Shang Yang * * * proposed three strategies to Qin Xiaogong, namely, emperor's way, king's way and bullying. The first two times Shang Yang talked about Daodi and Daowang, and he was about to fall asleep. The referee Jing Ke was blamed.
When we met for the third time, Shang Yang talked about bullying. Qin Xiaogong's eyes shone straight, and he moved the mat a few times, close to Shang Yang. The monarch and the minister talked for three days and nights in a row, and they were not tired at all.
After the conversation between the two sides, Qin Xiaogong immediately regarded Shang Yang as his left brother, and started Shang Yang's political reform that changed the historical process of China. There are many obstacles in the process of political reform. Qin Xiaogong was the backing of Shang Yang and promoted the political reform.
Sure enough, a powerful Daqin empire suddenly rose among the nations!
So, what did Shang Yang's political reform change? Why do emperors and kings make Qin Xiaogong lose the will to fight, but bullying can succeed?
The Decline of Emperor Dao and King Dao
Emperor Tao refers to the ancient way of governing the country. Technically, it wasn't there then? Country? , just the ecological model of tribal alliance. Governing the country by emperor's way pays attention to inaction, people are like wild deer, the world is like a standard branch, and the original ecological way of governing the country.
Wang Dao refers to the * * * governance mode of monarchies and nobles under the Western Zhou Dynasty enfeoffment system. Emperor enfeoffment, governors and emperors * * * rule the world, governors enfeoffment, governors and doctors * * * rule the world.
China, a hundred schools of thought contend, Confucius advocated kingliness, and Confucianism essentially restored the idea of governing the country in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Laozi worships the Taoist emperor, and the essence of Taoist thought is to return to the autonomous state during the period of three emperors and five emperors.
No wonder Confucianism and Taoism can't successfully govern the country. Both of these ideas are reversing history, not facing the future. Emperor Dao and King Dao were the general plan of governing the country based on the social productive forces and special political environment at that time.
For example, during the period of Three Emperors and Five Emperors, there was no national form at all. Huangdi, Yao, Shun, Yu, etc. Only the alliance leaders elected by the main tribes exercise some rights transferred by the tribes, and their management is loose, and the tribes still retain great autonomy.
During the king's period, there was a unified state machine, and the social structure changed from tribal alliance to city-state alliance. The large population and large area are the remarkable differences between this period and ancient times. Wang Dao not only has the characteristics of alliance in the period of Emperor Dao (only changed to the mode of enfeoffment), but also has the state machine that was not available in the period of Emperor Dao.
If we say that with the development of population and economic level, it is inevitable to go from tribe to city-state, and it is also a trend to go from emperor to king, then why is the king out of date?
Where is the bully?
Since the Duke of Zhou designed the enfeoffment system, the social structure of China has been formed? Stars arch the moon? Model. It seems that this is a perfect and solid structure. In fact, with the passage of time, the patriarchal clan system based on consanguinity gradually disintegrated, and Zhou's authorization to govern the vassal States had long since expired, and the emperor's orders were like rubber stamps.
The core part of the enfeoffment system has failed, can the structure of the peripheral vassal States be stable? No, it's still in a state of collapse, just showing symptoms, much later than the central part.
According to the structure of the enfeoffment system, the monarch of each vassal state should also enfeoffment his prince, that is, the doctor. What is the name of their territory? Home? . At the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the princes of the vassal states regarded their own? Country? For private property, no longer pay attention to the week? This world? And then what? This world? The concept of collapse. The same doctor sees his own? Home? (fief) for private property, no longer pay attention to the monarch? Country? , then the vassal state will not collapse?
Is this Confucius' grief-stricken cry? Bad manners and a happy ending? The reason! However, Old Master Q's method is rough, he wants to drive the society back to the past, and Shang Yang sees the future, that is, the hegemony of Legalism!
Bullying to the end? Ba? Where is it? In a word, completely destroy the * * * rule mode under the enfeoffment system, implement centralized monarchy and rule the country according to law!
It should be pointed out that what Shang Yang said? Law? Actually, with us today? Law? Totally different. Its purpose is to serve the absolute monarchy, just like modern law? Democratic spirit? Run counter to each other. ? Law? This is an overbearing hilt, controlled by the monarch. Which monarch doesn't like such a reform? How can Qin Xiaogong not keep his eyes open?
Who gained weight from Shang Yang's reform?
Shang Yang's political reform undoubtedly adapted to the trend of social development, so he succeeded.
Reform first made the monarch the first person to get the reform dividend;
During the Warring States period, due to the enfeoffment system, the aristocratic class monopolized the official career and formed a pattern of sharing the power of governing the country with the monarchical power. The most typical harm of sharing monarchical power is the state of Jin, which led to the division of the three ethnic groups into Jin. The same is true of Qi, Gao and Lu. Confucius said? Are you a gentleman or a priest? , refers to the status quo.
Shang Yang's political reform deprived the nobles of the right to divide and rule, and the monarch became a dictator and the nobles became wage earners. The monarch is the sole owner of this empire.
Political reform gives ordinary people a chance to change their destiny.
On the basis of abolishing the Shi Qing Shilu system, the political reform established the military service system. The advanced nature of this system lies in not looking at the family background, but only looking at how many enemies' heads you cut off. In other words, the empire will remove the entrance guard from now on, as long as you hold it? Warlords? From then on, you can enter the imperial lobby and get ahead.
This is not a reform, but a pure revolution, an earthquake in the history of thought. From then on, the people of the Daqin Empire were no longer divided into aristocrats, civilians and ordinary people, but were all composed of families and people, so they could get equal opportunities, and it was entirely possible to fly out of golden phoenix from the henhouse overnight.
Since then, the subjects of the Daqin Empire have no eyes, straight waist and strong body, enough to chop people, and even walk on drums.
The reform made Qin embark on the road of enriching the country.
Shang Yang's political reform made Qin rebuild his bones and muscles, and his vitality was greatly damaged, shining all over the world. What could be more exciting than making everyone a master?
Daqin Empire means that everyone thinks he is the master, settling a small account of one acre and three points, and even people from six countries are vying to come to Qin as the master.
Those who have experienced the collective ownership and the contract responsibility system of joint production witnessed the amazing creativity of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences during that period.
The reason is the same. Therefore, the fact that Qin can annex the six countries is actually a blueprint designed by people long ago, which conforms to the development trend of the times!
Strong backing
Is everyone happy about Shang Yang's political reform? If so, Shang Yang should be worshipped by Qin people as a god, not a car crack. Just as most people in the empire happily shared the bonus of Shang Yang's political reform, one class became a complete victim, and this group was the old aristocratic class.
The old aristocratic class is the gentry class, the descendants of the Qin family. They could have relied on the patriarchal clan system. When they were born as parasites of an empire, they had their seats waiting for them in the court. They can get something for nothing, they can share power with the monarch and pass on this privilege from generation to generation.
Now that this privilege has been cancelled, I feel worse than being dug up, and resistance is inevitable.
Gan Long, Du Zhi, Qian Ying and others are representative figures. Without Qin Xiaogong's strong backing, dig ancestral graves? Shang Yang, don't be torn. In fact, this powerful force can be backed by Shang Yang except Qin Xiaogong, who is firmly in the throne, and even King Huiwen can't. This is why he wants to split Shang Yang after he acceded to the throne. It is not that he opposed the political reform, but that in order to preserve the achievements of Shang Yang's political reform, Shang Yang must be thrown out.
Fortunately, Qin was not the most powerful vassal state of the old aristocracy, so its resistance was limited. If the political reform is in a vassal state like Qilu, I'm afraid it will be difficult to move.
But even so, Qin Xiaogong was keenly aware of the historical value of Shang Yang's political reform, and stood firmly behind Shang Yang all his life, escorting the great cause of political reform, and Qin Xiaogong was worthy of being a famous monarch throughout the ages!