Under the new situation, our country has actively explored the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, made major deployments in promoting the integration of science and technology and economy, and promoted the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements, and issued a series of policies that are conducive to the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. The policy of transformation has achieved many achievements.
(1) The technology market is developing well
my country's technology market has given full play to the basic role of allocating scientific and technological resources, focusing on the adjustment of industrial structure and the development of high-tech industries, and focusing on promoting technology transfer and achievements. Transform, guide and support innovation elements to gather in enterprises, a large number of scientific and technological achievements have realized economic value through technology market transactions, and technology market contract transactions have maintained a steady and rapid development momentum. In 2011, my country's technology market signed 256,428 technology contracts of various types throughout the year, with a transaction value of 476.3 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 11.7 and 21.9. The contract transaction value accounted for 1.0% of the GDP and 54.8% of the national R&D investment, an increase of 0.03 percentage points and 3.00 percentage points respectively compared with 2010. The quality of technology contracts continued to improve, with the average transaction value of each technology contract reaching 1.857 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.3%. my country's technology market continues to maintain a good momentum of stable and rapid development. After years of development, China's technology property rights transactions are becoming increasingly active and have become a "booster" for transforming scientific and technological achievements into real productivity (Wan Jinrong, 2006). It has played an important supporting role in promoting stable and rapid growth of the national economy.
(2) High-tech industries and products have good development momentum
High-tech industries are strategic leading industries of the national economy. The development of high-tech industries is important for strengthening the supporting role of science and technology in the economy and promoting the It is of great significance to adjust the industrial structure and transform the mode of economic development. In 2011, the scale of my country's high-tech industry continued to expand, with the total output value reaching a record high, exceeding 8 trillion yuan, reaching 8,843.39 billion yuan, an increase of 18.4% over the previous year, and realizing a profit of 524.49 billion yuan, an increase of 7.5%. In 2008, due to the financial crisis As a result, the growth rate of the total output value of high-tech industries dropped to the lowest level of 5.0 (calculated at comparable prices). Since 2009, the growth rate of the total output value of high-tech industries has begun to gradually pick up, reaching 18.4 in 2011 (Table 4-4).
Table 4-4 Total output value and realized profits of high-tech industries
Data source: "China Statistical Yearbook" over the years.
High-tech products are characterized by high R&D investment and high added value. The production and share of high-tech products in the international market represent, to a certain extent, a country's technological strength and high-tech industrialization capabilities. In 2011, my country's high-tech product trade basically recovered from the impact of the financial crisis. The export and import value of high-tech products reached US$548.8 billion and US$463.2 billion respectively, and the total import and export volume reached US$1.012 billion. The product trade surplus further expanded, reaching 85.6 billion US dollars, both historically high levels (Table 4-5). In terms of growth rate, export volume, import volume and total import and export volume increased by 11.5, 12.2 and 11.8 respectively compared with the previous year. From the perspective of the main modes of trade exports, although processing trade (including processing trade with imported materials and processing trade with supplied materials) still occupies a dominant position, its proportion continues to decline, while the proportion of general trade gradually increases. As my country's industrial structure adjustment further deepens, the proportion of general trade still has considerable room for growth.
Table 4-5 Import and export of high-tech products
Data source: "China Statistical Yearbook" over the years.
(3) Implement policies and plans to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements
my country's relevant policies and regulations play an increasingly important role in creating a good external environment and internal mechanism for promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. role. In order to promote the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements, China has introduced a series of regulations and policies.
In addition to the core "Law of the People's Republic of China on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements" (1996), it also includes local regulations on the transformation of scientific and technological achievements to promote the transformation of high-tech development zones, science and technology parks, science and technology intermediaries, small and medium-sized enterprises, and private science and technology Policies and regulations for enterprise development, policies and regulations on science and technology-related intellectual property protection and science and technology awards, as well as a series of high-tech industry development plans such as the Spark Plan, the Torch Plan, and the "863" Plan, play an important role in promoting the transformation and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements. It has a very good normative and guiding role.
With the continuous deepening of social and economic development and scientific and technological system reform, our government is not limited to existing policies and regulations, but is also constantly adjusting and revising relevant policies, and formulating policies to adapt to economic development in different historical periods. The required scientific and technological development plan has achieved remarkable results. For example: in 2011, we implemented major special projects such as broadband mobile communications and CNC machine tools to promote the application and industrialization of results, accelerated the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements related to people's livelihood in accordance with the "Opinions on Accelerating the Development of People's Livelihood Technology", and passed the "Pilot Implementation Plan for Promoting the Integration of Science and Technology and Finance" 》Strengthen financial support for technology companies. In addition, the Small and Medium Enterprises Innovation Fund has increased its support for technological innovation of small and medium-sized technology-based enterprises. The New Industry Venture Capital Plan has supported the establishment of 61 venture capital companies and invested in 108 entrepreneurial companies. These plans have played an important role in promoting the integration of science and technology and economy, and promoting the transformation and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements.
(4) The scientific and technological service system is becoming increasingly perfect
Science and technology service institutions are an indispensable and important force in the process of transforming scientific and technological achievements, and are important for transforming and diffusing scientific and technological achievements and effectively allocating scientific and technological resources. channel. In recent years, my country's science and technology service institutions have developed rapidly and made important contributions to scientific and technological innovation and scientific and technological industrialization. By the end of 2011, there were more than 900 incubators and 36,000 incubator companies nationwide; more than 20,000 technology trading service institutions had been established nationwide, nearly 200 permanent technology trading venues, and 202 national technology transfer demonstration institutions (2011 68 newly recognized); the total number of national productivity promotion centers is more than 2,000, including 241 national-level demonstration productivity promotion centers; 284 Torch Plan featured industrial bases (36 new in 2011), and 38 Torch Plan software industry bases (2011 3 new ones each year), 58 science and technology trade innovation bases, 86 international university science and technology parks; more than 700 venture capital institutions, and a considerable number of science and technology venture capital centers, science and technology evaluation institutions, patent agencies, and science and technology bidding agencies Institutions, various industry associations, and professional and technical associations have all achieved rapid development, and have initially formed a scientific and technological service system that is in line with China's national conditions and has relatively complete functions, playing an important role in promoting the close integration of my country's science and technology and economy.
(5) Increased investment in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements
In order to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, governments at all levels of the country have accelerated the pace of building a scientific and technological industrialization environment and increased Capital investment in science and technology industrialization. In 2010, 5,428 national-level Torch Program projects received a total of 73.08662 billion yuan of funds, including 2.26685 billion yuan from government funds, 47.08162 billion yuan of enterprise-owned funds, and 16.24995 billion yuan of loan funds from financial institutions, accounting for 3.1% of the funds in place respectively. 64.4 and 22.2. The national Spark Plan has implemented 2,810 projects and implemented funds of 13.4177 billion yuan, of which government allocations are 772.73 million yuan, accounting for 5.8%; enterprise self-raised funds are 8.02289 billion yuan, accounting for 5.98%; bank loans are 2.79355 billion yuan, accounting for 2.08% . Among the expenditures on science and technology functions of local government finance, the expenditures for technology research and development (including high-tech industrialization, transformation and diffusion of scientific and technological achievements) projects were 63.97 billion yuan, accounting for 40.3% of the total expenditures; the expenditures for special projects on scientific and technological conditions (including the establishment of The cost of technological innovation service system, special projects for scientific and technological conditions) and the popularization of science and technology was 13.62 billion yuan, accounting for 8.6.
In addition, the state has also strengthened its support for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements through relevant programs such as agricultural scientific and technological achievements transformation funds, national key new product plans, and science and technology support plans (Table 4-6). In 2011, capital investment was further increased. 6,545 Small and Medium Enterprise Innovation Fund projects were approved, with fiscal allocations of 3.77 billion yuan; 2,108 Torch Plan projects were approved, with fiscal expenditures of 320 million yuan; 1,384 new product plan projects were allocated funds from the central government* **Total 300 million yuan (Chen Lei, Chen Yu, 2012).
Table 4-6 Central fiscal allocations for projects related to the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in 2010 Unit: 10,000 yuan
Data source: "China Statistical Yearbook" over the years.
(6) Strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights for scientific and technological achievements
Protecting intellectual property rights is an urgent need to build an innovative country and enhance national competitiveness. Since China's accession to the WTO, the government has accelerated the construction of the intellectual property system, revised intellectual property laws such as the Patent Law, Trademark Law, and Copyright Law, and formulated other laws and regulations related to intellectual property. We have made continuous and unremitting efforts on intellectual property issues. In the new era, our country pays more attention to intellectual property work. Every year it publishes the "China Action Plan for the Protection of Intellectual Property". In 2012, it also reviewed and approved the "2012 National Intellectual Property Strategy Implementation and Promotion Plan", elevating intellectual property to the level of the national strategy. high. At present, China's intellectual property legal system is basically complete and in line with international standards. The effectiveness of the protection of intellectual property rights for scientific and technological achievements is mainly reflected in the strengthening and improvement of legislation and law enforcement for the protection of intellectual property rights of scientific and technological achievements; it is also reflected in the protection of intellectual property rights of scientific and technological achievements by entities such as universities, research institutes, and enterprises. Awareness has increased, the application and acceptance rate of intellectual property rights has continued to increase, and the proportion of invention patents with higher technical content has continued to increase.