Brief introduction of electron tube
Before introducing the difference between the two, I will introduce electron tubes and transistors respectively. First of all, let's learn about electron tubes. An electron tube is a kind of signal amplifier, usually sealed in a glass tube. It can use electric field to send signals to the control grid and electronic modulator in vacuum, thus maintaining the sound quality of audio equipment and expanding audio power.
There are many kinds of electronic tubes, and different kinds of electronic tubes have different functions. Electron tubes are rarely used now, because they are too big and consume too much power, so they have a short life in general and have been replaced by transistors. However, it still plays an important role in high-power wireless devices and other devices.
Brief introduction of transistor
Transistor is an upgraded product of electron tube, and now it almost completely replaces electron tube. It is a solid semiconductor electronic component, and the transistor has the functions of detecting radio waves, integrating current, expanding power and stabilizing voltage. It is widely used, so it becomes the most important electronic device in various electronic products.
There are many kinds of transistors, such as semiconductor triode, giant transistor, photoelectric transistor, bipolar transistor and single electron transistor. These transistors have the advantages of low current consumption, long service life and no need for preheating.
The difference between electron tube and transistor
Through the brief introduction of electron tube and transistor, I think everyone has a comprehensive understanding of electron tube and transistor, and also a preliminary understanding of the difference between electron tube and transistor. The following summarizes the main differences between electron tubes and transistors.
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Second, the types of electronic tubes:
(1) Classification by purpose
Electron tubes can be divided into voltage amplifier, power amplifier, gas tube, thyratron, ignition tube, mixer or frequency converter, rectifier tube, oscillator tube, detector tube, tuning finger tube, voltage regulator tube and so on.
(II) Classification by number of electrodes
According to the number of electrodes, electron tubes can be divided into voltage amplifier, triode, quadrupole, pentapole, hexapole, attack electrode, octopole, nonapole and composite tube. Electron tubes with more than three poles are also called multipole tubes or multigrid tubes.
(3) Classification by appearance
According to their shapes and shell materials, electronic tubes can be divided into bottle-shaped glass tubes (ST tubes), "Acorn" tubes, cylindrical glass tubes (GT tubes), large glass tubes (G tubes), metal porcelain tubes, small tubes (also known as peanut tubes or finger tubes, MT tubes), tower-shaped tubes, ultra-small tubes (pencil tubes) and so on.
(4) Classification by internal structure
According to its internal structure, electronic tubes can be divided into single diode, diode, double diode triode, double diode diode, single triode, power pentode, beam quadrupole, beam pentode, Shuang Yi quadrupole, diode-pentode composite tube, beam quadrupole, triode-pentode composite tube, triode-hexapole tube and beam power department.
(5) Classification by cathode heating mode.
According to the cathode heating method, electron tubes can be divided into direct heating cathode tubes and indirect heating cathode tubes.
(6) Classification by shielding mode
Electron tubes can be divided into sharp cut-off shielding electron tubes and far cut-off shielding electron tubes according to shielding methods.
(7) Classification by cooling mode
Electron tubes can be divided into water-cooled electron tubes, air-cooled electron tubes and naturally cooled electron tubes according to cooling methods.
Transistor is a solid semiconductor device, which can be used for amplification, switching, voltage stabilization, signal modulation and other functions. As a variable switch, the transistor controls the output current according to the input voltage.
Transistors are mainly divided into two categories: bipolar transistors (BJT) and field effect transistors (FET).
A transistor has three electrodes. The three poles of bipolar transistor are emitter, base and collector respectively. The three poles of field effect transistor are source, gate and drain respectively.
1. In bipolar transistors, a small current from emitter to base will lead to a large current from emitter to collector.
2. In a field effect transistor, a small voltage is applied to the gate to control the current between the source and the drain. In analog circuits, transistors are used for amplifiers, audio amplifiers, radio frequency amplifiers and regulated power supplies, and in computer power supplies, they are mainly used for switching power supplies.
Transistors are also used in digital circuits, and their main function is to simulate electronic switches.
First of all, from the appearance, the electron tube has a glass cover, which provides a vacuum environment for electronic components, while the transistor does not. The transistor looks relatively simple and is made of semiconductor. Secondly, electron tubes and transistors are quite different in function. The function of electron tube is mainly to expand the power of audio equipment, and it is a signal amplifier with simple function, while transistor is a multifunctional electronic device with complete functions, which integrates rectification, signal modulation, power expansion and voltage stabilization. From the use effect, there is still a huge difference between electron tubes and transistors. The electron tube has a short life and consumes a lot of electricity during use, and the electric appliance is prone to heat, while the transistor has a long life and consumes less electricity, which can reduce the loss of electric energy and emit less waste heat.