1. Current layout of foreign trade dangerous goods terminals in Shanghai Port

Shanghai Port currently has 79 foreign trade dangerous goods terminals holding the "Dangerous Goods Port Industry Accreditation Certificate", ***245 berths are located along the Huangpu River, Yangtze River and Hangzhou Bay. Among them, 18 berths can berth ships with a tonnage of more than 50,000, accounting for 7.3% of the total; 17 berths can berth ships with a tonnage of less than 1,000, accounting for 6.9% of the total; the vast majority of berths can berth The ships are between 5,000 and 50,000 tons. Berths that can accommodate large-tonnage ships are mainly concentrated in Pudong New Area and Baoshan District. The number of foreign trade dangerous goods terminals and berths in various districts and counties in Shanghai is shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Distribution of foreign trade dangerous goods terminals and berths in various districts and counties in Shanghai

District and county terminal berth District and county terminal berth District and county terminal berth

Pudong 32 74 Hongkou 2 6 Nanhui 2 5

Baoshan 12 26 Huangpu 2 4 Xuhui 5 5

Chongming 1 1 Jinshan 1 5 Yangpu 9 11

Fengxian 2 7 Minhang 11 21

Source: Shanghai Port Administration

2. The irrationality of the layout of Shanghai Port’s foreign trade dangerous goods terminal

1. The layout of the sub-terminals does not comply with urban planning

According to the "Shanghai Urban Master Plan (1999--2020)", the area within the ring road focuses on the development of the tertiary industry; the area between the inner and outer ring roads focuses on the development of high technology, high value-added, and pollution-free industry as the focus. Areas outside the outer ring line focus on the development of primary and secondary industries, increase economic scale and intensification levels, focus on building municipal industrial zones, and actively develop modern agriculture and suburban tourism.

Currently, there are 6 foreign trade dangerous goods terminals located in the inner ring, and 45 located in the outer ring, accounting for 57% of the total. It can be seen that the current layout of Shanghai Port’s foreign trade dangerous goods terminals is closely related to Shanghai’s industries. There is a relatively large gap in layout planning.

2. The layout of some terminals does not comply with the dangerous goods industry layout plan

The dangerous goods throughput of Shanghai Port has reached more than 15% of the total cargo throughput of the whole port, and is growing year by year. There are many types of dangerous goods involved, and dangerous goods are transported in various forms, including packages, containers, bulk liquids, and bulk solids. The industries involved include petrochemicals, electric power, transportation, aquatic products, light industry, aviation, metallurgy, military, and agriculture. , medicine, etc.

Dangerous goods terminals serve dangerous goods companies. From the perspective of saving costs and improving safety, companies generally choose terminal services based on the principle of proximity. At present, there are no dangerous goods manufacturing enterprises in Hongkou District and Huangpu District, and there are only a few manufacturing enterprises in Yangpu District and Xuhui District. However, there are currently 9 foreign trade dangerous goods terminals in Yangpu District, 5 in Xuhui District, and 3 in Hongkou District. There are two in Huangpu District. The layout of these foreign trade dangerous goods terminals is not in line with industrial needs.

3. Some terminals are too close to residential areas and public facilities

According to the "General Rules for the Storage of Commonly Used Chemical Dangerous Goods" and "Oil Depot Design Code", dangerous The product terminal should be kept at a certain safe distance from roads, railways, residential areas and public buildings. According to the "Oil Depot Design Code", the safe distance between the first-level oil depot and residential areas and public buildings is 100 meters. Due to urban expansion, some long-established foreign trade dangerous goods terminals have become residential and commercial areas. There are currently 9 foreign trade dangerous goods terminals with residential buildings within 100 meters, and 8 foreign trade dangerous goods terminals with public facilities and commercial centers within 300 meters.

4. There are potential safety hazards in the facilities, equipment, and management systems of some terminals

Due to historical reasons, the design of some foreign trade dangerous goods terminals is not standardized.

A few terminals were originally general cargo terminals. Later, due to production needs, they were slightly transformed into dangerous goods terminals. The pipeline laying was difficult to meet the regulatory requirements. Some terminals even mixed packages and bulk liquid dangerous goods; some terminals had inadequate facilities and equipment. The phenomenon of supporting or abnormal use; some terminals are not equipped with chemical sewage receiving or treatment devices, and the few equipped terminals are rarely used; some terminals are neglected under the influence of the mentality of focusing on hardware but neglecting management or focusing on production and neglecting safety. The requirements are not strict, and there are phenomena of operators working without certificates, operating in violation of regulations and taking risks. Dangerous goods terminals have basically purchased oil booms, but they are rarely used due to practical difficulties such as deployment and recovery.

5. Terminal production efficiency and shoreline resource utilization are low

Most of the dangerous goods terminals in Shanghai Port are cargo owner terminals. The annual throughput of the terminals is generally not high, and the degree of socialized management is The level of enterprise intensification, scale and specialization is low, and there is a waste of deepwater shoreline resources.

3. Negative impacts of unreasonable layout

1. Impact on the construction of a harmonious city in Shanghai

"Shanghai Urban Master Plan (1999--2020)" Two guiding ideas of urban planning are put forward: embodying the sustainable development strategy and promoting the coordinated development of economy, society, population, resources and environment; embodying the people-oriented purpose and creating a good living, working, learning and leisure environment for citizens.

Foreign trade dangerous goods terminals that are close to residential areas and commercial areas have a certain negative impact on citizens’ living environment. The inner harbor has complex terrain, numerous factories, and bustling commerce. The navigation of dangerous goods ships in the inner harbor poses a certain threat to the safety of citizens. The current layout does not reflect the two guiding ideas well, and the foreign trade dangerous goods terminal must be adjusted to promote the construction of a harmonious city in Shanghai.

2. It is not conducive to the development of the hazardous chemicals industry

According to Shanghai’s industrial policy of “concentrating industry in parks”, Shanghai’s hazardous chemicals industry units are gradually moving from central urban areas to urban areas. The outer industrial areas are concentrated. At present, Shanghai has built 5 chemical industry parks, including Shanghai Chemical Industrial Zone, Fengxian Subdivision of Chemical Industrial Zone, Jinshan Subdistrict of Chemical Industrial Zone, Jinshan Second Industrial Zone, and Wujing Chemical Industrial Zone. Among them, Shanghai Chemical Industrial Zone will form a chemical industry of 60km2 by 2020. Belt, its construction goal is to become one of the largest, most concentrated and highest-level world-class petrochemical bases in Asia.

Judging from the current layout, Shanghai Port’s foreign trade dangerous goods terminal has not yet been concentrated in professional areas along with the industry. Due to difficulties in obtaining approvals, it is almost impossible to build a new dangerous goods terminal, and companies are generally reluctant to move away from old terminals. Some dangerous goods terminals are idle due to the closure or conversion of cargo owner terminal companies, resulting in a waste of resources. Most dangerous goods terminals are located in inner harbors. Due to insufficient funds invested by the government for channel maintenance, some companies have to invest a large amount of money in channel maintenance every year, which virtually increases the company's production costs.

The layout of dangerous goods terminals is not compatible with the industrial layout, which increases the transportation cost of dangerous goods. The number of dangerous goods transportation links and transportation routes increases, causing safety hazards, which in turn leads to a decrease in product competitiveness and affects the dangerous goods industry and related industries. industrial development.

3. Restricting the development of enterprises

With the development of business, some cargo owner terminal enterprises need more space for development, need to build new factories and add new production lines. However, with the rapid development of urban construction, enterprises have been surrounded by residential buildings and urban buildings, leaving no room for further expansion.

Some companies have realized that they must relocate, but are not sure of the specific time and location of the relocation. In this case, these companies will not invest a lot of money to expand production and update equipment. At best, they will only meet the requirements of relevant standards and laws and regulations, which is detrimental to production safety and enterprise development.

(1) Adjust the layout of foreign trade dangerous goods terminals according to Shanghai’s urban spatial layout and planning, industrial structure layout and planning; (2) Put people first, adjust foreign trade to create a safe and good living and working environment The layout of dangerous goods terminals; (3) Adjust the layout of foreign trade dangerous goods terminals in the direction of safe production, centralized production, and centralized management.

According to the purpose of dangerous goods terminals to serve enterprises and industries, and from the perspective of saving costs and reducing safety hazards, except for a few special dangerous goods terminals, all other terminals should provide services to professional dangerous goods terminals. The work area is concentrated. According to the layout of Shanghai's dangerous goods industry, it is recommended that Shanghai plan four dedicated dangerous goods terminal areas, namely Baoshan Dangerous Goods Terminal Special Area, Pudong New Area Dangerous Goods Terminal Special Area, Hangzhou Bay North Shore Dangerous Goods Terminal Special Area and Chongming Island Dangerous Goods Terminal. Dedicated pier area. In the future, newly approved and newly built dangerous goods terminals must be within the dedicated planning area. In principle, approval and new construction outside the dedicated planning area will not be granted.

Since the management of dangerous goods terminals involves the government, work safety supervision and management departments, public security, urban transportation, ports, maritime affairs, quality and technical supervision, environmental protection, industry and commerce, health and other administrative departments, foreign trade dangerous goods terminals Layout adjustments should pay attention to coordination and cooperation among relevant departments. According to the current layout of foreign trade dangerous goods terminals, the above adjustment plan involves the closure, relocation and merger of many dangerous goods terminals. This is a very large project and requires the formulation of relevant financial, financial, taxation and other policies to guide the adjustment of terminals.