Core knowledge induction 1? Coal, oil and natural gas are the most important fossil fuels in the world today.
The blood of the oil industry
The main component of natural gas is methane.
Earth contains
Limit and burn
The product pollutes the environment and saves the existing energy.
Enhance environmental awareness
Develop new energy sources (such as nuclear energy,
Solar energy etc. ) 2? Comparison between coal and oil
Coal and oil have undergone a series of complex changes to form ancient plant remains, and ancient plant and animal remains are formed by complex changes in the crust. Element composition mainly contains c (a small amount of h, n, s, o, etc. ) and mainly contains c, h (a small amount of s, o, n, etc. ) The mixture (composed of organic matter and inorganic matter) is a shiny black solid, called "black gold" viscous liquid, black or brown.
coal tar
Coke oven gas petroleum distillation (physical change) gasoline
paraffin
diesel engine
Important energy sources such as lubricating oil, important chemical raw materials, important chemical raw materials, difficulties and doubts.
The difference between coal and petroleum refining methods: coal is isolated from air and strong hot gas: coke oven gas is used as fuel.
Liquid: coal tar chemical raw material
Solids: chemical changes of raw materials in coke metallurgical industry, different distillation separation solvents or fuels gasoline, kerosene and diesel oil. ...
Physical changes of lubricating oil, paraffin, asphalt, etc.
Methods and skills to solve problems
1【TZ(S+6.5mm； Z2mmY2mm Answer: Thinking inspiration: Coal mainly contains carbon, but it also contains impurity sulfur. The reaction between sulfur and oxygen will produce SO2 with pungent smell, which will pollute the atmosphere. Therefore, alkali liquor should be used for treatment or recovery. [tz] Why does coal often smell pungent after burning? How to prevent it from polluting the air? A coal contains impurity sulfur, which burns in the air to produce SO2 gas with pungent smell. In order to prevent SO2 from polluting the air, the gas after coal combustion can be introduced into Ca(OH)2 solution or NaOH solution. Using CaSO3 and Na2SO3 produced after the reaction. 2 Figure 5? 8? 1 coal is a commonly used fossil fuel. Domestic coal has changed from "briquette" to "honeycomb coal" In the past, people processed pulverized coal into spheres slightly larger than table tennis. Later, people processed the pulverized coal into a cylinder and punched some holes in the cylinder (as shown in Figure 5? 8? 1)。 Please analyze the benefits of this change: Many pollutants are produced when coal is burned. In order to reduce the environmental pollution caused by coal burning, we can try to convert coal into clean fuel. Clean water gas (mainly composed of carbon monoxide and H2) can be made by passing water vapor through hot coal seams. Please write down the chemical equation of this reaction. Gas plants often deliberately mix a small amount of odorous gas into household water gas in order to. 〖TZ(S+7.5mm； Z2mmY2mm Method Skills] This topic starts with the application and matters needing attention of coal and gas in life, analyzes the combustion phenomenon and how to prevent water and gas poisoning. "Tz)" By analyzing the knowledge of combustible combustion phenomenon, we can know that "drilling holes in honeycomb coal is to increase the contact area between coal and oxygen"; CO itself is a colorless and odorless gas. Because it is toxic, a small amount of odorous gas is intentionally mixed into household gas to prevent gas poisoning accidents. The answer is to increase the contact area between coal and air to make the combustion more complete.
C+H2+ carbon monoxide, high temperature H2+ carbon monoxide to prevent gas poisoning accidents.
Thinking expands and diverges 1 energy sources such as coal, oil and natural gas have been proved on the earth, and their reserves are limited, while the products of combustion such as coal and oil are atmospheric pollution sources. Therefore, it is suggested that coal and oil should be banned and a new pollution-free energy should be used. In this regard, talk about your views and suggestions. The answer is not appropriate. The utilization of energy by human beings is closely related to the development of human society. The utilization of energy by human beings can be divided into three eras: the era of firewood energy, the era of fossil energy and the era of diversified energy. We are currently using fossil energy, and the era of multi-energy is the era of new energy, which needs a process due to various factors. If the use of fossil energy is banned now, it is tantamount to sitting still. The correct approach should be to save existing energy and actively develop new energy sources. In terms of energy saving, the measures that can be taken are as follows: ① Study how to make fuel burn fully, reduce CO emission and improve fuel utilization. (2) Develop clean coal technology and process it into low-sulfur fuel or desulfurization to reduce pollution.
Thinking interaction:
Health: This statement is not correct, because the new energy has not been officially utilized. If we ban the use of coal and oil now, it is no doubt that we are waiting for death, so we should save existing energy on the one hand and actively develop new energy on the other. Teacher: The students answered correctly. The utilization of energy by human beings is closely related to the development of human society. At present, we use fossil energy, and the development and utilization of new energy needs a process, so we can't ban the use of fossil energy now, but should consider it from the perspective of energy conservation and develop new energy at the same time.
Potential challenge test
1 People often take some safety measures to prevent accidents in their production and life. The following measures are safe ()
Explore the cave and light it with a torch.
Smoking is forbidden when digging coal in the mine.
C torch test should be conducted before cleaning biogas digesters.
D. Check whether liquefied petroleum gas leaks with burning wooden strips.
2 the following changes belong to the chemical change is ()
A petroleum distillation b coal dry distillation c dry ice sublimation d coal combustion
3 The following substances are not fractionated from petroleum ()
Coal tar gasoline diesel kerosene
New energy should have the characteristics of easily available raw materials, more heat generated during combustion and no pollution to the environment. This promising energy source is ()
Coal, oil, natural gas, hydrogen.
5 The following statement is true ()
A kind of alcohol can accelerate human blood circulation and excite nerves, so teenagers should learn to drink as soon as possible.
Because fuel is not the only use of coal, it can be comprehensively utilized to make various products and serve the socialist construction.
Coal, oil and natural gas are inexhaustible natural resources.
China's oil resources are very poor, so we have to import a lot from foreign countries.
Flammable substances contained in liquefied petroleum gas are stored in steel cylinders under low pressure. When the cylinder valve is opened (depressurized), it is easy to become gaseous hydrocarbon. Among the following substances, () meets this requirement.
There is no ABCD chemical formula CH4C2H6C4H 106H 14 boiling point (℃)- 164-88-0? 569
7 The Iraq war led to the burning of oil wells, causing serious air pollution, and even black rain fell in some areas, so the pollution component that formed the black rain was mainly ().
A carbon black b carbon dioxide c methane d carbon monoxide
At present, fossil fuel is the main energy source for human production and life. With the increase of global energy consumption, non-renewable energy such as fossil fuels will be exhausted. People all over the world are increasingly aware of energy conservation (Figure 5? 8? 2 is the energy-saving symbol of China), scientists are also making active efforts in developing new energy sources, developing energy-saving products and improving the conversion efficiency of chemical energy. Please answer:
Figure 5? 8? 2 China Energy Conservation Sign (1) The energy sources to be developed and utilized are (please answer three kinds):
(2) Two examples of chemical energy converted into internal energy are expressed by chemical equations:
①;
②。
(3) In production and life, chemical energy and electric energy are mutually transformed. Please give examples respectively:
(1) chemical energy into electrical energy:
(2) From electric energy to chemical energy.
(4) Hydrogen is considered as the cleanest fuel because of its high calorific value.
A famous teacher helps you grow.
1? AB (Biogas and liquefied petroleum gas are combustible. )
2? BD (nudge: new substances are produced. )
3? A
4? D): The product of hydrogen combustion is water with high calorific value. Hydrogen can come from water and is rich in resources. )
5? B
6? C [nudge: the boiling point of gas increases with the increase of pressure, so C4H 10 (butane) can be changed into liquid at room temperature under pressure, and then into gas under reduced pressure, which meets the requirements of civil liquefied gas. 〕
7? A
8? (1) Nuclear energy, solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, tidal energy, coal, petroleum, natural gas, combustible ice, etc.
(2)①C+O2 ignites CO2②CaO+H2OCa(OH)2.
(3)① Use dry batteries, batteries, etc. ② Charging the battery, electrolyzing water, etc.
(4) Water is produced after combustion, which is pollution-free.