all one's life
Xu was born in Suzhou and was a farmer before moving to Shanghai. Xu Guangqi's grandfather made a fortune by doing business, but after his father Xu Sicheng came down, he switched to farming. In the forty-first year of Jiajing (1562), Xu Guangqi was born in Taiqingfang (now Qiaojia Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai). As a teenager, Xu Guangqi studied in Longhua Temple. In the ninth year of Wanli (158 1), after jinshanwei was admitted as a scholar, he taught in his hometown and married the daughter of Wu Xiaoxi, Chu Shi of this county. Twenty-one years (1593), Xu Guangqi gave a lecture in Shaozhou, Guangdong Province, and met Jesuit lazarus Ka Tanjo. Twenty-four years (1596), transferred to teach in Zhou Xun, Guangxi.
In the 25th year of Wanli (1597), Xu Guangqi was praised by the examiner Jiao Hong and promoted by Shuntianfu. The next year, he failed to get into the Jinshi exam and returned to his hometown to teach. Twenty-eight years (1600), he went to Nanjing to meet his teacher Jiao Hong and met Matteo Ricci for the first time. In the thirty-first year (1603), he was baptized into Catholicism by Jesuit Jean de Rocha in Nanjing, and his Christian name was Paul.
In the thirty-second year of Wanli (1604), Xu Guangqi was a scholar and was elected as the Jishi Shu of the Hanlin Academy. In the thirty-fourth year (1606), he began to cooperate with Matteo Ricci to translate the first six volumes of Elements of Geometry, which was translated, printed and published in the spring of the following year. After translating the Elements of Geometry, he translated the book The Meaning of Measurement according to Matteo Ricci's dictation. In the thirty-fifth year of Wanli (1607), the Hanlin Pavilion expired in three years and was awarded a review by the Hanlin Academy.
In the same year, Xu Guangqi's father died in Beijing, and he returned to his hometown to keep the system. The following year, lazaro Ka Tanjo was invited to preach in Shanghai, which became the beginning of the introduction of Catholicism into Shanghai. During the period of keeping the system, he sorted out and finalized The Meanings of Weights and Measures, and cross-referenced the Meanings of Weights and Measures with Zhou Bian Shu Jing and Jiu Zhang Arithmetic to sort out the Similarities and Differences of Weights and Measures. A book, The Meaning of Pythagoras, discusses the quotient height theorem; Open up double gardens and farmhouse villas, carry out crop introduction and cultivation experiments, and engage in the cultivation of sweet potatoes, radishes, Gibberella, cotton planting and bamboo planting in Dai Yuan.
In the thirty-eighth year of Wanli (16 10), Xu Guangqi returned to Beijing and was reinstated. Because Qin's prediction of solar eclipse was not accurate, he cooperated with missionaries to study astronomical instruments and wrote Jane Ping Yi Shuo, Ping Faint Tu Shuo, Day Dialing Tu Shuo and Night Dialing Tu Shuo. For forty years (16 12), he studied western water conservancy with Jesuit priest P. Sabbathino de Ursis and translated 6 volumes of Taixi Water Law.
In the early winter of the forty-first year of Wanli (16 13), Xu Guangqi went to Tianjin on sick leave because of disagreement with some ministers of the DPRK. He planted rice in Fangshan and Laishui counties, conducted various agricultural experiments, and successively wrote books such as Appropriate Reclamation Order and Draft Agricultural Book (Beigeng Record), which laid the foundation for the compilation of Agricultural Administration Book.
In the forty-fourth year of Wanli (16 16), Shen que, assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites, wrote three times, requesting to investigate and deal with foreign missionaries, because Nanjing was difficult to teach. Xu Guangqi defended the missionaries in the preface. In the same year, Xu Guangqi returned to Beijing and was reinstated. The following year, he was appointed as Zuo Chunfang and Zuo Zanshan. After illness, I returned to Tianjin and made a "fecal regulation".
In the forty-sixth year of Wanli (16 18), Kinnurhachi sent troops to enter the customs, and Xu Guangqi was called into Beijing on a starry night. In forty-seven years (16 19), the Ming army was defeated in the battle of Salhu, and he repeatedly asked for training. Later, he was promoted to Shaozhan, served as a Taoist consultant in Henan, and trained a new army in Tongzhou. However, due to the difficulties in the supply of military salaries and equipment, the training plan is not smooth. In the first year of the apocalypse (162 1), Xu Guangqi returned to Tianjin to recuperate; When Liaoyang fell in June, he was recalled to Beijing, urging the use of western artillery to help defend the city. However, due to disagreement with the Minister of War, he resigned again in1February.
In the third year of the Apocalypse (1624), Xu Guangqi was promoted to Right Assistant Minister and a student of the Ministry of Justice. At that time, Wei Zhongxian was autocratic, and he refused to take office. The following year, he was fired. After Xu Guangqi returned to Shanghai, he "systematically enlarged, revised, examined and sorted out" the agricultural data accumulated for many years, and compiled the later Complete Book of Agricultural Administration. He also translated The Spoon of Lingyan in cooperation with P.Franciscus Sambiasi. He also compiled his military articles into a book and printed and published Xu's Words.
In the first year of Chongzhen (1628), Xu Guangqi was recalled to Beijing and reinstated. In the second year (1629), he was promoted to assistant minister Zuo. Because Qin's calculation of the solar eclipse was inaccurate, Emperor Chongzhen agreed that Xu Guangqi should preside over the revision of the calendar. In the same year, Huang Taiji led tens of thousands of troops to attack Gyeonggi, and Emperor Chongzhen called the platform of his ministers to discuss the matter, and Xu Guangqi played the role of defending the war. For three years (1630), he was promoted to be the minister of rites. Since four years ago, many volumes of almanac have appeared one after another, namely "Chongzhen Almanac". In five years (1632), he joined the maintenance department as an official of the Ministry of Rites and a university student of Dongge. In the sixth year (1633), he was also a Tai Zi Taibao, and also a college student in Wenyuange. In the same year10.8 died of illness, 165438. Stone. Buried in Shanghai Xujiahui.
achievement
He made important contributions to agriculture, mathematics and astronomy. In his later years, he personally trained soldiers and advocated the use of western red guns for defense.
In cooperation with Italian missionaries such as Matteo Ricci, he translated the first six volumes of Euclid's Elements of Geometry, the Meaning of Measurement, Jane Eyre and Tessie Water Law, and edited the Calendar of Chongzhen.
Xu Guangqi paid attention to personal practice and experience summary in farming, and returned to the field many times in his life to engage in farming experiments, and wrote agricultural works such as Sweet Potato Sparse, Red Seed Sparse, Turnip Sparse, Bamboo Planting in Daiyuan Garden, North Farming Record and Miscellaneous Agricultural Heritage.
Xu Guangqi began to write the Complete Book of Agricultural Administration in the fifth year of the Apocalypse (1625). After he joined the cabinet on 1632 to participate in government affairs, he continued to supplement and even insisted on writing when he was ill. The manuscript was revised by Chen Zilong and compiled into 60 volumes, which was published in the 12th year of Chongzhen (1639).
work
1603 "Six Sticky Lectures on Mao Poetry" Volume 4
1607 elements of geometry (translated with Matteo Ricci) and measuring meaning (translated with Matteo Ricci).
1608 test similarities and differences, sweet potato is rare.
1609 "Goubuli"
16 1 1 year "On Jianping"
16 12 Taixi Water Method (translated with Xiong Sanbo)
1613 ——1618 "Agricultural Manuscripts" (Beigeng Record)
16 14 "Square Arithmetic" Volume II "Carving the Same Arithmetic Instructions"
16 19 "Notes on Examination Work" and "Selected Training Rules"
1620 Miscellaneous Agricultural Heritage Volume 5
1625 ——1628 encyclopedia of agricultural administration, 60 volumes.
1627 Xu Changwen Volume 5.
1629-1633 "chongzhen almanac" volume 137