Second, the diary introduction

Third, Xiang Qi Lou Ji.

Fourth, diary display

V. Personal experience

First of all, the author himself

(k ǐ i) Yun (1833— 19 16) was a scholar, writer and educator in the late Qing Dynasty. The word Renqiu, also known as Renfu, is called Xiangqi, and the world is called Mr. Xiangqi. In the second year of Xianfeng (1852), he worked as a tutor in Su Shun, and then entered Zeng Guofan's shogunate. 1880 entered Sichuan and presided over Chengdu Zunjing Academy. Later, he gave lectures at Sixian Lecture Hall in Changsha, Chuanshan Academy in Hengzhou and Nanchang College. Awarded the academician courtyard review, plus the title of reading. After the Revolution of 1911, he served as the curator of the Qing History Museum. He has written a series of works, such as Zhouyi Shuo, Shangshu Zhu, Zhouguan Zhu, Yili Zhu, Chunqiu Gongyang Zhuan, Gu Liang Shen Yi, Shangshu Zhuan Bu Zhu, Xiangqilou Poetry Collection and Xiangqilou Diary. The Draft of Qing Dynasty included Wang in The Scholars.

Second, the diary introduction

The Diary of Xiangqilou spans from eight years of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty to five years of the Republic of China, * * * about 44 years (slightly missing in the middle), with a total of 2.5 million words. It was first published by the Commercial Press in 1927, with a total of 32 volumes. This book is rich in content and records the views, feelings and sufferings of the people during the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China and the rise of the Republic of China. It is very valuable to study this history from the social level, which is the most grounded historical and social portrayal at that time. 1997, Yuelu Bookstore published a typography (***5 volumes), a complete set of excellent, well-preserved, extremely rare.

Third, Xiang Qi Lou Ji.

Mr. Wang returned from giving a lecture at Sichuan Zunjing College. He was given a salary to Shu Xiu and received gifts from Governor Duan Fang and others over the years. He bought a hundred acres of land in Tangwan, Yunhuqiao Mountain, Xiangtan County, and built a house, named it "Xiangqilou" and claimed to be the owner of Xiangqilou. Its structure is designed by the old man himself, which is divided into three stages: front, middle and back.

The front building, with five bays and two floors, is the main part of the building. There are many wooden blocks stored downstairs, including woodcut workshops, living rooms, guest rooms and student dormitories. Upstairs is a place for lectures and research with students and scholars, with a library, study and lecture hall. There is a plaque with three characters "Xiangqilou" hanging on the pavilion. There is a portrait of the old man Xiang Qi hanging in the hall. There is a couplet in the study: "The heart is like a coconut, and the breeze blows on your face."

There is a pond in front of the building, called lotus pond, which is planted with lotus seeds, fish and turtles. The fence outside the gate extends outward and twists and turns around the lotus pond, so the sedan chair horse can't be used. You can only stop outside the gate of Zhuang and walk into the gate of the building. Therefore, people say that it is ingenious and wants to make a pilgrimage. There is a saying that "if you want to get off the sedan chair, get off the horse first."

There are two cypress trees in front of the door, tall and lush. When the old man lived at home, he wrote a long poem "Song of Cypress". The house in Shantangwan is a bedroom, with a bedroom, a living room, a study and an east-west wing. The backward departments are old houses, especially kitchens, mixed houses and family houses. Before and after these two houses, there are many flowers in the yard, and there are two kinds of plants in the front yard, Jingui and Yin Gui, which smell fragrant in autumn. There are small flower beds in the backyard. There are phoenix trees, willow trees, camphor trees and bauhinia flowers in the shade outside the door. The bamboo forest in the back mountain is mixed with camphor, nanmu, maple and locust trees. In hot summer, all the flowers and trees grow tall and lush. After the death of the old man, later generations went their separate ways and gradually fell apart.

Fourth, diary display

In the Diary of Incense Building, Mr. Wang actually recorded the fact that he broke into buddhist nun to meet a nun during his trip, from which we can see the author's extraordinary and frank. Here are some diaries for you to have a look at:

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The freezing rain stopped at first. From the beginning, there was thunder on the doorstep, the door wood was broken, and the door was not broken. Yesterday, the cloud entered the room like a fireball, which surprised the granddaughter's wife and the little maid. Children don't know, can't sleep well, and have no ears. Being scared is not as good as being a child, but knowing wisdom is tiring. After boarding the boat, Shen Zheng went to the city and sat down. I went to Europe, met Yuan Bo outside the city, and went to the opera together. Du Dingyuan returned to the ship for accommodation after receiving an alarm from his family. I want to leave early tomorrow, but I met Cai Er when I got on the boat, and my letter was broken. It rained and thundered at night. (three years of the Republic of China1965438+February 2004 14. Volume V, page 329 1)?

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Jiangning's gram, the court does not want gold silk, once said nothing. Is Zangzhu guilty? This is also a fallacy. (Diary of Xiangqilou, 12 page, Yuelu Bookstore, 1997. Hereinafter referred to as "Kings")

Years later, Zeng Guofan and Ceng Guoquan brothers finally captured Nanjing (Jiangning), the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, saved the crumbling Qing Dynasty and established the feat of "Tongzhi Zhongxing". Because of this great contribution, the Qing court did not take the initiative to ask whether it had seized a lot of gold and silver treasures after taking Nanjing, but once wrote "nothing." Therefore, Wang Kaiyun satirized whether the Tseng brothers had embezzled the property of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. "Tibetan pearls are ashamed?" -The historical truth can be carefully evaluated by relevant experts, but Wang Kaiyun's dissatisfaction with the Tseng brothers has surfaced.

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Ten years of Tongzhi, he rented a boat tour in Nanchang, moored near the former site of Tengwang Pavilion, and sighed:

When I traveled to Nanchang at the age of 20, I didn't want to do this at first; And I revisited my old place at the age of 30, but I didn't mean to be so rich; Today, at the age of 30, I have traveled three times, so I don't care. (Kings, p. 270)

Unfortunately, he became famous in his early years and was rewarded by Su Shun, an important official of the imperial court. Only by becoming half-brothers with him can he have a chance to rise to the top. At the same time, he lamented that he failed to show his ambition and entered Futian (because Su Shun was killed in the "Xinyou coup"); Finally, he lamented that in the age of no doubt, the powerful ministers such as Zeng, Zuo and Li were blind and did not understand talents, so that fame and fortune were hopeless and could only be "sad". This sigh is full of twists and turns, showing a kind of sadness in plain words, but not a word of sadness, sorrow and resentment, showing the high self-esteem of a person with special talents, and his writing skill has reached that level.

Five, personal heart

Among the four diary writers in the late Qing Dynasty, Wang Kaiyun had the lowest fame and fortune, and was only a juror, but he was the most knowledgeable. Even the Tseng family had to ask him to write Xiang Jun Zhi. Throughout his life, Mr. Wang pursued the educational concept of "teaching without discrimination". There are not only carpenters Qi Baishi, but also blacksmiths Zhang, coppersmith Zeng Shaogu and eight-fingered monks. It also cultivated some people who had a far-reaching influence on later politics.

His diary is a true record of the situation of the lower class at that time (the collapse of the late Qing Dynasty and the rise of the Republic of China), and the historical materials are of great value. In addition, the diary can also see the author's criticism and contempt for Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang, Zuo and others, which increases some perspectives on history and historical figures, and no longer blindly follows a single understanding.