An 83-year-old man suffered from chronic bone infection, so he changed into a mandible "printed" by a 3D printer. This is the world's first case of making human bones with 3D printing products.
Cultural relics protection. Museums often use many complicated substitutes to protect the original works from the environment or accidents, and at the same time, replicas can also convey the influence of art or cultural relics to more and further people. Because Thomas Jefferson's original work will be exhibited in Virginia, the Smithsonian Museum has placed a huge 3D printing substitute in the original work.
Architectural design. In the construction industry, engineers and designers have accepted the building model printed by 3D printer, which is fast, low cost, environmentally friendly and beautifully made. It completely meets the requirements of designers and can save a lot of materials at the same time.
Manufacturing industry. Manufacturing also needs a lot of 3D printing products, because 3D printing is much better than traditional manufacturing in terms of cost, speed and accuracy. The 3D printing technology itself is very suitable for mass production, so the manufacturing industry can bring many benefits by using 3D technology, and even quality control is no longer a problem.
Food industry. Yes, it is "printing" food. The researchers have opened it
I started trying to print chocolate. Perhaps in the near future, many foods that look exactly the same will be "printed" by a food 3D printer. Of course, by then, artificially made food may be many times more expensive.
In daily life and production, the application of laser technology is more and more extensive. The following small series will introduce the specific applications of laser machines and the industries in which laser opportunities are used:
1, paper-cut (paper-cut, mobile phone key film, cards, etc. )?
Paper-cutting generally uses small models and double focusing mirrors, because the smoked paper is thinner and the graphics will be thinner. Small air pump is the most suitable, and RF tube is more ideal. Mobile phone key film is also a widely used customer at present, and is generally used for proofing. Usually a small model with a 50 mm focusing lens. The speed is 0.5- 1 m/min, and the light intensity is within 35%. Basically, all customers modify the graphic size by changing the graphic, and add the slit size. However, the requirements for the flatness of honeycomb floor are also very high.
2. Fabric embroidery industry?
High-speed damage machine CM or TM series is generally used for cloth cutting, and 50mm focusing lens is generally used. The normal speed of single-layer cutting is 5 m/min and the light intensity is 40%. The power of the air pump, the quality and smoothness of the honeycomb floor and the light intensity will all affect the rag effect. The greater the light intensity, the greater the thermal radiation, and the thinner it will produce gaps. The biggest problem of cutting at present is yellowing. Put the cloth flat on the honeycomb floor, start the exhaust fan, and take away the smoke and dust in time to prevent the smoke and dust generated during cutting from yellowing the cloth. Start the air compressor to ensure that the impurities, volatiles and smoke in the cutting seam are blown clean. It is more ideal to blow with inert gas (such as nitrogen).
(1) and ordinary fabrics (non-woven, polyester, polyester, silk, satin, twill, etc. ) are light and thin materials. In order to ensure the effect of incision, we usually choose a 50mm focusing lens with fine spot and small slit. Turn on the external equipment (ventilation and blowing) of the laser machine and suck the cloth evenly on the honeycomb floor. First, use a high-power air pump to pump air into the compressor for blowing. Speed: high speed can be used for large graphics or smooth parts of external curves of graphics. Take CM machine as an example, it is generally 3-10m/min; For small graphics or parts with many curves or corners inside the graphics, the low speed is usually 0.5-3m/min. Principle of light intensity matching: the strong light is high speed, and the small light intensity is low speed. Generally adjust the light intensity to 30-60. At low speed, it is 18-35%, and there should be a light intensity difference, generally around 5- 15%, so as to realize the matching of light intensity and light intensity when cutting straight lines and curves.
(2) Technological requirements for cutting special fabrics (white cotton cloth, dust-free cloth, cloth containing PC and plastic components, etc.). ): white cotton cloth is required to be cut without yellowing, dust-free cloth will not change color after cutting, and the incision will not become hard. For these two fabrics, we should choose a 50mm focusing mirror, preferably an imported RF laser, to ensure the quality and stability of the light spot. Turn on the suction blower (turn on the air compressor when cutting white cotton cloth), and nitrogen is recommended if possible. Speed: 1.5-3 m/min, light intensity: 20-30%. In order to achieve the purpose of not yellowing or hardening the incision, it is necessary to cut with medium speed and appropriate light intensity. If the speed is too fast, be sure to increase the light intensity, so that the incision will become discolored or hardened due to high-intensity high-temperature burns. When the speed is too slow, the light energy stays in the incision for too long, and the ideal effect cannot be achieved. As far as the current equipment and technology are concerned, it is difficult to meet the requirements of this technology perfectly, especially for thick white cotton surface, the incision will change color and the dust-free cloth will harden slightly.
(3) Cutting of double-layer cloth (adhesive) (the upper layer is cut through and the lower layer is not damaged or slightly damaged)
This is a processing technology in electronic industry, which requires high precision, stability and matching of light intensity and speed of laser. At present, domestic glass tubes are generally used for proofing, which can basically achieve the effect, but for batch processing, it is recommended to use imported RF lasers. Turn on the ventilation blower, suck the cloth evenly on the honeycomb, and adjust the flatness of the four corners of the honeycomb bottom plate. Setting of speed and light intensity: the specific parameters depend on the material, as long as they can be well matched. Generally, the upper layer is about 1.5-6 meters, and the light intensity is about18-35; There is no specific requirement for the light intensity and speed of the next layer, and it can be driven as quickly as possible on the premise of ensuring good incision quality, and there should be differences in setting the light intensity to ensure the same cutting depth during acceleration and deceleration. (Some materials can't be blown)
(4) Cutting of trademark signs (cloth, marks and trademarks)
At present, there are mainly two working modes: automatic camera shooting and semi-automatic manual cutting. Accuracy mainly depends on the debugging and positioning accuracy of the machine. There are some differences in each trace, so it is impossible to cut it completely along the edge. For the requirements of cutting, the way we adopt is similar to that of ordinary cloth cutting, but because the trademark of woven label is much larger than that of cloth in precision and hardness, there is also a great difference in light intensity and speed. The speed and light intensity depend on the specific workpiece. Reference parameters: speed 1.2-5m/min, light intensity 20-55%.
3. Die cutting?
The seams of the mold are mainly 0.45mm and 0.7mm, and the requirements for seams are strict, and the seam widths are basically the same. The materials are MDF and 6mm rubber sheet. These materials are hard and can only be cut slowly, so an air compressor must be equipped. 0.45 with 63.5 lenses, the speed is generally 0.2 meters to 0.4 meters per minute, 0.7 with 50 lenses, the thread is thickened to about 0.3mm and cut twice, and the speed is generally 0.3 to 0.5.
4. Wood carving?
Wood carving is mainly used for die-cutting boards, wood patterns, veneer inlaying, hanger carving, wooden photo frames, etc. Wood materials include plywood, solid wood board and medium density fiberboard. At present, plywood is the most widely used cutting material. Generally, plywood can be cut 3mm, 5mm and 7 mm, and it can be cut through at the normal speed of 3mm plywood 1.2 m/min, and some solid boards can be cut 10 mm ... depending on the material. It is best to use a 63.5mm focusing lens when cutting a 6mm die-cutting board. The speed is 0.2-0.4 m/min, and the light intensity is 75-80%. Add a big air pump or air compressor, the effect is more ideal. The general thickness of wood pattern cutting is 3? Below mm, the general speed is 0.5- 1.2 m/min. Wood veneer parquet cutting is generally equipped with a dual-focus lens. Customers with high requirements try to choose RF tubes. Because the point of the RF tube is thin and the seam is thin. Clothes hanger carving-it is best to choose a small engraving machine when carving. Woodcut sets the machine speed according to the size of the figure and the desired effect. Some customers want to carve more black, and they can choose out-of-focus carving. The size of the air pump affects the degree of combustion.
Cutting and carving of hot drilling template, various common materials of hot drilling template are: hot drilling paper, carving (density board) or thin acrylic. Generally, hot drilling paper is cut with a 50mm focusing lens, and the air blowing and air extraction are turned on, so that the cardboard is uniformly adsorbed on the honeycomb. There are no special requirements for cutting parameters and processing technology. Because the pattern at the cutting position is not too big, the speed is generally 0.5-3.5 m/min, and the light. The engraving speed of hot drilling plate is 10 m/min, the light intensity is 35%, and the resolution is above 600 dpi. It depends on the size of the hot drill. The bigger the hot drilling, the thicker the hot drilling, and the deeper the hot drilling plate is engraved.
5. Leather cutting and carving?
Leather is mainly used for vamp carving, handbags, leather gloves, bags and so on. Some manufacturing processes are punching holes, hooking lines or cutting patterns on the surface. The process requirements are: the surface of the hook line is not yellow, the material background color is carved, the leather trimming is not black, and the carving should be clear. Materials include synthetic leather, PU leather, PVC artificial leather, leather wool, semi-finished products, and various leather fabrics. The engraving speed depends on the size of the pattern. The drawing speed of small patterns is relatively slow, 0.8m/min, the cutting speed of large patterns is1.5-3m/min, and the illumination intensity is 75%, so ordinary leather can be cut through. Dermal cutting is a little slow, the speed is 0.4- 1.2m/min, and the light intensity is 60-75%. The incision of dermal cutting will be black, and gas cutting will form an oxide layer at the incision. If the incision is not black at all, it will be difficult to meet the requirements. They must be treated, for example, the black edges can be removed with plasticine after cutting. It also smells when cut out. So far, there is no way to solve it. Cutting with nitrogen requires high-pressure nitrogen, which is slow and costly, but the cutting effect without oxide layer is better. According to different leather materials, choose different cutting methods. For example, artificial leather can be marked with wet water first, and then marked, and the effect is more ideal. The cut surface of the dermis can be covered with masking paper to prevent the surface from yellowing; The edge is black and needs special treatment. ?
6. Dichroic board carving and cutting?
According to the different colors of materials, the same characters are carved on the black and white bicolor board, and the effect is completely opposite. Generally, a 50mm focusing lens is used for carving, with a resolution of 350-500dpi, a speed of 8-20 m/min and a light intensity of 20-30%. The size of the air pump affects the degree of burning of the carving. The bigger the blowing, the more blurred the carving effect, so it is best not to blow, and take down the jet cup {if you don't blow the carving, it will block the air nozzle. When the bicolor board is cut, the edge will melt a little, the edge will turn black, and the edge must be scraped flat with a blade. Speed 1 m/min, light intensity 50-60%. Sometimes, you can cut the film, and then tear it off, so that the edge surface is more ideal.
7. light carving?
Lighting materials: basically PVC, with cloth on the surface and paper. The production process includes punching, carving, flower-shaped cutting and so on. Some need to draw lines outside the focus, and some need to be cut into flower shapes, depending on the size of the body. The general cutting speed is 1.5 m/min, and the light intensity is 45%. Use a big air pump or air compressor, and the edges will not turn yellow. Sculpture is generally at 15 m/min, with a light intensity of 30%, a resolution of 200dpi and a flat bottom.
8. Marble carving?
Generally, marble carvings are all made of pure black material, and there are no miscellaneous points. In this way, the carved figure image can be clearly seen after image processing. The engraving speed is 8m/min, the light intensity is 40%, the resolution is 600dpi, and the number of lines is 45 lines/inch.
9. Carton packaging industry (rubber board)?
The main model used in rubber carving is YM series, generally using 50mm focusing lens, and the format is >:? PLT and BMP PLT is mainly used to hook edges. The two formats have their own advantages, and the specific situation is analyzed. When the lettering height is greater than 10mm or the pattern stroke lines are greater than 1.5mm, a 7mm single-layer ordinary rubber plate can be taken as an example. When the edge is hooked, the surface of the newspaper is humidified, and an air leakage jet cup is equipped to prevent the wet newspaper from blowing up due to excessive blowing, so that the hook line is more delicate. At this time, the speed is generally adjusted to: 0.5-0.8 m/min, and the faster the speed, the greater the sawtooth; The adjustment of light intensity is 20%-50%. With the adjustment of depth, the light intensity can reach 60%-70% if it is deeper. Double-layer offset plate: the light intensity of 4mm double-layer offset plate should reach the depth of 1.5mm, the speed should be adjusted to 0.5 m/min, and the light intensity should be 45%, depending on the specific situation. If the height of the character you are carving is less than 10mm, carving is generally adopted at this time, and the speed is generally adjusted to10-15m/min; The adjustment of light intensity is the top depth of 18%-28%, the depth of 55%-75%, the slope of 0.8- 1.5, and the resolution is generally 500-600dpi. The denser or smaller the text, the smaller the light intensity and the smaller the slope.
10, acrylic carving?
There are many kinds of plexiglass materials, and there are great differences between imported plexiglass and domestic plexiglass. Imported plexiglass is very smooth when cut out, and some domestic plexiglass will blister because of too many impurities. Acrylic cutting generally uses low-speed machines, because the laser tube power is not very large, and the precision of thin material is relatively high. The speed is generally not more than 3m/min. For example, in CMB series, the lines produced by linear guides are very thin and smooth. At present, we have five kinds of focusing lenses, the focal length is (50mm\63.5mm\75mm\ 100mm), plus double focusing lenses.
According to the material thickness:
Thick material cutting (10-20mm)
75mm focusing lens is generally used for plexiglass above 10mm, 100mm focusing lens is used for plexiglass above 25mm, and the deepest part can cut plexiglass of 32 mm.. 10mm plexiglass cutting: the cutting speed is generally 0.08-0. 12 m/min, and the light intensity is 60-70%. When the light intensity is 60%, the time is the most stable, and the leaky spray cup adjusts the gas flow to make the edge smoother. Because the blowing is bigger, the melt is blown back to the plexiglass by the auxiliary high-pressure gas, forming a shiny surface. Try to turn down the wind. Sometimes, customers need to add paper or film to cut, then the wind can not be too small, otherwise it will catch fire. When cutting plexiglass, speed and light intensity must be well matched. The slower the speed, the better the smoothness. It is best to use imported high-power laser for plexiglass with the size above1.5 mm. When carving plexiglass, use a leaking jet cup. Try not to carve too deep, because it is difficult to achieve the flatness of the bottom. If the air is too deep, it will affect the edge effect of carving. Carve it finer and clearer, not too deep and too stingy. What needs to be paid attention to in acrylic engraving is the setting of resolution. If you output BMP format, the resolution should generally be above 600dpi. At this time, the speed is 8- 18 m/min and the light intensity is 20%-30.
Cut thin material (2 2- 10/0mm). For plexiglass below 5 mm, use a 50mm focusing lens, the cutting speed is 0.35-0.8 m/min, and the light intensity is 45-65%. For plexiglass below 5- 10mm, a focusing lens of 63.5 mm is generally used, and the cutting speed is 0. 15-0. If serious vibration (vibration) occurs during engraving, the accuracy of the engraving machine will also be greatly reduced. Therefore, the width of the cut plexiglass model should not exceed 1 m as far as possible, and some white powder will be produced in the process of carving the character image with plexiglass, which will make it feel clearer, and it will be more blurred if it is erased with water after carving. It depends on what to do according to the specific effect. Carving of glass (or mirror).
For some real glass carving, some customers carve a frosted effect on the glass, but the sharp place will be broken, so the speed and light intensity are very high. General speed 10 m/min, light intensity 35%. Mirror engraving generally uses a metal marking machine, and the bottom is more delicate and smooth.