Artificial cultivation of Cordyceps sinensis mainly depends on the preparation of strains and insect species. The biggest difficulty is the source of insects. At present, insects mainly rely on field collection, and there are still some difficulties in raising this kind of insects artificially, which restricts the progress of artificial cultivation.
1, strain:
The cultivation of Cordyceps sinensis should first have excellent pure strains. At present, there are many varieties in China. First, we must choose strains with high purity, no miscellaneous bacteria and no aging; Second, we should choose varieties with strong infectivity and vitality, which can quickly infect insects and get sick and die; Third, we should choose varieties with wide adaptability, especially those with certain resistance to environmental humidity changes and other miscellaneous bacterial infections.
2. Insects: Insects mainly use moth larvae as hosts of Cordyceps sinensis, and can also use silkworms and tussahs as hosts. Larvae must be alive, large and obese, and the number depends on their own breeding. Generally, they need 65,438+0,000 grams of larvae per square meter, one mother species and 50 liters of fine sand.
3. Environment: Artificial cultivation of Cordyceps sinensis can not consider altitude, but depends on temperature. Cordyceps sinensis is a medium-low temperature fungus. The suitable temperature for mycelium growth and propagation is 5~32℃, the most suitable is 12~ 18℃, and the suitable temperature for sclerotia and matrix formation is 10~25℃. As long as it can reach this temperature range, it can be cultivated.
4. Cultivation season: It can be planted twice a year by using natural temperature, from March to May in spring and from 9- 165438+ 10 in autumn. If the indoor temperature is controlled, it can be cultivated all year round. Making full use of natural temperature and grasping the cultivation season can shorten the growth period and reduce the production cost. There are many ways to cultivate Cordyceps sinensis, one is to cultivate Cordyceps sinensis with insects, and the other is to cultivate Cordyceps sinensis directly with rice, PDA medium or other solid medium, which has the same effect as Cordyceps sinensis. During cultivation, indoor bottle cultivation, box cultivation, bed cultivation and open field cultivation can be carried out. , and choose any method according to your own conditions. Either way, bacteria and insects should be cultured before culture, so that insects can be infected with this "virus" bacterial solution before entering the soil, and they will be seriously ill when entering the soil, which is not suitable for crawling everywhere, and is conducive to early death, rapid emergence and orderly growth. The cultivation method of bacteria and insects is to spray the prepared liquid strain on the larvae with a sprayer, or spray the bacterial liquid on the mulberry leaves and infect the bacteria after eating. The spraying amount should be twice a day for each wetting. Three days later, this bacterial liquid infects worms, infects germs, makes the larvae move slowly, is in a coma, and then can be cultured.
1. Bottle cultivation: Bottle cultivation is suitable for home cultivation. After ordinary canned bottles are washed, 2.5-3 cm of fine sand should be put in the bottles first, and the soil water content will reach 60%. Then put the larvae infected with the bacterial liquid on it, and it is advisable to put two in each bottle. It is required that the two larvae do not get close to each other, with their ventral faces downward and fine sand spreading, and the surface is covered with 3cm fine sand to make the surface slightly flat.
2. Box cultivation: Box cultivation is also suitable for family cultivation, and can be cultivated in large and small wooden boxes, wooden pots and plastic pots. There should be plastic film at the bottom and around the wooden case to prevent water loss. First, spread fine sand with a thickness of 5-7cm, then evenly put bacteria and insects with a spacing of 2-3cm, and then cover them with sand for 3-5cm. The surface of the wooden box is arched with plastic film to keep moisture. In order to save space, wooden cases can be stacked.
3. Bed frame cultivation: Bed frame cultivation is a development mode of mass production, which is generally suitable for indoor use and can make full use of indoor and outdoor shelf cultivation to save space. The width of the bedstead is 1 m, and it is made of bamboo and wood according to the design of its own room. The four sides of each floor are 12cm high, which is used for retaining soil. When cultivating, first spread a layer of plastic film, and then pour 5-7cm of fine sand.