According to years of artificial cultivation experience and growth habits, Trichosanthes kirilowii must be planted on sandy soil with deep soil layer, loose soil, sufficient fertility, convenient irrigation and drainage, and groundwater level below1m. Other soils can also be planted after improvement.
Second, the planting land arrangement
According to the natural water system, the field cultivation should be deeply ploughed, sunned, raked and ridged, with a row spacing of 2.5 meters, and made into high ridges with a width of 2 meters. Then dig a pit (0.5m deep and 0.3m wide) in the center of the ridge according to the plant spacing of 1m, put down the organic fertilizer, and then backfill the field soil on it. Finally, put sand on it and transplant it. Generally, high-quality farmyard manure 160 tons, phosphate fertilizer 50 kg and boron fertilizer 1 kg are uniformly applied per mu in into the pit, which is generally completed 10 days in advance.
Third, the method of colonization.
2. Planting time: plant Trichosanthes kirilowii in the field as soon as possible after frost-free, so as to win time for high yield in that year, usually in early April, and the specific time depends on the weather.
3. Reasonable close planting: Reasonable close planting is one of the important factors for high yield. Generally, there are more than 260 plants per mu. First put the seedlings on the sand, then cover them with a little sand, then cover them with fine soil with a thickness of 2 cm, and finally cover them with weeds. Spray water on weeds when the weather is dry.
Fourth, on-site scaffolding
Generally, scientific scaffolding uses cement columns, which are more durable. In mountainous areas, wood or bamboo can also be used for scaffolding to save costs. The column is 2.5m long, buried below 0.5m and 2m on the soil, which is relatively firm and convenient for pesticide application. Scaffolding surface should be smooth, surrounding columns should be lifted outward, and ground anchors should be pulled obliquely to prevent melon seedlings from entering the peak period and the wind blowing down the shelf. Otherwise, the whole shelf must fall steadily.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Tian Tuan management
Strengthening field management is the guarantee of high yield of Trichosanthes kirilowii
1, reasonable collocation of male plants: more than 4-5 plants per mu can be put on the shelf, and the rest can be put on the ground to grow.
2. Selection of main stem: Trichosanthes kirilowii was planted in the same year, and 1 ~ 2 healthy seedlings were selected for each plant, and all the others were removed. In the second year, only 1 root is left. Generally, when the main stem of the seedling grows to 0.3 ~ 0.5m, bamboo or soft rope should be used to guide the seedling to be put on the shelves in time. Erase all the side buds and fruits that grow before the main stem is put on the shelf (that is, those that grow under the shelf). When the seedlings grow to about 1m, they should be topped in time to promote the growth of lateral branches. If the perennial Trichosanthes kirilowii grows too vigorously, it should be trimmed in time (cut off thin and empty branches).
4. Rational fertilization: When the seedlings grow to 1 ft, ditching can be done at a distance of about 0.5 ~ 1 ft from the seedlings, and the mixture of manure and a small amount of urea can be lightly watered once, and then it can be watered once a week according to the seedling potential. According to the growth situation in the flowering and fruiting period, the fertilizer for protecting flowers and fruits can be properly applied, and the drugs for protecting flowers and fruits can be sprayed, and the anti-falling agent and auxin can be sprayed according to the growth situation.
Six, intertillage weeding and fertilization
In the early stage of seedling growth, human and animal manure should be lightly applied to promote seedling growth. In the fruit-setting stage, combined with intertillage weeding, the main purpose is to keep the soil loose and improve the air permeability of the soil, and then apply flower and fruit fertilizer. 60 kilograms of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu, ditching and deep application. At the same time, the pollen of male flowers can be picked and watered by sprayer for artificial pollination to improve the fruit setting rate. In the growing season, if the weather is dry, you can irrigate in the ditch to keep the soil moist, but the water can't ridge.
Seven, pest control
There are fireflies on the unearthed surface of Trichosanthes kirilowii seedlings, which can be controlled by dimethoate plus (the great hero). During the flowering period to the fruiting period, there are melon moth pests, which can be carefully sprayed with (high-efficiency cyanopolyester) and (dimehypo). Generally, technicians can be consulted for guidance at any time.
Eight, timely picking and processing
When the fruit turns from green to yellow and from hard to soft, it can be harvested. After harvest, choose a sunny day to peel and wash seeds. Seeds can be easily washed by boiling in a pot for two days (but not too long, up to three days). Dry it immediately after washing, and turn it frequently in bad weather to avoid affecting the taste of seeds. Be sure to watch the weather forecast when peeling seeds. If it is cloudy, you can leave the melon at home to avoid rotten skin and reduce income.
Nine, winter management
After the fruit of Trichosanthes kirilowii is harvested, it should be ploughed and dried in time to reduce pests and diseases, and the main stem should be cut off 2 cm from the ground.
Ten, pest control
According to several years' production practice, the pests and diseases that seriously harm the growth of Trichosanthes kirilowii include root-knot nematode disease, stem blight, anthracnose, bacterial angular leaf spot, melon moth, melon aphid and so on.
The specific control measures are as follows: 1. Select high-quality seedlings such as Wanlou 1, Ye Quan 1 and Yan Feng 1; 2. Strengthen on-site management; 3, the right medicine: Fusarium wilt: 10% (Shigao) 1000 times liquid coated on the ground about 1m main stem; Anthrax: 40% (Fuxing) 8000 times liquid spray; Bacterial angular displacement: 57.6% (Guanjunqing) 1000 sprays; Root-knot nematode disease: 80% carbendazim 160 g, 50% phoxim 50 g, 200 kg root irrigation water, the second time after the fruiting period of Trichosanthes kirilowii 1 times; 4, the implementation of flood and drought for three years.