Historical evolution

Yantai was the land of the Dongyi people in ancient times. During the Xia Dynasty, the Dongyi people established their country here (the administrative seat is just west of present-day Laizhou City). During the Shang Dynasty, the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the Spring and Autumn Period, it was the territory of Lai State. It belonged to Qi during the Warring States Period. It belonged to Qi County in the Qin Dynasty, Donglai County in the Han Dynasty, Donglai State in the Jin Dynasty, Donglai and Changguang County in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Laizhou in the Sui Dynasty, and Dengzhou in the Tang Dynasty. , Laizhou, Song and Yuan Dynasties. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was Dengzhou Prefecture and Laizhou Prefecture.

In 1398 (the thirty-first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty), in order to prevent the intrusion of pirates, Qishan Guards Station was set up in Yantai, which was the earliest prototype of Yantai city; a beacon tower was set up in Zhifu, also known as "Langyan Tower". ", hence the name Yantai.

In June 1858, the Qing government signed the "Tianjin Treaty" with Britain, France and other countries, and 10 places including Pedeng Prefecture became treaty ports.

In May 1861, Dengzhou was changed to Yantai, and preparations for the establishment of Donghai Customs were announced. Since then, 17 countries including Britain, France, and the United States have successively established consulates in Yantai.

On February 14, 1862, the Denglai Qingbing Road was moved from Laizhou to Yantai, and Daotai Chongfang also served as the supervisor of the East Customs. In 1904, it was renamed Denglai Qingjiao Road and governed Dengzhou Prefecture, Laizhou Prefecture, Qingzhou Prefecture and Jiaozhou Prefecture.

On November 12, 1911, the Shandong branch of the Tongmenghui held an uprising in Yantai. The Shandong Military Government was established on the 13th (renamed Shandong Yantai Military Government Branch the next day). At the beginning of the Republic of China, prefectures and states were abolished.

In May 1914, Jiaodong Road was established and Yantai was established. In 1925 it was the Tokaido.

In 1932, Yantai Special Economic Zone was directly under the jurisdiction of the Provincial Department of Civil Affairs. In 1945, Yantai Administrative Region was established. Administrative division of Yantai In 1947, Yantai was established as a provincial city.

At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, today's Yantai was under the jurisdiction of Wendeng District, Laiyang District and Yantai City, and was under the Shandong Provincial Government.

In 1956, Wendeng Prefecture was abolished and merged into Laiyang Prefecture, which governed 1 city and 15 counties, namely Weihai City (county level), Wendeng County, Rushan County, Rongcheng County, Laiyang County, Ye County, Qixia County, Huang County, Penglai County, Changdao County, Fushan County, Zhaoyuan County, Mouping County, Haiyang County, Laixi County (belonging to Qingdao after 1983), Jimo (belonging to Yantai from 1961 to 1978).

In 1958, Laiyang District was changed to Yantai District, and its administrative jurisdiction is equivalent to the entire Yantai and Weihai cities and part of Qingdao City today.

In 1967, Yantai Prefecture was changed to Yantai Prefecture, directly under the provincial government.

In 1983, the Yantai area was changed to Yantai City (prefecture-level city), and the city governed the county. The original Fushan County and Yantai City (county-level city) were changed to Fushan District and Zhifu District respectively, and Yantai City was under the jurisdiction of the county. It governs 2 districts, 1 city and 12 counties.

The prefecture-level Yantai City was established in November 1983.

In October 1987, the prefecture-level city of Weihai was established. The county-level Weihai City (today's Huancui District), which originally belonged to Yantai, and the three counties of Rongcheng, Wendeng, and Rushan were separated from Yantai.

In 2008, Yantai City administered 4 municipal districts, 1 economic and technological development zone, 1 high-tech zone, 1 export processing zone, 1 county, and hosted 7 county-level cities.

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History and Culture

The name Yantai comes from Zhifu

Yantai was called Zhifu in ancient times. Yantai has a long history and is one of the birthplaces of early culture in ancient China. As early as the late Pleistocene (about 10,000 to 20,000 years ago before the night view of Zhifu Bay), humans were thriving here. Since the Xia and Shang Dynasties, all Chinese dynasties have attached great importance to the rule of this place. According to "Historical Records", after Qin Shihuang unified China, he made three eastward tours and visited Zhifu Island three times; Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also visited Zhifu Island for his enthronement ceremony. In 631, Japan's first missionary to the Tang Dynasty also landed on Zhifu Island. At present, Yantai is still represented by the name "Zhifu" on the nautical charts of many countries. The city of Yantai has a history of more than 600 years. In 1398 (the 31st year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty), in order to prevent the intrusion of pirates, a Langyan pier was built in Zhifu, also known as the "Langyan Tower", from which Yantai got its name. In 1858 (the eighth year of Xianfeng reign in the Qing Dynasty), the Sino-French Treaty of Tianjin opened Dengzhou as a treaty port, and three years later it was changed to Yantai. So far, Yantai has a history of 150 years.

Ancestors who worshiped the sun

Yantai City is one of the earliest areas where humans thrived. In the southwest of Zhifu District, Yantai City, about 1.5 kilometers away from the current coast, there was a small harbor 7,000 years ago. Here, the Baishi people, who combined sea fishing and agricultural production as their main means of livelihood, created a splendid prehistoric culture.

The Neolithic stone axes, stone shovels, stone net pendants, triangular-foot basin-shaped tripod, bone needles and other artifacts unearthed at the Baishi Village site have the cultural characteristics of the Jiaodong coastal area. The grinding of the bone tools was quite fine, and the bone needles were close to the later steel needles, indicating that the polishing, weaving, and sewing technologies at that time were already at a high level. Cultural relics unearthed in Changdao County show that it is one of the birthplaces of the Dawenkou Culture, which dates back more than 5,000 years ago, and the Longshan Culture, which dates back more than 4,000 years. During the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, which dates back more than 4,000 to 2,500 years ago, the coastal areas of Yantai were one of the important areas for Dongyi people’s activities. Dongyi people not only have developed fisheries and salt industries, but also have active commodity circulation. A pottery sherd unearthed in Changdao was engraved with seven or eight suns, and the rays of the sun were repeatedly depicted, indicating that the Dongyi people were ancestors who worshiped the sun very much.

The place where Qin Shihuang made three eastward tours

After Qin Shihuang unified the world, he made three eastward tours, all of which left footprints in Yantai. Qin Shihuang's first eastward tour was in 219 BC. The 40-year-old Qin Shihuang traveled eastward along the Bohai Bay, inspecting the eastern seaboard in search of the elixir of immortality. On the way, he met Xu Fu, a native of Qi. Xu Fu offered him the way to immortality, and said that there are "Three God Mountains" of Penglai, Yingzhou, and Abbot in the sea, where immortals live in the King's Pavilion of Qionglou, and the grass of immortality grows there. Qin Shihuang believed it to be true, so he sent Xu Fu and thousands of boys and girls to go into the sea on a large ship to seek the elixir. The following year, Qin Shihuang made his second eastward tour. He went to Zhifu Island and carved stone tablets to praise his martial arts and martial arts. In 210 BC, Qin Shihuang was nearly 50 years old, and his desire for immortality became stronger and stronger. He found Xu Fu on his third eastward tour [1]. Seeing Qin Shihuang's anger, Xu Fu lied and said that there was a big fish in the sea blocking his way and he could not reach the fairy mountain. Qin Shihuang was so eager to seek the medicine that he personally set up a repeating crossbow to hunt down the big fish. When he arrived at Zhifu, he finally found a big fish, drew his bow and shot it with his own hands. Xu Fu then set sail to Japan and opened the first page of China's foreign exchanges in history. Qin Shihuang's wish for immortality was not fulfilled in the end, but he left relics such as "The Way of the First Emperor" and "Two Views Engraved Stones" on Zhifu Island. The site "Yangzhu Temple" where Qin Shihuang worshiped one of the "Eight Lords" was built on the sunny slope of Zhifu Island. Now there is Qin Shi Huang's Eastern Tour Palace in Yantai City Development Zone to commemorate Qin Shi Huang.

One of the starting points of the Maritime Silk Road

Yantai City’s maritime industry occupies an important position in the country. Zhifu Bay in downtown Yantai is a natural harbor with deep water and flat beach, with a barrier at its back. During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods more than 2,000 years ago, it was an important anchorage on China's Northern Route. During the Tang Dynasty more than 1,000 years ago, Dengzhou (today's Penglai City) in Yantai's jurisdiction was a famous seaport in the country. Together with Guangzhou, Jiaozhou and Yangzhou, it was known as the four major trading ports and was the main port from the north to overseas. Japan sent envoys to the Tang Dynasty 13 times to seek legal advice and explore ways of development, and the first time they landed was in Zhifu. In the fourth year of Chunhua (AD 979), Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty sent an envoy to North Korea, and it was also Zhifu who sent him. China's silk, iron smelting, papermaking and other technologies were introduced from Yantai to North Korea, Japan and other places, and Yantai was known as the starting point of the maritime "Silk Road". Dengzhou Ancient Port was one of the most prosperous ports in ancient northern China. Among them, Penglai Water City, also known as Beiwa City, was built in the ninth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1376 AD) and is the most complete ancient military port in China. (From the west of Congling to Europe is the western section of the Silk Road. The route via the Caspian Sea to Constantinople was opened in the middle of the Tang Dynasty.)

One of the birthplaces of modern Chinese industry

Yantai is one of the birthplaces of modern industry in China. In 1892, Zhang Bishi, an overseas Chinese living in Southeast Asia, founded Changyu Brewing Company in Yantai and hired the Austrian consul in Yantai as a sommelier, which was a success. Ruifeng Flour Mill was established in Yantai in 1912; a power plant was established in 1913; 5 canneries were built from 1913 to 1915; Li Dongshan built a bell factory in 1915. In the same year, Changyu Wine won the International Gold Medal; Liquan Beer was established in 1920 company. Changyu Brewing Company and Bell Factory are the earliest start-up manufacturers in China, and canneries and breweries are the first start-up factories in Shandong. Yantai has created and broken many world records from the World Records Association, creating a number of world bests.

The birthplace of China’s modern postal service

Yantai is the birthplace of China’s modern postal service. In 1868, Yantai Customs set up a postal service office to also handle the delivery of documents for foreign envoys. This was the bud of modern postal service in China. In 1879, the Qing government decided to launch trials in five locations including Beijing, Tianjin, Yantai, Niuzhuang (Yingkou), and Shanghai. The establishment of a postal service was the forerunner of China’s modern postal service.

This matter is related to Sheng Xuanhuai. Because China's modern postal service came into being with the Westernization Movement, and Sheng Xuanhuai was the most important leader of the Westernization Movement. As Li Hongzhang's "right-hand man", he had been to Yantai to negotiate the "Yantai Treaty" two years ago. Ten years later, he was appointed as Shandong Denglai Qingbing Preparatory Department and Dongguan Customs (Zhifu) Supervisor, stationed in Yantai, and he resigned six years later.

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District population

Yantai Scenery (23 photos) Yantai City governs Zhifu District, Fushan District, Development Zone, Muping District, Laishan District, High-tech Zone, a Changdao County, manages seven county-level cities: Longkou, Laiyang, Laizhou, Penglai, Zhaoyuan, Qixia and Haiyang. There are 91 towns, 6 townships, 53 sub-district offices, 585 residents' committees, 6199 village committees, and 6864 natural villages in the country. The total area of ??the city is 13,746.5 square kilometers, of which the urban area is 2,722.3 square kilometers. Among the six districts in Yantai, Muping District has the largest area, with 632,000 individual industrial and commercial households (statistics in 2010). At the end of 2008, the number of registered households in the city was 3.3709 million, and the population The population was 6.5169 million, with a population increase of 0.03%, of which the urban population was 2.3639 million. The city's birth rate is 7.65%, the death rate is 8.56%, and the natural population growth rate is -0.96%.

Yantai City has 48 identifiable ethnic groups, including 47 ethnic minorities except the Han, with a permanent population of about 12,736 and a temporary population of about 40,000. They are mainly distributed in Zhifu District, Development Zone and other economic areas. More developed counties and cities.

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