Directory basic information, morphological characteristics of living environment, secret classification of migratory spawning in real estate season, basic information of living environment, morphological characteristics, secret classification of migratory spawning in real estate season.
Edit the basic information of this paragraph with the names of salmon, salmon, salmon, sorghum and salmon. The salmon (23 articles) are commonly known as northern trout, big trout, big trout, Guoduo fish, Luoguo fish, Gudong fish, Solenoid fish, Meng Qi fish, spotted trout and spotted trout. Also known as printed salmon or dog salmon. Salmonidae (Salmonidae) has a light-colored food fish in the North Pacific Ocean, whose scientific name is Oncorhynchus keta. It weighs 3.6 kilograms (8 pounds). During the autumn breeding season, it migrates more than 3,200 kilometers (2,000 miles) along the yukon river in North America. In spring, young fish hatch for several weeks and then enter the sea. Salmon is a cold-water migratory fish that lays eggs upstream. According to the upstream time, it can be divided into summer biota and autumn biota. In China (17), only the salmon produced in the upper reaches are autumn salmon, most of which spawn in the lower reaches, and only a few of them reach the upper reaches. After the fertilized eggs hatch, the larvae lurk in the dark between the gravel. When they grow to 50 mm, they begin to fall into the river and head for the sea. At maturity, they will be classified into freshwater rivers and return to their original breeding grounds to lay eggs. Usually at the age of 4, adult fish will not eat when they enter the breeding season. Choose a place with clear water quality, rapid water flow, water temperature of 5 ~ 7℃ and gravel as the substrate to lay eggs. The eggs are laid in a pit with a diameter of about 1 m and a depth of 30 cm. After spawning, the parents became emaciated and died in 7 ~ 14 days. Only reproduce 1 time in a lifetime. Fierce and carnivorous, young fish eat benthos and aquatic insects, and mainly eat herring, herring and other small fish after landing. The salmon is a relatively precious large-scale economic fish, with a maximum weight of more than 6.5 kg, extremely rich in fat and delicious meat. Its eggs are one of the precious aquatic products in Northeast China, with high nutritional value. Hemp salmon, also known as salmon, is famous for its delicious meat and rich nutrition, and has always been regarded as a valuable fish. Heilongjiang, China is rich in salmon, which is the "hometown of salmon". Salmon, Salmoniformes, Salmonsuborder, Salmonidae, one of the genus Salmon. Also known as Dafa, Dafa The side is long and flat. It gradually rises from the back of the head to the front of the dorsal fin base. The starting point of dorsal fin is the highest point of the body, and then it gradually bends towards the tail. The head is flat. The snout is prominent and slightly curved, shaped like a bird's mouth; In the breeding season, the male fish is the most prominent, bending towards each other like pliers, so that the upper and lower jaws do not match. The vomeroid teeth of the upper and lower jaws are well developed. Shallow bifurcation of caudal fin. When entering the tributary of the river in September, the body color is silvery white or scattered with small black spots, and there are dark horizontal stripes on both sides, which makes the breeding season colorful; When living in the ocean, the body is silvery white. Related pictures (7 photos) Salmon has a long body, a flat side and a prominent tail, like a bird's beak. It is a fierce carnivorous fish with a big mouth and sharp teeth. They have lived in the sea for four years. Every year in August and September, when they are sexually mature, they swim in droves from the far sea to the offshore, enter the river, take the Wan Li Road, go upstream and return to their birthplace-Heilongjiang. After entering the river, they stopped eating, and some salmon entered the cold tributaries of Heilongjiang, such as Wusuli River, Huma River and Songhua River, in order to find the most ideal spawning ground. The color of the salmon that is ready to lay eggs will change, and the color will be brighter. Before laying eggs, the females use their bellies and caudal fins to remove silt and weeds from the river bottom, stir fine sand and gravel, and build an oval spawning ground. Then the male and female fish get married and lay eggs, and the discolored salmon is laying eggs. After spawning, the exhausted parent fish will be guarded by the egg bed until they die. /kloc-After more than 0/00 days, the small fish hatched from the eggs. The next spring, they swam downstream to the sea. However, they will not forget their hometown. Once they are sexually mature, they will go through thousands of difficulties and swim back to their hometown. Hemp salmon has high economic value, its meat is very delicious, tender and red, delicious, extremely rich in fat and quite high in nutritional value. Protein content is 14.9- 17.5%, fat content is 8.7- 17.8%, and water content is 6 1.4%. Every 100g contains 1384 calories, 50mg of calcium and 65438+ phosphorus. In addition, it also contains sugars and multivitamins. Salmon generally weighs 3.5 kilograms, which is more than 5,000 grams of salmon eggs. Salmon is spindle-shaped, with a long mouth and a silvery white abdomen. Adult fish have 10 ~ 12 orange-red horizontal spots. Due to the different reproductive habits, it can be divided into spring and autumn. The species entering China belong to autumn type, so it is also called autumn salmon, which is usually much larger than ordinary fish, and the largest individual reaches 7.5 kg. Not only delicious, but also "salmon roe" is more precious than fish. Its diameter is about 7 mm, its color is purplish, transparent, amber-like, and its nutritional value is extremely high. Seven salmon eggs are equivalent to one egg. The caviar made from it is like a red pearl on a plate, which shines and can arouse people's appetite, so it is highly valued. [1] Therefore, it is very popular in Europe and America. Hezhe people living in Heilongjiang Province also make leather clothes, boots, cigarette cases and wallets from salmon skin. Salmon meat, liver, testicles and fish head all have medicinal value. Its meat has the effects of tonifying fatigue, strengthening spleen and stomach, warming stomach and regulating middle energizer, and can be used for treating edema, emaciation, dyspepsia, abdominal distension, vomiting, acid water, convulsion, swelling and pain, and sores. Fish liver can be used to extract cod liver oil. Protamine can be extracted from testis and made into various protamine preparations, which are suitable for treating reactions caused by excessive heparin injection. It also has obvious hemostatic effect on some hemorrhagic diseases (such as acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding and pulmonary hemoptysis). ) [2] Lake Baikal has a large number of salmon, with a large catch. Edit the living environment of this paragraph. Salmon eggs and fry can only survive in fresh water. They usually lay their eggs in gravel areas upstream of rivers in freshwater systems. Eggs hatch into seedlings and grow for a period of time, then go downstream into the sea of salt water system, grow and develop in the ocean with rich materials and accumulate energy. After growing for about 4 years, they will migrate to freshwater rivers to lay eggs. Salmon mainly inhabits the oceans in the northern hemisphere, with the largest number in the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea. [2] Edit the morphological features of this paragraph. Generally, salmon is about 60 cm long and flat on its side, slightly like a spindle; It gradually rises from the back of the head to the front of the dorsal fin base. The starting point of dorsal fin is the highest point of the body (20 salmon), and then it gradually bends towards the tail. The head is flat, the snout is prominent and slightly curved. The mouth crack is large and looks like a bird's beak, especially in the breeding period of male fish, which bends like a clip, making the upper and lower jaws mismatch. The maxilla is obviously free, and the posterior end extends to the posterior edge of the eye. The upper and lower jaws have a row of sharp teeth, which are sharp and inclined inward. Except for the four pairs of teeth at the front of the mandible, the other teeth are very small. Small eyes and scales, arranged like tiles. The lipid fin is very small and very backward. The caudal fin is deeply forked. When living in the ocean, the body color is silvery white, and soon after entering the river, the color becomes very bright. The back and sides first turn yellow-green, and then gradually darken, showing cyan-black, and the abdomen is silvery white. There are 8- 12 orange wedding stripes on the side of the car body. The female fish is thicker, the male fish has larger stripes, the snout, jaw, gill cover and abdomen are cyan or dark, and the gluteal fin and ventral fin are gray. At the spawning ground, the body color is darker. Salmon in North America turn red when they lay eggs. The prototype of salmon has a slightly flat body and is generally about 60 cm long. The head is big, the kiss is long, protruding and slightly curved, especially when the kiss of the male fish bends like a hook during the breeding period, which makes the upper and lower jaws mismatch. The eyes are closer to the snout than to the gill holes. The mouth is big, the teeth are flat and sharp, the top is slightly bent inward, and the upper and lower jaws have 1 rows of big teeth. The gill hole is large, and the gill rake 19-25. The body is covered with tiny round scales. The lateral line is obvious. Sideline scale132-148 (19-26/18-24). The dorsal margin gradually descends from the back of the head to the base of dorsal fin. The dorsal fin is 3-4,9-11,and the starting point is approximately equal to the snout and the base of the caudal fin. The lipid fin is small and connected with the gluteal fin, which is 2-4, 12- 15. The pectoral fin is 1, 4 1- 16, smaller and lower, and the ventral fin is 1-2, 8- 1 1. Tail fin fork The head, back and body are bluish black, and the abdomen is silvery white. There are 10- 12 orange-red transverse spots on the side of adult fish. The gluteal fin and ventral fin are grayish white. [3] In the section of editing life habits, salmon is a cold-water anadromous fish. Originally inhabited in the northern Pacific Ocean, they lived in the ocean for 3-5 years (usually reaching sexual maturity at the age of 4) before entering Heilongjiang in summer or autumn for reproductive migration. According to the upstream time, it can be divided into summer biota and autumn biota; Only Qiuxing entered China. Most of them lay eggs in the downstream, and only a few of them reach the upstream to lay eggs. They go upstream day and night, working tirelessly, and can advance 30-35 kilometers every day and night. No matter whether they encounter shallow canyons or rapids, they don't flinch and rush through many obstacles until they reach their destination. Adult fish do not eat after entering the fresh water breeding period. The conditions of salmon spawning ground are very strict, the environment should be secluded, the water quality should be clear, the water flow is fast, the water temperature is 5-7℃, and the bottom material is gravel ground. The spawning period is from late 10 to mid 10. Before spawning, the male fish beat the gravel with his tail fin and was impacted by the current to form a round pit with a diameter of about 100 cm and a depth of about 30 cm, which is called "lying"; The female fish lays eggs on the bed, and the male fish shoots semen. The female fish repeatedly poked the gravel with her tail fin to bury her eggs. After spawning, male and female fish wander around the spawning ground for a long time. Because the migration process is long and arduous, they stop eating during the migration process, and their physical strength is exhausted by building a "lying fetus" to lay eggs. The salmon after spawning is dark, thin and scarred, and has lost its edible value. Therefore, it died within 7- 14 days after spawning, thus completing the task of reproduction with difficulty. Only once in a lifetime, laying more than 4000 eggs. The larvae hatched from fertilized eggs like to lurk in the dark among the gravel. When they grow to about 50 mm, they start to go down the river and eat small plankton or dead mothers along the way. When arriving in Haikou, stay for a period of time, that is, migrate to the far shore; When it reaches sexual maturity, it will be classified into freshwater rivers to complete the task of reproduction. Salmon Salmon is a fierce carnivorous fish, which feeds on benthos and aquatic insects when it is young, mainly on herring, herring and other small fish in the ocean. The life habit of salmon is very interesting, as the fishermen in Heilongjiang say, "Born in the sea, died in the river". Salmon is a migratory fish in Haihe River, which lives in the North Pacific Ocean and is used for fattening and growth. When it reaches sexual maturity, in order to reproduce, it must go through all kinds of hardships, enter the river and trace back to the spawning ground for reproduction. Every autumn (September-65438+1October) comes, salmon spawn in the rivers of our country, cross the Sea of Okhotsk in droves, bypass Sakhalin Island, and go up the Heilongjiang River. They go all the way day and night, make painstaking efforts, travel long distances and keep moving forward, moving forward 30-35 kilometers every day and night. No matter whether it encounters shallow canyons or rapids waterfalls, it never flinches, rushes through numerous obstacles and crosses layers of obstacles. In order to cross waterfalls or obstacles, salmon tried to hit the water surface with its tail, jumped out of the water obliquely forward and upward through high-speed swimming, and jumped into the air of 2-2.5 meters. Because he is good at jumping, the old Latin name is Salire, which means jumping, and later it evolved into English Salmon. After a long journey, salmon don't eat food during migration, and rely on nutrients stored in their bodies to maintain their lives. Therefore, during the long journey, hunger and reproduction, most parent fish are thin and sick, especially male fish, and their physical strength is exhausted. Therefore, shortly after breeding, the male parent fish died one after another, completing its lifelong breeding task. Most females will still return to the ocean, get rich food and return to normal. However, after two months of development and incubation, the larvae lurk in the dark gravel. After the river opened in April of the following year, the larvae began to go into the sea when they grew to about 50 mm, then stayed along the coast for a period of time and then migrated to the open sea. When I am sexually mature, I will return to my birthplace and complete the task of reproducing. The seasonal salmon produced in this section is distributed on the east and west sides of the North Pacific Ocean. Wusuli River, Heilongjiang River and Songhua River are the most abundant in China, and Tumen River, Hunchun River, Mijiang River, Suifenhe River, Nenjiang River, Mudanjiang River and Dajiaxi River in Taiwan Province Province are also distributed. The fishing season is September-June, 65438+1October, the length of fish is generally 53-8 1 cm, the weight is 1-5 kg, and the maximum individual can reach about 10 kg. There are three kinds of salmon in rivers in China: O.keta, O.masou and O.gorbuscha, which migrate to Heilongjiang, Tumen and Wusuli rivers in China, and the peak season is September ~165438+1October. Wusuli River is rich in salmon, carp, silver carp, mandarin fish and crucian carp, which is the largest salmon producing area in China. Edit this secret of migration and spawning-after growing in the ocean for about 4 years, salmon will accurately migrate to the Danshui River where it was born, no matter how far it is, even to Wan Li. Because of the large number of salmon, and their journey is one-way (usually they die in the river after spawning), migration will bring back a lot of substances and energy absorbed by them in the ocean to feed many creatures in the inland. For example, the grizzly bear is an animal that relies heavily on salmon. There are more than 200 species of salmon in the migration areas of North America, and 80% of the nitrogen in the forests in this area is made of salmon. So the great migration realized the circulation of matter and energy in nature. The secret reason of salmon migration is that salmon eggs can only survive in fresh water. Of course, there should be other reasons, but this is still a mystery. How the salmon can cross the vast ocean and return to its birthplace accurately is still a mystery. The latest research shows that salmon have an iron particle in their brain, which, like a compass, can help them find their way accurately on the earth. Secret four salmon migrate to rivers. Due to the sudden exposure to fresh water, their kidneys and other organs have to adapt to the sudden lack of salt, which is a life-and-death test for them. Under normal circumstances, they will stop eating or even drinking water after entering the river. They rely on the energy stored in their bodies to struggle against the current. Secret 5 When salmon are ready to lay eggs, their body color will change obviously and become very bright. For example, salmon in North America will turn red (see the pictures in the morphological characteristics catalogue). Of course, this discoloration process is not completed at once, but begins when sex hormones migrate to rivers and are secreted in large quantities. The secret six salmon roe salmon roe is bright red with a diameter of 7 mm, which is very large compared with ordinary fish roe and is the first-class raw material for making caviar. Secret seven salmon jump over a small waterfall. When salmon goes upstream in a river, it often encounters many high-drop currents, such as waterfalls. At this time, the salmon will jump over. This is the evolutionary ability of salmon after 6 million years. Their jump is sometimes equivalent to a person jumping over four floors. Because he is good at jumping, the old Latin name is Salire, which means jumping, and later it evolved into English Salmon. Secret 8 Generally speaking, Pacific salmon will die after migrating and spawning, but Atlantic salmon will not. They migrate and lay eggs year after year. But the corroded bodies of Pacific salmon nourish rivers and provide enough food for their growing children. (This catalogue refers to the documentary "The Great Migration of Salmon" produced by BBC. According to this passage, there are three kinds of salmon in rivers in China: O.keta, O.masou and O.gorbuscha, and five kinds in North America: pink salmon, Ma Su salmon, Chum, Sockeye and Chinook salmon. Edit the economic value of this paragraph. The salmon is a precious large-scale economic fish. It's big and fat, and the meat is delicious. It can be eaten fresh, sticky, smoked and canned, all with special flavor. Salted fish eggs are called "red seeds", which have high nutritional value and enjoy a high reputation in the international market. In China, salmon is an export variety, the English name is Chum salmon, which is exported from Liaoning and Heilongjiang to Japan. Hemp salmon is not only a large-scale precious specialty fish in Heilongjiang Province, but also one of the precious freshwater fish in China. Its meat is tender, red, delicious, rich in fat and high in nutritional value. Protein content is 14.9- 17.5%, fat content is 8.7- 17.8%, and water content is 6 1.4%. Every 100g contains 1384 calories, 50mg of calcium and 65438+ phosphorus. In addition, it also contains sugars and multivitamins. Its crystal-clear eggs, like pearls, are rich in phosphate, calcium and vitamins A and D, and are recognized as a feast. Pickling it into "salmon seed" is a "red fish seed" which is very famous in the international market and very popular in Europe and America. Hezhe people living in Heilongjiang Province also make leather clothes, boots, cigarette cases and wallets from salmon skin. Salmon meat, liver, testicles and fish head all have medicinal value. Its meat has the effects of tonifying fatigue, strengthening spleen and stomach, warming stomach and regulating middle energizer, and can be used for treating edema, emaciation, dyspepsia, abdominal distension, vomiting, acid water, convulsion, swelling and pain, and sores. Fish liver can be used to extract cod liver oil. Protamine can be extracted from testis and made into various protamine preparations, which are suitable for treating reactions caused by excessive heparin injection. It also has obvious hemostatic effect on some hemorrhagic diseases (such as acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding and pulmonary hemoptysis). Editor's note: According to legend, marijuana and salmon came to Heilongjiang during the crusade in the Tang Dynasty and were besieged by the enemy in the Millennium. When the Tang Dynasty was at a loss, a minister said, "Why not ask the Jade Emperor to borrow fish from the East Sea Dragon King to save the hunger?" The Jade Emperor ordered the Dragon King of the East China Sea to send a black dragon to lead salmon to guard the river. The troops had fish to eat, and their strength doubled and they won a great victory. Horses don't eat fish From then on, horses began to eat fish, but only salmon. So they call salmon "mackerel". Many years later, it is the season of the Millennium. A tribal leader named Shirdaru was chased by the enemy to the Wusuli River. There is no road ahead, but there are pursuers and food and grass are cut off. At this time, a counselor suggested to Sakyamuni: "Why not borrow fish from the East Sea Dragon King to solve the urgent need, just like when the Tang King made an expedition to the East?" When the black dragon heard about it, he took the salmon back to Wusuli River. When he was saved on December 11th, he led troops to settle in Heilongjiang and Wusuli River. The descendants of these people are today's Hezhe people, so a large number of salmon came to the Heiwu River around the Millennium. Hezhe people called "Malaysian fish" Dawu Yimaha, and later it evolved into salmon. Sea lice infect sea lice, a parasitic crustacean that tortures salmon. However, when their hosts are eaten by other big fish, these parasitic animals will "abandon the ship and go ashore" and "camp" on carnivorous fish. Researchers recently reported in the online edition of Biology Letters that this previously unknown escape strategy is definitely bad news for the whole food chain. Due to the large-scale fishery culture of salmon, the spread of sea lice in British Columbia, Canada has been out of control. Tightly crowded fish cages are the breeding grounds of this parasitic animal, which eats the skin, muscles and blood of the host and spreads frequently among young wild salmon. It is for this reason that the infection rate of wild salmon by sea lice has risen rapidly, and even some salmon populations are on the verge of extinction. A research team led by BrendanConnors, a behavioral ecologist at Simon Fraser University in burnaby, Canada, has now found that sea lice have more powerful communication skills than people think. The researchers let carnivorous fish that were not infected by sea lice-silver salmon and mountain trout-stay with two young salmon, one of which was infected with sea lice and the other was not infected. When carnivorous fish ate one of the salmon, the researchers checked whether the former was infected with sea lice. It turns out that carnivorous fish are safe if they eat uninfected salmon. If you eat infected salmon, the chances of carnivorous fish being infected are 70%-sea lice will run to their new hosts, which can be observed by the naked eye. Connors said, "This is amazing!" He said: "These sea lice will accurately' jump' from salmon to predators' eyes." Compared with female sea lice, more male sea lice will escape from their hosts, which makes FrédéricThomas, a parasitic biologist in Montpellier, particularly puzzled. He said that this situation, that is, males can escape death, and females die in large numbers, and there is only one dead end in evolution. Alan parker, a fishery biologist at the University of Aberdeen in the UK, stressed that these sea lice can only survive on salmon, including salmon and trout. If the escaped sea lice fall on the wrong predator, it can't survive. What Parker wants to know is how sea lice survive in such a harsh environment. Connors believes that the life-saving jump of sea lice shows that fishing grounds will be infected not only by young wild salmon, but also by carnivorous fish that eventually eat them. He said: "We didn't consider the spread of these sea lice in the food chain." [4-5]
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