Xilingol Grassland

Xilingol is Mongolian, meaning river in hilly areas. Xilingol League is located north of Beijing, the capital of the motherland, in the middle of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, bordering Mongolia to the north, with a 1,098-kilometer border. It borders Chifeng City, Tongliao City and Xing'an League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to the east, Ulanqab League to the west, and Chengde and Zhangjiakou of Hebei Province to the south, with a total area of ??203,000 square kilometers.

It is the border minority area closest to Beijing. The alliance has jurisdiction over 9 banners, 2 cities, 1 county, and 3 autonomous region-level green industry development zones. There are 24 ethnic groups in the alliance, including Mongolian, Han, Hui, Daur, and Oroqen, with a total population of 920,000, of which Mongolians account for 29.6%. There are two land ports, Erenhot and Junggar Dabuqi. Erenhot is a prefecture-level city in the autonomous region's planned city. It is an open border city approved by the State Council and an important land bridge connecting Mongolia, Russia, Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Xilinle Grassland is part of the Inner Mongolia Plateau. The terrain is relatively flat and open, and the available high-quality natural grassland area reaches 180,000 square kilometers.

The terrain slopes from southeast to northwest. There are many low hills in the southeast, and there are sporadic basins and flat terrain in the northwest, with some low hills and lava terraces scattered in between. To the northeast is the Ujimqin Basin, with a dense network of rivers and abundant water resources. To the southwest is the Hunshandake Sand Land, which consists of a series of ridged sand belts, mostly fixed and semi-fixed sand dunes. The altitude is between 800-1200m, cold, windy and dry, with an average annual temperature of 1-2 and a frost-free period of 90-120 days. The annual precipitation is 150-400 mm from northwest to southeast, and it has a mid-temperate semi-arid and arid continental monsoon climate. Xilingol League has four distinct seasons. In spring, the temperature rises quickly, and it is windy and heavy rainfall; in summer, it is cool and rainy, with a large rainfall change rate; in autumn, it is cool, sunny, windy and stable; in winter, it is long and cold, with total snowfall of generally 10-20mm. There are rivers and lakes in Xilingol League. Most of the rivers are inland, including the Uragai River, Balagan River, Xilingol River and Gaositai River. The outflowing river is the Luanhe River system. There are 1,363 large and small lakes embedded in the vast grassland, with a total water storage capacity of 3.5 billion cubic meters, including 672 freshwater lakes with a water storage capacity of 2 billion cubic meters. There are four major lakes: Uragai Lake, Chagannur Lake, Baiyinkulunnuoer Lake and Haoletuinnuoer Lake. The vast Xilin Gol Prairie is rich in tourism resources, especially famous for its rich tourism resources and complete types of grasslands. There are meadow grasslands, typical grasslands, semi-desert grasslands, sandy grasslands, and more than 1,200 types of above-ground plants.

Xilingol Grassland Nature Reserve is a national grassland nature reserve listed in the International Biosphere Network by UNESCO. Whenever summer comes, the charming Ujimqin meadow grassland is a sea of ??green, with noble peonies and beautiful mountain danies blooming, and white clouds floating in the endless blue sky. Shepherds riding horses, cattle and sheep playing in the water, coupled with the smoke from the yurts and the slow Lelei, will definitely make tourists who are immersed in nature feel relaxed and beautiful. The typical Huitengxile grassland full of flowers reproduces the beautiful scenery of cattle and sheep. The nine winding and eighteen bays of the Xilin River are like white Hada floating on the grassland, which will make you linger. When you step into this magical land, you will appreciate the history and culture of the northern nomads. Historically, the Xilin Gol Prairie was composed of five tribes from east to west: Ujimqin, Haojit, Abahanaer, Abaga, and Sunit.

In 1958, the Xilingol League and the Chahar League merged into the Xilingol League, and the Chahar tribe was merged into the Xilingol Grassland. Among them, the Chahar tribe is the tent tribe of the Mongol Khans of the Golden Family starting from Genghis Khan, and the Abaga tribe is the descendants and subjects of Beili Gutai, Genghis Khan's younger brother. To this day, they still completely retain the nomadic culture and customs of the grasslands, from clothing, food, and dwellings to singing and dancing, weddings, ceremonies, festivals, and so on. It has an important position and representativeness in the history and culture of the entire Mongolian nation.

For example, the milk products of Zhenglan Banner are the best in processing and became tributes to the emperor. Zhengqi Mongolian is defined as the standard pronunciation of modern Mongolian, that is, the lingua franca of Mongolian. This can only illustrate the central position of the Xilingol Prairie in Mongolian history and culture.

Here are the ancient Qin-Yan-Jin Great Wall that crosses the central grassland and the world-famous Yuan Shangdu ruins, as well as the elegant and solemn "Hunger", "Xuanshi Slope" and "Lima Peak" rock paintings left behind by Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty during his five northern expeditions. Beizi Temple, one of the four major temples in Inner Mongolia, combines religion and Mongolian culture to worship the holy land of Baiyin Chagan Aobao. The world-famous Tongur Basin, the hometown of dinosaurs, will arouse your waves.

Here there is the majestic beauty of endless, open and deep, as well as the dynamic beauty of seeing cattle and sheep in the wind; there is also the blue sky and white clouds, green grass, shepherds riding horses, and the harmonious beauty of man and nature. The Xilingol League grassland has beautiful natural scenery, simple Mongolian customs, unique production and lifestyle, numerous cultural relics, long history and culture, pleasant summer climate, and huge potential for tourism development. In recent years, the Xilingol League Committee and Administrative Office have attached great importance to the development of grassland tourism and listed it as one of the three characteristic industries. Relying on these rich grassland tourism resources, Ximeng has successively cultivated and developed tourism projects such as horse riding, camel riding, archery, bridle riding, sheep herding, Obo offerings, Mongolian singing and dancing, costume performances, and experiencing the production and life of herdsmen.

We have launched tours around the Xilinhot natural grassland, grassland ecological tours in Xilin Gol National Grassland Nature Reserve, Ujimqin grassland nomadic tribes special tours, Aershan holy spring rehabilitation and health tours, grassland sheep herding tours, and grassland folk customs. Tours, grassland wedding tours, sand source control tours, Yuan Shangdu ruins adventure tours, and dinosaur tours. Tourism activities are unique and colorful. Xilingol League has a complete tourism management organization and unique attractions, and the tourism reception environment is improving day by day. There are tourism management agencies in all regions of the alliance, including 6 travel agencies (3 international travel agencies, 3 domestic travel agencies); more than 40 grassland scenic spots, including 5 AA-level scenic spots and above; historical landscapes include Beizimiao and Yuanshangdu Ruins, Shaanxi Guild Hall, Huizong Temple, Dinosaur Museum, etc. Among them, Yuan Shangdu Ruins is applying for a world cultural heritage. There are more than 40 hotels in the alliance, including 10 star hotels. Xilinhot, which has been awarded the titles of China's Excellent Tourism City and National Sanitary City, is the political, economic and cultural center of the Alliance and the main distribution center for grassland tourism in the Alliance.

It has more than 20 hotels with more than 2,000 beds. If you are lucky enough to come here, the beautiful environment and green grasslands will blend in with the entire city. The so-called city in the grassland, grassland in the city, whole sheep feast, finger meat, Mongolian barbecue, mutton hot pot and other flavor meals reflect the profound heritage of Mongolian food culture. Listening to the melodious matouqin can not only arouse your pride until you are drunk, but also arouse your emotions. Xilinle has convenient transportation and communications and an active tourism and shopping market. At present, Ximeng has formed a railway and highway transportation network extending in all directions with the location of the League Banner as the center and national highways and provincial highways as the backbone. The roads leading to various scenic spots have basically realized black pavement.

The Xilinhot Railway has been officially opened to traffic simultaneously with the Jitong Railway Line. Tourist trains to and from Hohhot arrive at dusk every day. Xilinhot Airport can take off and land Boeing 737 aircraft, and can fly directly to Beijing, Dalian and Hohhot. There are flights every day during tourist season. The widening and reconstruction of the section of National Highway 207 from Zhangjiakou to Xilinhot and the completion of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Expressway have greatly shortened the travel time for tourists from the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and south areas to the Xilin Gol Prairie. It takes about 4 hours to enter Xilinhot Prairie by land from Beijing and about 7 hours to reach Xilinhot City. The flight from Beijing to Xilinhot only takes 40 minutes, so the transportation is very convenient.

The communication within the league is convenient and smooth, and a four-level rural and pastoral information service network has been established at the league, banner (county), Sumu (township), and Gacha (village) levels. Among them, the Sumu (township) government has 60 Internet. Electricity supply is sufficient, urban infrastructure construction is accelerating, and comprehensive service functions are constantly improving. The shopping market is very active. The All-China Federation of China has developed, designed, and produced more than 400 kinds of flavored foods, handicrafts, and souvenirs using local meat, dairy products, bones, horns, hair, agate, plants, gold and silver metals, etc., to meet the needs of tourists from different regions. shopping needs. The Xilinle Prairie attracts worldwide attention because it is a natural green treasure house with unparalleled ecological resources for grassland tourism.

During the Tenth Five-Year Plan, Xilingol League will seize the historical opportunity of the country’s implementation of the Western Development, use reform and opening up and scientific and technological progress as the driving force, vigorously develop grassland tourism, continuously strengthen the ecological environment and infrastructure construction, and provide Policy and financial support will be provided to increase investment in grassland tourism. On this basis, in the future, Ximeng will focus on the development of domestic tourism and international tourism, highlight the unique natural landscape and rich Mongolian customs of the Xilingol Prairie, and build grassland tourist attractions (spots) that meet international tourism standards and unique ethnic characteristics. Tourism service facilities, and strive to form a tourism reception service system of a certain scale by 2010 and become a new grassland tourism area with rich ethnic characteristics in northern China.

Xilingol grassland has the bluest sky, the whitest clouds, the clearest wind, the greenest grass, and the most unique style. The grassland in Naadam in August is golden, the autumn is crisp, the cattle and sheep are fat, and the herdsmen The harvest season has arrived. At this time, they began to brew kumiss, slaughter cattle and sheep, sew new clothes, prepare various delicacies, hold Naadam (Mongolian for entertainment and recreation) of different scales, and hold archery, wrestling, horse racing and other traditional sports competitions, known as It is the three unique qualities of men and women. Naadam generally lasts five to seven days. At this time, herdsmen dressed in brand-new national costumes, riding and driving horses, gathered together from all directions. Set up a felt tent on the green grass, make tea and cook meat. The entire grassland was filled with smoke and people were cheering for joy. Naadam originated in the early 13th century and plays an important role in the lives of the Mongolian people. At that time, every time Mongolian leaders held a big Huli Letai (big gathering), in addition to formulating regulations, appointing and removing officials, rewarding and punishing, they also held a large-scale Naadam.

The main sports in Naadam at that time were archery, wrestling and horse racing. Today's Naadam has added many new contents, such as material exchanges, cultural performances, etc. Let this traditional national event be more festive, auspicious, joyful and effective! Wrestling is the main content of Naadam. Without wrestling, it cannot be called Naadam. There can be more or less wrestlers, up to more than 1,000, and there are no restrictions on geography or weight. After the wrestlers are paired up, a single-elimination system will be used, and the loser will not be allowed to rematch. Wrestlers wore tight half-sleeved vests made of cowhide or canvas, with bare arms covering the back and edges inlaid with copper nails.

Wearing fat wrestling pants at the bottom, Mongolian boots at the feet, and a colored stripe Jingga made of five-color satin hanging around the neck, marking how many places you have won. In most areas, wrestlers sing wrestling songs before matches. Wrestlers from both sides must jump at the entrance and finish. After the referee gave the order, the two sides shook hands and began to face off. There is no time limit and no hugging or kneeling allowed.

Landing on anything above the knees is a failure. There are prizes for all the wrestlers who participate in Naadam, and the prizes for the top three are more valuable than Mongolian history that values ??the Darhan wrestlers. It is a lifelong honor. At the ceremony to confer the honorable title, the wrestler who was awarded the title of Darhan put on the full costume of the competition, sang three wrestling songs, and then jumped into the arena to perform. The leader who presided over Naadam gave him a badge, proving that

The dinosaur cemetery Tungur is located in Erlian City, a pocket port city in the northwest of Xilingol League, near Sunit Erqi. This is the location of the famous Dinosaur Cemetery Toncourt. There is a salt lake 18 kilometers northeast of Erlian City, surrounded by the vast Gobi Desert. About 60-70 million years ago, this vast Gobi Desert was a vast ocean. The surrounding lakes are widely distributed, with lush trees and tropical and subtropical scenery.

Huge and ferocious carnivorous dinosaurs, tall duck-billed dinosaurs, resembling ostriches, bird-like dinosaurs with unique Asian characteristics, appear in this green world. Later, with the violent movement of the earth's crust, the geological structure of this area underwent tremendous changes. Dinosaurs and other reptiles that lived here for many years were buried underground when the earth's crust moved. The vast water surface gradually evaporated due to the dry climate, forming today's Erlian Salt Pond. This dinosaur cemetery has also become a holy place for paleontologists and geologists around the world. As early as the beginning of the 19th century, expeditions and expeditions from many countries traveled to Tungur.

At the beginning of this century, paleontologists unearthed a large number of dinosaur fossils in the Erlian area. Since then, the investigation has continued uninterrupted.

By the late 1950s, national paleontologists and geologists unearthed two complete hadrosaur fossils and three carnivorous dinosaur fossils in the Erlian area. So far, dinosaur fossils have been discovered in the Tongol area, such as Ornithosaurus from Asia, Alaisaurus from Europe, Bacosaurus from Jiangxi, and Manchusaurus from Mongolia.

In recent years, a complete dinosaur fossil has been unearthed near the Chagannur Alkali Mine in Sunit Right Banner. This is the largest and most complete dinosaur fossil in China and even Asia. According to expert identification, this dinosaur fossil belongs to the order Lepidoptera, the largest dinosaur family. It is 21 meters long, 6 meters high and weighs nearly 100 tons. It has been named Chagannur dinosaur.