How to determine several commonly used fertilizers.
Judging the authenticity of urea
The nitrogen content of urea is 46. When we buy urea, we must judge it from the following aspects: appearance of the packaging bag, color of the fertilizer, smell, feel, and weight , solubility, burning reaction, etc.
Look at the packaging. The product name, trademark, standard code, nutrient content, net weight, grade, particle size range, factory name, factory address and other information must be marked on the packaging bag.
Look at the color: Generally, the urea sold on the market is white or light yellowish white. If the color of the surface of the particles is too bright or dark, or is obviously reflective, it means it is mixed with impurities.
Smell: Under normal circumstances, urea has no obvious volatile smell, and it only produces an ammonia smell when exposed to moisture or high temperature. If the volatile smell is strong under normal circumstances, it must contain impurities.
Touch and feel: The particles of real urea are consistent in size, not easy to agglomerate, and have strong fluidity. It feels better to hold a handful in your hand; while fake urea may feel like your hands are burning when you touch it.
Weighing: The difference between the standard weight of urea produced by regular manufacturers and the actual weight is generally within 1, and the difference between 100 kilograms and 100 kilograms will not exceed 1 kilogram. The actual weight of some fake urea is very different from the labeled weight.
Look at the solubility: All ordinary urea that does not indicate sustained (controlled) release, coating, etc. should be instant-soluble and can be dissolved immediately in water. If it cannot be completely dissolved in water, it must be It's fake fertilizer.
Burning reaction: Put a few urea particles on red-hot iron sheets or charcoal. The reaction of real urea should be melting first, followed by bubbling, white smoke, and ammonia smell. If the reaction is wrong, it may be fake urea or adulterated.
How to determine the authenticity of phosphate fertilizers
The main varieties of commercially available phosphate fertilizers include superphosphate, heavy superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, phosphate rock powder, etc., with superphosphate and heavy superphosphate Calcium phosphate is more commonly used. It can be judged by the appearance, solubility and feel of the fertilizer.
Superphosphate contains 12%--20% of effective P2O5, and heavy superphosphate contains about 43% of effective P2O5. Both are gray-white powders or granules with a slight sour taste, but the sour taste cannot be too strong. Otherwise, seeds and seedlings will be burned.
Different phosphate fertilizers have different solubility. Half of the superphosphate components can be dissolved in water, while the other half is not soluble, while heavy superphosphate can be almost completely dissolved.
The moisture content of superphosphate is 8 to 14. It feels cool to the touch but has no trace of water. If water comes out after being squeezed by hand, it means that the water content is too high and the quality is poor. If it feels like dry soil, it means that the acid treatment is not complete and the effective phosphorus content is low.
There is also a phosphorus-containing binary fertilizer, diammonium phosphate, containing N16%--18%, P2O5 46%--48%, with colors ranging from light yellow to dark gray and dark brown, and particle hardness. Large, with obvious grease luster, domestic diammonium generally contains N14%--18%, P2O5 46%--50%, gray hard particles.
How to determine the authenticity of potassium fertilizer
There are three main types of potash fertilizers currently on the market, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Among them, the dosage of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate is relatively large. As a phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is mainly used as top dressing for roots. The authenticity of potash fertilizer can be determined by the following methods:
1. Look at the packaging: The product name, nutrient content, grade, trademark, net weight, factory name, factory address, standard code, and production must be marked on the potash fertilizer packaging bag. License number. If the above logo is missing or incomplete, it may be fake potash fertilizer or inferior quality.
2. Look at the appearance: Domestic potassium chloride is white crystal, which turns light yellow when it contains impurities. Imported potassium chloride is mostly white crystals or red and white crystals. Potassium sulfate is a white crystal, which turns light yellow or off-white when it contains impurities.
3. Check the water solubility: Potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, and potassium dihydrogen sulfate can all be dissolved without impurities when put into water. Potash fertilizers that cannot be dissolved, appear porridge-like or have sediment after dissolving are inferior potassium fertilizers or fake potassium fertilizers.
4. Charcoal test: Put a small amount of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate on red-hot charcoal or cigarette butts. It should not burn or melt, and there should be a "cracking" sound. If there is no such phenomenon, it is a fake and shoddy product.
5. Lime water test to determine potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Some manufacturers use ammonium phosphate and add a small amount of potassium fertilizer, or even no potassium fertilizer, and then mix it to fake potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Good quality potassium dihydrogen phosphate is white crystal. After adding lime water (or plant ash water), you will not smell ammonia. If it looks like white or off-white powder, you will smell ammonia after adding lime water (or plant ash water). smell, it is fake potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
6. Determination of nutrient content: Potassium chloride contains the effective nutrient K2O ≥ 60%, potassium sulfate contains the effective nutrient K2O ≥ 50%. Currently, some potassium fertilizers on the market indicate that the K2O content is about 20%, which is counterfeit. There are many varieties, so be careful when purchasing. If the K2O content exceeds 62, it can definitely be fake fertilizer.
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