1July, 944, Zhang ao was transferred to the director of Hubei Provincial Library, that is, he began to count books, sort out catalogues and hold training classes for librarians, which made the library open for borrowing quickly. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Zhang Ao was ordered to move the library back to Wuchang. Zhang Aoke did his duty and delivered hundreds of thousands of books and a large number of Chongwen textbooks safely, without any loss, and was commended by the Provincial Department of Education.
Zhang Ao devoted himself to education all his life, never joined the Party, did not admire power, did not seek personal gain, and was content with poverty. He is a simple and indifferent person and has a far-reaching influence in education. Especially during his tenure as President of Shang Gao, he was very strict about the selection of teachers and meritocracy, so the teaching quality in Shang Gao has been very high.
The life of Mr. Zhang ao
(Author: Wan Chunqi 1922- 1996, professor of Hubei Institute of Economics, member of Hubei Calligraphers Association)
Zhang Ao is good at reciting poems, including Ren Yuan Poems, Chorus of Poets, Afterglow of Nanyin, Ash after Nanyin's Robbery, etc., but all of them have been lost.
Zhang Ao (1890- 1946), formerly known as a native of Puyin, Hubei (now Chibi), was a member of the Zhang family in mountain crab. He was born in Zhang Renchang's family, and his father was Hongyuan, a student in the late Qing Dynasty. Mr. Wang was inspired in the countryside and studied at Ibn College. At that time, Zhang Zhidong founded a new school in Hubei, but transferred to the "middle school" in the provincial wall and got along well with Liu Shuqi in Yi Tong (1890- 1935). After the success of the Revolution of 1911, Mr. Wang graduated from middle school and was admitted to the Economics Department of Peking University University of Commerce. Graduated in the fifth year of the Republic of China (19 16), with a bachelor's degree in business. After graduation, recommended by Beiyang politician Pu Guogan (1876- 1959), he served as the director of the Trademark Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce of Beijing government for a short time and resigned the following year.
Run schools democratically and devote yourself to education.
19 17 At the end of this year, Mr. Wang assisted Cai Yuanpei and other scholars of Peking University to establish a private Comte school, paying attention to the teaching and cultivation of scientific spirit. Then, he appealed for the support of the elders in Hubei Province, gathered Hubei scholars and celebrities in Beijing, raised funds to set up a private middle school (with the Hubei Club in Beijing as the school site) and became the principal of the school. Soon, he expanded Zhi Min Middle School into a private Zhi Min University, and continued to serve as the principal. This is the beginning of Mr. Wang's commitment to education. Taking "rule by the people" as the name of the school comes from Dr. Sun Yat-sen's theory of governing the country, which shows Sun Yat-sen's democratic political thought. During the period of running a school, I will be responsible for everything, implement democratic management of the school, and support students to participate in the May 4th New Culture Movement; Overcoming difficulties such as political turmoil and insufficient funds for running schools, a number of talents have been trained. 1924, after witnessing the political corruption of the Beiyang regime and the decline of people's livelihood, the Guangdong government actively prepared for the Northern Expedition. Due to political choice, they resolutely closed the school and handed over the school affairs to Yu Zhengqing (underground party member, director of the Municipal Education Bureau after the liberation of Wuhan), Zhang Chuanqiong and Guo Zifan, and some Hubei colleagues and students returned to their hometown in the south. When I first arrived in Wuhan, I ran my own accounting firm in Hankou. 1926, 10 In June, the Northern Expeditionary Army conquered Wuchang, and the Wuhan National Government and the Hubei Provincial Government Committee (Hubei Provincial Government) were established one after another. Li (1890- 1927) became a member of the provincial government and director of education. Liu Shuqi returned to work in this province from Xiamen University after returning from the United States, urged Mr. Liu to close the accounting firm, and recommended Mr. Liu as the inspector of the Education Department. In the spring of the Republic of China 16, Li reorganized the middle schools in the province, and merged the former No.2 Middle School, No.3 Middle School, Engineering High School, Business High School and Hanyang No.5 Middle School (also known as Qingchuan Middle School) into the second provincial high school (the predecessor of the provincial higher business school). After the reorganization, Mr. Wang was appointed as the first principal. There are four departments under the jurisdiction of Provincial No.2 Middle School. The first and second parts are located in Dehua School in Hankou German Stadium (six classes in business) and Hanyang Needle Factory (six classes in engineering, transferred to No.3 Middle School), and the third and fourth parts are located in Hankou Ford School (ten classes in junior high school). After the failure of the Great Revolution, Guangxi warlord and Hu Zongduo invaded Wuhan, and Li Zhuanglie died. Wuhan was forced to suspend classes under the bloody rule of the Kuomintang Rightists. Mr. Wang witnessed the perversion of the Kuomintang reactionaries, and he was both sad and angry. After Liu Shuqi took over as a member of the provincial government and director of education, he was familiar with business study and education, and asked Mr. Liu to take over as the principal of No.2 Middle School. The school is located in Huaqing Street, Hankou (now the 16th Girls' Middle School on Yiyuan Road), and the ordinary junior high school is attached to Gong Yuan, Xipengjuan, Wuchang. Thanks to Mr. Wang's efforts, "High Business in No.2 Middle School" was quite famous in the society at that time, and most parents were proud that their children could attend "High Business in No.2 Middle School". In the following ten years (1929- 1938), Mr. Wang served as the director of the Education Department, the principal of the Rural Normal School of No.5 Middle School (Xiangyang), Qingchuan Middle School, No.6 Middle School (Huanggang) and Huanggang, and the inspector of the Education Department.
Anti-Japanese bonfire, uniting China to move westward twice
In the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938), in August, the Japanese invaders advanced on Hubei, and Wuhan was in an emergency. In order to save young children from the enemy, the Hubei provincial government hastily raised funds to set up a "Hubei United Middle School" adapted to the situation of the Anti-Japanese War (all students were paid at public expense), with Chen Cheng, then president of the province and commander of the Sixth Theater, as the principal, and moved to Shihe area with the west of the province to find a school site. At that time, the situation was critical and the traffic was tense, so Mr. Wang was appointed as the principal of United Middle School Branch. Shang Gao Branch merged Shang Gao No.1 Middle School, Hankou Vocational School and Shashi Vocational School into one school. As the location of the school moving westward has not been decided, students are urged to gather in Yichang first. 1938165438+1At the beginning of October, due to the Japanese aggressors' indiscriminate bombing of sand and righteousness every day, the acting chairman of the province called a meeting of the principals of the branches of Lianzhong, ordering teachers and students to evacuate Yichang that day to ensure safety. Shang Gao Branch was ordered to evacuate overnight. Waterway School furniture and books were escorted by Dean Ma and transported to Badong in the west by the ship Baoting. The boat arrived at the new beach in Zigui, and the water was very dangerous. Unfortunately, it sank when it was towed to the beach. On the land side, Mr. Wang is personally responsible. Together with Wang Mingqin, the head teacher, and Li Yexian, the staff, he stood on the ferry by the Yichang River with lanterns, counted the ferries that the students crossed the river according to the springboard, and made more than ten transitions back and forth before crossing all the students to An 'an Temple on the other side, counted the number again, and secretly crossed the bridge for the night. Crossing the river at night like this is to avoid low-altitude shooting by Japanese planes. At dawn the next day, we set out for the new school site, Badong Nanmu Garden. Climb the mountain and cross the valley for five or six days, pass through Muqiaoxi in Yichang, Gaoyayan in Changyang, Hejiaping and Lang Ping, and reach Yesanguan in Badong. After three days' rest in Yesanguan, I set off again, turned north and walked towards a steeper and wilder mountain. The first night was in wild flowers, the next day the green slope was in Zaoziping, and the third day it was in the areas of Maocao, Yang Shulin and Weijiahuang. When we set off at Yeshanguan, we found this road very dangerous and difficult to walk. The whole school set out in two days, and those who set out the next day can see the people who set out the day before crawling on the path hanging on the cliff, which shows the steepness of the mountain road. Weijiahuang area is a mountain with an altitude of more than 2000 meters. Looking down, you can vaguely see the houses and people in Nanmu Garden. The Yangtze River is like a belt, boats are like beans, planes are winding westward under their feet, and clouds are spreading overhead. Although the destination is already visible, it will take two or three hours to reach the destination along the steep slope. At this point, it is already the middle of 1 1 month. Nanmu Garden is located in the middle of Wuxia Gorge, adjacent to Qunfeng in the east and covered by dangerous rocks. North wangjiang face, cliff like a screen. More than a dozen families built houses on the mountain and extended to the village along the hillside. When 500 teachers and students from Shang Gao suddenly arrived, life became extremely difficult. Water is like oil, food is like gold, vegetables are not available, and epidemics often prevail. After the shock, I borrowed a private house as a dormitory and built a hut as a classroom. Keep it simple because it's rough and let it go. On the day of class resumption, the whole school was in jubilation. Yes193965438+February 12. Since then, this day has been designated as Shang Gao School Celebration Day, which was celebrated every year until the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC).
In September of the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940), the Japanese invaded the west, Shashi was reduced, and Yichang was blocked. Teacher Wang led the teachers and students to take refuge for the second time. The teachers and students of the whole school arrived in Wanxian County, Sichuan Province by "Jianyang" in batches via Qutang Gorge, then returned to Hubei on foot, crossed Modaoxi, Yueshan and Yechaba, and trudged to Wang Jiaying Town, Lichuan for the rest of the month. Wang Zhen, also known as Qingyuan Township, which means the source of Qingjiang River, is located on the high mountain at the junction of Sichuan and Hubei. The land is vast and sparsely populated, and the tigers roar. Paoge gangs are rampant in the town. After Shang Gao moved here, he was deeply threatened. Local evil forces even threatened to kill students and drive away schools. In order to eliminate hidden dangers, Mr. Wang had to bear the burden of humiliation, contact in many ways, and condescend to entertain the local "uncle". In order to reduce contradictions, we moved the school outside the town, gave each student wooden benches and square boards, tidied it up hastily, and resumed classes immediately. At this time, most students are homeless and dependent on the school. Learning has become a common practice in the whole school. No matter whether life is complementary or not, teaching is becoming more and more formal and stable.
As a mere teenager, the author has experienced these two westward moves from beginning to end. It goes without saying that he has tempered his body and sublimated his thoughts. But Mr. Wang, who is over 500 years old, is deeply loved by teachers and students with his amazing perseverance, strong personality, meticulous planning and the spirit of sharing weal and woe with students. Every time he thinks about it, he sincerely admires it.
The garden is full of peaches and plums, and poets pay tribute to ancient and modern times.
Teacher Wang has been teaching for 30 years and has cultivated countless peaches and plums. However, due to the long history and changing times, it is difficult to find traces of the past. Shang Gao's two presidents experienced the most arduous and spectacular period of the Great Revolution (founding the school) and the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression (moving westward) in the history of Shang Gao. They advocate that running a school should focus on practicality, theoretical teaching should focus on basic courses, technical teaching should focus on introducing time system, and the requirements for hiring teachers are strict. The students they trained are very good in theory and operation, and they are also very happy to be appointed by the financial accounting department. Students have broad prospects and good social evaluation. Today, Mr. Wang is still serving the people with his strengths. For example, Cui Zhiqing, a professor at Zhongnan University of Finance and Economics, Hu Tiefu, director of the Department Store Bureau of the Ministry of Commerce, Qiu Xuchi, director of Jingzhou Grain Bureau, Han Yongnian, chief accountant of Shayang Farm, and Guo Binchao, an accounting teacher at Jianghan University, were all written by Mr. Tao Li in the 1940s.
After studying, Mr. Wang knows well the Song poetry, and he does not waste reciting it on public leisure days. From 65438 to 0929, he joined the famous Wuhan Nanyin Poetry Society while working in the Provincial Education Department. On the occasion of moving to the west and leaving the chaos, he and Chinese teachers Chen Shengzhai, Huang, Chen Zhongyu, Xiong, He, and fellow villagers outside the school reorganized the Nanyin Poetry Society, and sang about the feelings of worrying about the country and homesickness, resulting in two poems, Nanyin Sunset and Nanyin Ruined. At that time, the homemade waxed paper was carved by the author and was not widely circulated. After the relocation, the existing poems were edited by famous poets Qin Xiaofang and He, revised by Yu, and inscribed by famous social figures Yu Youren and Ma Xulun. They were compiled into two volumes of Poems of Ren Yuan (Ren Yuan: the name of Mr. Wuchang's residence), which was originally intended to be published, but it has not been printed due to economic difficulties. Unfortunately, it's gone every day.
Tired of going to the disaster area, he entered the provincial library.
In 33 years of the Republic of China (1944), the rare books in Longdong Reference Room of Hubei Library (Enshi, the capital of the library) were stolen by gangsters and scattered in the hands of street vendors. The news came out and shocked the ruling and opposition parties. The provincial Council must be responsible for dereliction of duty, and the original curator must leave. In July, Mr. Wang was transferred to the director of the provincial library. This time, he really didn't get into trouble again. After taking office, he will immediately rectify the book inventory and compile the book catalogue in Chinese and western languages; Hold training courses for librarians of provincial capitals; Moved to the new site of Wuyang Dam and officially opened to the public. In September of the following year, with the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Provincial Pavilion was ordered to move to Wuchang. On the one hand, Mr. Wang sent staff to Han to assist Yang, a member of the Provincial Education Department, to receive books from the new building under the Puppet Provincial Library and Sheshan Security Museum (that is, the current building is occupied by the Puppet Manchu Security Headquarters); Packaging and relocation plan for hundreds of thousands of books and a large number of Chongwen editions (engraved by Zhang Wenxiang in Hubei, which are called treasures by academic circles). In order to meet the needs of the new situation, Mr. Wang helped to establish the Enshi Library. After four months of careful preparation and three months of hard work, the relocation was successfully completed in August of the thirty-fifth year of the Republic of China (1946). In September, newspaper and magazine reading rooms were opened to the public. 10, the provincial education department issued a document commending Mr. Zhang, saying that "the museum was moved from Enshi to Wuchang, and all the public property was completely new after long-distance handling, without any loss. It is enough to prove that the curator cares for public property, carefully plans in advance, and temporarily keeps it properly. He should be rewarded as a sign of encouragement. "
During his tenure as the director of the provincial museum, Mr. Wang attached great importance to the increase of library collection and achieved remarkable results. Since War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the provincial library no longer buys any books and periodicals. The Kuomintang government has always relied on issuing more paper money to maintain the situation, and the provincial treasury funds have never been fixed. However, with Mr. Wang's efforts, he donated, received and purchased a considerable number of books during his term of office: (1) 4,996 suicide notes donated by phonological exegeticist Huang Jigang; (2) Receiving 5228 Japanese books from Hankou Branch of Xingya Research Association; (3) Receiving more than 6.5438+0.2 million books from Wuchang Library; (4) Receiving 234 kinds of thread-bound books in Chongwen edition from Chongwen Bookstore, keeping 5 copies of each kind and selling the rest; (5) Receiving about 49,000 other old editions; (6) Acquired 26 1 kind of rare ancient books collected by Zhang, the chief usurper of the Provincial Local Records Museum, totaling 2098 volumes. In this way, excluding the edition, the collection has doubled from the original160,000 to 70,000, reaching more than 330,000.
The mourning and glory behind him, the regret and respect of the teaching community.
In the forty-five years of the Republic of China (1946), Mr. Wang Ran struggled in the long-term war turmoil and exile. He was finally exhausted and died suddenly on February 6, 2006 at the age of 57. The death of Mr. Wang shocked the academic circles and mourned at the door. On the second day after Mr. Wang's death, Wuhan Daily reported as follows: "Zhang Ao, director of the provincial library, died in the provincial hospital at 5 am yesterday due to cerebral hemorrhage. Zhang Zideting, a native of Puyin County, graduated from Peking University. He has been the principal of a provincial middle school for more than ten years and is also the inspector of the teaching department. He is Geng Jie, and he is good at poetry. He spared no effort to overcome all kinds of difficulties and was overzealous. It's a pity that his colleagues heard the news! On February 22, 65438, "Mr. funeral committee, curator of Zhang Gu" (moderator: Shu, director of the Provincial Science and Technology Museum and alumnus of Peking University) published an obituary in Wuhan Daily, saying that Mr. Zhang "had organized a friendship organization in funeral committee before his death to handle all funerals, and the body of General Feng was reported to the provincial library. We chose the national calendar1February 26th morning 10: 00 to hold a memorial service in the provincial library, and sent a temporary visit to Changchun Temple outside the East Gate of Wuchang at10: 00 in the morning. 65438+On the morning of February 26th, a grand memorial service was held in the lobby and front square of the provincial library. Hundreds of people attended the meeting, including representatives of the provincial government, colleagues in the education sector, friends, relatives and teachers, Mr. Tao Li and so on. After the meeting, they all walked for a while to see Chang off. The whole ceremony was solemn. Shang Gao, Wuchang Senior Middle School, No.1 Middle School, Provincial Science and Technology Museum, Provincial Biology Museum and other teaching halls have all closed classes or offices. The next day, President Wan sent a secretary to the museum to offer condolences. The following year, Mr. Wang's coffin was buried in the mountain, which was a rhinoceros spread in the west side of Chengjiashan Bay. After the carriage entered Putin, road sacrifices were held at Tingsi Bridge and Guantang along the way. After arriving at Zhonghuopu, a grand ceremony was held to receive the spirit for burial.
Teacher Wang has been engaged in education all his life. He does not join the Party, respect power or seek personal gain. The peace of mind of poor life and the persistence of cultivating talents. Conscientious, has been or has been; It has a great reputation and is respected by the teaching community. He is a simple and indifferent person. No finery, no empty words, no floating words, no colorful words, perfect words and deeds. So, on the day of his death, friends, relatives, teachers and friends all sighed. The painful philosopher died young, the great loss of realistic education, and the mourning and glory behind him were really unique in education at that time.
Main reference materials:
1. Hubei Business Briefing Volume XI (1986): Business School Volume;
Two. History of Hubei Library (1984).
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