Common fine varieties of kiwifruit include Guichang, Yueyin 2205, Wuzhi No. 3, Cuiyu, Longzanghong, Hongyang, Heping No. 1, Miliang No. 1, Xuxiang (Quxiang No. 3) , delicious kiwi, Chinese kiwi, red kiwi, golden kiwi.

Kiwi fruit (Actinidia chinensis Planch), also known as kiwi fruit, fox peach, vine pear, sheep peach, muzi, hairy tree fruit, hemp fruit, etc., the fruit shape is generally oval, and the early appearance is green Brown, reddish-brown when mature, the skin is covered with dense velvet and is inedible. Inside is bright green pulp and a row of black or red seeds. Because macaques like to eat, it is named kiwi fruit; it is also said that it is named because the peel is covered with hair and looks like a macaque. It is a fruit with fresh quality, rich nutrition and delicious flavor.

Kiwi fruit has a soft texture and a sweet and sour taste. The flavor is described as a mix of strawberry, banana, and pineapple. In addition to containing organic compounds such as kiwibase, proteolytic enzymes, tannins, pectins and sugars, as well as trace elements such as calcium, potassium, selenium, zinc, germanium and 17 kinds of amino acids required by the human body, kiwi fruit is also rich in vitamin C, grape Acid, fructose, citric acid, malic acid, fat.

The northern foothills of the Qinling Mountains are the area with the richest kiwi fruit resources in China, and the history of private cultivation lasts for more than a thousand years.

Common fine varieties

Guichang

"Guichang" kiwi fruit is grown in Xiuwen County, Guizhou Province, which has a long history and a gathering of people. It is located in central Guizhou. It is famous all over the world because of the enlightenment of the Ming Dynasty sage Wang Yangming, and is known as the "Holy Land of Wang Xue". It has a mid-subtropical climate, with mild climate, abundant rainfall, no severe cold in winter and no scorching heat in summer. The altitude of the territory is 1200-1400 m. The superior climate environment is conducive to the cultivation and development of "Guichang" kiwifruit. "Guichang" kiwifruit is cultivated by grafting local wild kiwifruit. The average fruit weight is 70-100 grams. The fruit body is long and cylindrical, with emerald green flesh. The flesh is tender, pulpy, rich in juice, sweet and refreshing, sour. Unique quality of moderate sweetness. Guichang kiwifruit is known as the "King of Kings" for its high quality among similar products across the country.

No expanding agents are used during the planting process, and it is completely organic and natural. "Guichang" kiwifruit was rated as "Quality Agricultural Products of Guizhou Province" and "Guiyang Tourism Product" in 2000 for its unique quality. In 2004, it obtained the pollution-free agricultural product origin certification. In March 2011, Xiuwen kiwifruit obtained the National Geographic Certificate trademark, the products sell well all over the country.

Yueyin 2205

Also known as Zaoxian, it was introduced from Jiangxi in 1984. The tips of the branches are light brown, and the annual branches are purple-brown with sparse lenticels; the leaves are approximately heart-shaped. The flowers are mostly solitary, with about 37 styles; the fruit is cylindrical, with an average fruit weight of 87.3 grams and a maximum fruit weight of 130 grams. The flesh is yellow-green, fine and juicy, moderately sweet and sour, with a strong flavor and aroma, and contains 12.4% of soluble solids. ~14.7, total sugar 6.09~11.08, vitamin C 93.7~147.5 mg/100g. The fruit core is medium in size and the average number of seeds per fruit is 600-800. Ripe in early to mid-August. The storage period is 5 to 7 days at room temperature.

The plant has medium growth potential. It sprouts branches 2-4 times a year, with a germination rate of 40-65%, a branching rate of 82.5-100%, and a fruiting branch rate of 53-77%. The main fruiting branches are medium and short fruiting branches. Fruit will bear fruit 2 to 3 years after planting, and the yield per mu will reach about 600 kilograms in four years. Strong resistance to wind, insects, high temperature and drought.

Wuzhi No. 3

Breed from the Wuhan plant selection of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It was introduced to our county in the spring of 1987. The germination period is early to mid-March and the flowering period is mid-April. Maturity period is late August. The fruit stalk is short, the fruit is oval, the peel is dark green, and it is sparsely hairy. The average fruit weight is 85 grams, and the maximum fruit weight is 150 grams. The flesh is light green, the core is yellow, and it is small; the flesh is fine, juicy, rich in flavor, and of high quality. Soluble solids 15, reducing sugar 7.32, sugar-acid ratio 8:1, vitamin C content 184.8mg/100g pulp, it will start to soften after 1 week of storage at room temperature.

The plant has strong growth potential, with a germination rate of 53 and a flowering branch rate of 83. It mainly produces flowers in sequence, with an average number of flowers of 8. There are a few conjoined twin-ovary flowers. The three-year-old tree produces 15- 17kg. Relatively disease and drought resistant.

Emerald

Emerald kiwi fruit is a new variety jointly bred by the Hunan Provincial Horticulture Research Institute and Zhang Shicheng ***, Longzhuangwan Township, Xupu County, Hunan Province. In September 2001, Through the appraisal of provincial experts, the fruit quality is excellent, the fruit shape is large, the flavor is rich and delicious, the fruit is extremely storage-resistant, and the yield is high and stable. It is an early and medium-ripening variety with excellent comprehensive traits. The fruit orchard of this variety is cone-shaped, with protruding fruit, green-brown peel, smooth and hairless fruit surface. The average fruit weight is 85-95 grams, and the maximum fruit weight is 129-242 grams. The flesh is green or emerald green, dense, tender and juicy, with a sweet flavor and a soluble solids content of 17.3-19.5.

The vitamin C content is 143 mg/100 g, the total acidity is 1.4, and the total sugar is 16-22. The maturity period is mid-September. The yield of three-year-old plants reaches 20 kg, with the highest plant yield of 49 kg. The peak production period is mu The yield can reach 2500-4000 kg. The comprehensive traits are better than those of the control varieties Fengyue, Zaoxian, Kuimi, Bixiang, Qinmei, Jinkui, Hayward, etc. The storability of jadeite is very strong, similar to the New Zealand fine variety Hayward, far more than other main varieties. It can be stored for more than 30 days at room temperature (around 25 degrees Celsius), with a good fruit value of 89 degrees Celsius. It can be stored until 2 days of the following year when harvested around the beginning of winter. -April. Another more prominent advantage is that the fruit does not need to be completely soft and ripe before it can be eaten. It can be eaten when the hardness is around 5kg/cm. It has a rich and sweet flavor and no astringency. This characteristic is even better than that of Hayward.

Longzanghong

Longzanghong kiwifruit is a new kiwifruit variety selected from wild resources at the kiwifruit planting base in Xiaoshajiang Town, Longhui County, Hunan Province. The red-fleshed kiwifruit variety is a particularly early-maturing red-heart variety with excellent comprehensive traits. After multiple generations of identification and multi-site trials by the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, its offspring have stable genetic traits, strong stress resistance, larger fruits, and a rich and sweet flavor. It is delicious, resistant to storage, has high and stable yields, and has high dual-use value for fresh eating and processing. It is a unique variety in the country. The fruits of this variety are cylindrical, with an average fruit weight of 70-80g and a maximum fruit weight of 125g. The peel is brown-green and the surface is smooth and hairless. The central part of the fruit is bright red around the central axis, and the cross section of the fruit shows a radial color pattern, which is extremely beautiful and attractive. The pulp is tender and juicy, with a sweet and delicious flavor. The soluble solid content is 16.5-23, the acid content is 1.47, and the solid-to-acid ratio is 11.2. It has a rich aroma and is of high quality. The fruit has average storage properties. It will begin to soften and ripen after 10-14 days of storage at room temperature (25°C). It can be stored for about 3 months under refrigerated conditions.

The Long Tibetan mangrove tree is strong and has a large amount of new shoot growth. Its germination rate is 36.3-73.7, its branching ability is extremely strong, its fruiting branch rate is about 85, and each fruit branch bears 3-8 fruits. The average fruit set is 6, and the average plant yield in the third year is about 20-25kg. In the peak season, the yield per mu can reach 2000-3000kg, and the yield is high and stable. Longzang red kiwifruit can grow and bear fruit normally in both high and low altitude areas. It has good ecological adaptability, high and stable yields, excellent fruit quality, strong resistance to high temperature and drought, and strong resistance to diseases and pests. However, at low altitudes When cultivated in certain areas, the red color of the fruit becomes lighter. Cultivated in areas above an altitude of 1,000 meters best reflects the characteristics of the red heart of the fruit. Therefore, Longsanghong is more suitable for planting in areas with higher altitudes (1000-1500m) to fully express its variety characteristics.

Hongyang

The fruits of Hongyang kiwi fruit are medium-large and neat. Generally, a single fruit weighs 60-110g, and the maximum fruit weight is 130g. The fruit is short cylindrical, with green-brown skin and hairless skin. . It has a lot of juice, moderate sweetness and sourness, and is fragrant and refreshing; it is good for both fresh eating and processing, and is especially suitable for making craft dishes. Hongyang kiwifruit has a total sugar content of 13.45%, which is nearly 5 percentage points higher than the world's popular variety Haywater, while the total acid content is only 0.49%, and the soluble solid content is 16.5%. It is rich in calcium, iron, potassium and other minerals and seventeen kinds of amino acids. Vitamin C is as high as 135. It will be launched in late August and can be stored until February of the following year using temperature control.

The cross-section of the Hongyang kiwi fruit core has radial red stripes in the shape of the sun. It is radiant and dazzling. It is a feast for the eyes and a feast for the mouth. It contains red pigment that has the effect of nourishing blood and nourishing the skin. A rare variety selected from wild resources in Cangxi, Sichuan, was approved and named by the Sichuan Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee in 1997 [12]. Since then, many excellent lines have been bred on this basis, such as Wanhong, Hongmei, etc. Red meat varieties.

Heping No. 1

This strain is germinated from delicious kiwi grafted rootstock imported from Hunan. Elected in 1990. The plant has medium growth potential, dense branches, slender branches, medium-large leaves, thick, and dark green. One-year-old branches are grey-brown with smaller lenticels. The budding period is in mid or late March, the flowering period is in late April to early May, and the fruit maturity period is in early to mid-October. The fruits can be left on the branches until December. The leaf-falling period is in mid-December and the growth period is about 250 days. The yield is average. The yield of a 6-year-old plant is 24 kilograms. The average fruit weight is more than 80 grams. The fruit is cylindrical, with brown skin and long and dense hairs. The pulp is green and fragrant, containing 14-16 soluble solids, 7.88 total sugars, and 77.1 mg of vitamin C per 100 grams of pulp. The fruit storage period at room temperature is 10-25 days, which is 13-18 days longer than Chinese kiwi fruit. During cultivation, it is necessary to strengthen fertilizer and water management, provide sufficient organic fertilizer, and rationally thin flowers and fruits to increase single fruit weight. The male to female ratio for planting is 6:1.

Miliang No. 1

The variety "Yueyin Heping No. 2" was introduced from Jishou University in Hunan in the spring of 1990. It grows vigorously, with large, thick, dark green leaves. One-year-old branches are grey-brown with large lenticels. The germination period is in mid or late March, and the flowering period is in late April. There are a small number of twin-chambered and triple-chambered conjoined flowers. The fruit matures in mid-to-late September. The fruit is long and cylindrical with brown skin. The average fruit weight is 87 grams, and the maximum fruit weight is 135 grams. The flesh is yellow-green, juicy, fragrant, sweet and sour. Contains soluble solids 15, total sugar 7.35, total acid 1.25, vitamin C content 77.1 mg/100 grams of pulp. The fruit can be stored at room temperature for 7-14 days. This variety is high-yielding, has mild annual growth, and is highly drought-resistant.

Xu Xiang (Quxiang No. 3)

That is, "Yueyin Heping No. 3" orchard in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, selected from Hayward seedlings. Introduced in Xuzhou Orchard in 1994. The fruit stalk is short and thick, the fruit is round, the peel is yellow-green, covered with brown hard bristles, the skin is thin and easy to peel off. Generally, the average single fruit weight is 79 grams, and the maximum single fruit weight is 137 grams. The pulp is green, with a lot of juice, a sweet and sour taste, a strong aroma, and excellent quality. The soluble solid content is 14.3-17.8, and the vitamin C content per 100 grams of fresh pulp is 99.4-123 mg. The fruit maturity period is early to mid-September. The fruit can be stored for 7-10 days at room temperature.

Delicious kiwi fruit

A large deciduous vine with a plant height of more than 10 meters. Most of the branches are covered with long, yellowish-brown hairs, and the hairs remain after they fall off. Winter buds are covered with hairy scales, often embedded under the skin, with only small holes visible, semi-exposed or clusters of hairs growing on them. The leaves are broadly ovate to obovate, and the petioles have yellowish-brown long bristles. The female flowers are larger, about 3.5 cm in diameter. There are hard and coarse hairs on the fruit.

Chinese kiwi

A large deciduous vine with a plant height of more than 8 meters. The young branches are covered with gray and white hairs, and the hairs fall off easily. The winter buds are covered with several hairy scales and appear naked. Leaves are broadly ovate to elliptical. The diameter of female flowers is 1.8-2.5 cm, and the diameter of male flowers is 1.5-2.1 cm. The fruits are brown-green or yellow-brown, with soft or rough hairs on the cover, and the hairs fall off easily.

Red-heart kiwifruit

The fruit is cylindrical and obovate, with a concave top and base, thin green skin, soft and easy-to-remove hairs; yellow-green flesh, white central axis, and ovary Bright red, the cross section of the fruit shows a radial red, yellow and green sun-like pattern; the average fruit weight is about 69 grams, and the maximum fruit weight is 110 grams.

The red heart kiwi tree has a compact crown, good growth, strong plants, thick branches, and soft branches. In the second year after planting, 30 plants tried to bear fruit, and all in the third year, 2 to 3 years earlier than Hayward. It enters the fruiting period in the fourth year. Generally, the fruiting period can last for 30 to 40 years. It has a long economic life: the fruiting branches account for 65% of the germination branches. The fruiting branches can bear 1 to 4 fruits each year, with a maximum of 5. The fruit setting rate is more than 90%. , the physiological fruit drop phenomenon is not obvious, and the yield of a single plant is about 20 kilograms; it has strong wind resistance and strong disease resistance to brown spot, leaf spot and canker, but its drought resistance is weaker than other varieties.

Golden kiwi fruit

Golden kiwi fruit is one of the varieties of kiwi fruit, originating from New Zealand. It is named after the ripe fruit flesh is yellow. Golden fruit ("Hort 16A") is diploid, the fruit is long oval, the fruit has a pointed beak, the fruit is medium in size, and the weight of a single fruit is 80-140g. If the biological accelerator BenifitPZ is used, the proportion of large fruits will increase. The soft ripe flesh is yellow to golden yellow, sweet and aromatic, tender and rich in flavor. The soluble solids content is 15-19, the dry matter content is 17-20, and the fruit hardness is 1.2-1.4kg/cm. The fruit has medium storage properties and can be stored for 12 to 16 weeks under refrigerated conditions (0±0.5)°C. At 20°C, the shelf life of the fruit is about 3 to 10 days. The edible hardness of the fruit is 1.0-1.5kg, and the flavor is obviously different from "Hayward". The optimal storage temperature should be (1.5±0.5)℃ to reduce refrigeration damage and rot.