The key technologies of the Internet of Things mainly include wireless sensor networks, ZigBee, M2M technology, RFID technology, NFC technology and low-energy Bluetooth technology.

1. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is a distributed sensor network, and its terminal is a sensor that can sense and check the outside world.

The sensor of WSN communicates wirelessly, so the network setting is flexible, the location of the equipment can be changed at any time, and it can also be connected to the Internet by wired or wireless means. Multi-hop self-organizing network formed by wireless communication.

2.ZigBee:ZigBee, also known as ZigBee, is a wireless network protocol with low speed and short distance transmission. The bottom layer is the media access layer and the physical layer, which adopts the IEEE 802. 15.4 standard specification. The main features are low speed, low power consumption, low cost, support for a large number of online nodes, support for a variety of online topologies, low complexity, fast, reliable and safe.

3.M2M technology: The full name of M2M is Machine to Machine, which refers to the data transmission from one terminal to another, that is, the dialogue between machines.

M2M application system consists of intelligent machine, M2M hardware, communication network and middleware. M2M applications include home applications, industrial applications, retail and payment, logistics and transportation, and medical services.

4.RFID technology: Radio frequency identification (RFID) is an automatic identification technology, which carries out non-contact two-way data communication through radio frequency.

Using radio frequency to read and write recording media (electronic tags or radio frequency cards) to identify targets and exchange data is considered as one of the most promising information technologies in the 2 1 century.

5.NFC technology: near field communication, near field communication. Like RFID, NFC information is transmitted through electromagnetic induction coupling in the radio frequency part of the spectrum, but there are still great differences between them.

First of all, NFC is a wireless connection technology, which can provide simple, safe and fast communication. Its transmission range is smaller than RFID, which can reach several meters or even dozens of meters. However, due to its unique signal attenuation technology, NFC has the characteristics of short distance, high bandwidth and low energy consumption compared with RFID.

Secondly, NFC is compatible with the existing contactless smart card technology and has become a formal standard supported by more and more major manufacturers.

6. Low-power Bluetooth technology: Bluetooth low-power (or Bluetooth LE, BLE, the old trademark Bluetooth Smart) is also called low-power Bluetooth, which is a personal local area network technology designed and sold by the Bluetooth Technology Alliance, aiming at emerging applications in the fields of medical care, sports and fitness, beacon, security and home entertainment.

Compared with classic Bluetooth, low-power Bluetooth aims to maintain the same communication range while significantly reducing power consumption and cost.