Today, military experts can already speculate on how that powerful army will fight according to the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses. What can a motionless clay warrior tell us?

In front of the main force of the Terracotta Warriors, there are three rows of soldiers. It is conceivable that they were the first to fight Zhao in the Qin army array in Changpinggu. Archaeological findings show that the weapons they used to equip were crossbows for long-range shooting. These crossbowmen are divided into three rows, facing thousands of surging enemies.

The shooting of crossbows is regular, because there are only three rounds from the enemy, and the enemy rushes forward. When the arrow was loaded, it was fired. If you pretend again, the enemy will rush forward. After the arrow was shot three times, the enemy rushed to the front. This is the relationship between time and space, so we must take turns shooting in ancient times.

This is the first time people have witnessed the battle formation between Qin Jun and the crossbowman. Experts believe that it makes sense for them to stand in three rows. It can be speculated that when the first row shoots arrows, the second two rows pull strings and take arrows, so the crossbowman in the third row can shoot arrows in turn. On the battlefield, intensive lethality is the most deadly. The soldiers in the front row are shooting, and the soldiers in the back row are squatting to prepare, falling down together and cooperating with each other. This is obviously a moment for the Qin crossbowman to fight. Nearly 2000 years after Qin Jun, Europeans organized musketeers in a similar way, and Qin Jun may have initiated this classic continuous shooting method.

Archaeological work has never stopped since 1974 discovered the Terracotta Warriors. Archaeologists found a 6.3-meter-long mark on the handle of a spear, and with the spearhead, the complete spear was close to 7 meters. It is very difficult to kill the length of the weapon. How did Qin Jun fight?

If used in individual combat, a 7-meter-long spear can't fight freely at all. But in ancient Greece, Alexander's army was famous for its 7-meter-2 spears, and the phalanx made them invincible. Experts speculate that there should be a similar phalanx of spears in the Qin infantry, and the power of spears lies in the collective strength.

No matter what happens, these soldiers will go forward with spears, the front row will fall, and the back row will make up immediately, keeping the square unchanged. It is conceivable that in order to turn thousands of people into a phalanx of iron walls, soldiers must undergo strict training. In terms of weapons and combat methods, lancers are the most lethal infantry units. The spear head is like a forest, the phalanx is like a mountain, and the huge impact is unstoppable.

Archaeologists also found two other long-handled assassination weapons in the pit of terracotta warriors and horses.

Halberd is about 2.80 meters long. In fact, there is a spear in front of Ge, which can be directly hooked or stabbed. Unlike spearmen, soldiers with halberds can fight alone. For them, it is most important to master the skills of free fighting and give full play to their personal talents.

The third long-handled weapon discovered by archaeologists is called beryllium. Much like a dagger inserted on a long pole, the length is between a halberd and a spear, about 3.5 meters. Beryllium soldiers are likely to attack their opponents in some formation.

Judging from the different killing distances, the length of spear, beryllium and halberd has both professional division of labor and mutual protection.

However, it is difficult to understand how these weapons are used together today. The Terracotta Warriors pit was stolen and destroyed. Most of the weapons in the hands of soldiers were lost, and some were scattered in the loess. It is difficult to judge the original position.

Qin's arsenal was the largest weapons manufacturing industry in the world at that time. The workers dug up copper mines from the ground.

In the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit, military experts still found examples of coordinated operations. Among the Qingqi crossbowmen, this soldier in armor is very special, and his hand is a spear and other assassination weapons. The purpose of compiling such lancers in shooting units is to protect lancers from being hurt by enemies rushing to the front. Judging from these details, Qin infantry is likely to be quite mature in specialization and coordinated operations.

According to the layout of Terracotta Warriors and Horses, in the Changping battlefield more than 2,000 years ago, Zhao Jun first faced the archer of Qin State, followed by the impact of Qin infantry. They are the real main force of Qin Jun.

Sima Qian recorded in Historical Records that Zhao suffered heavy losses when the two armies met for the first time. Lian Po, the commander-in-chief of Zhao, knew it well and immediately changed his strategy and retreated across the board. With favorable terrain, he built barriers to stick to it. Qin Jun cannot attack for a long time, and it is far away from this country. Instead, the war began to go against Qin Jun.

According to historical records, the Qin people deceived the Prince of Zhao by double agents, and replaced the old coach Lian Po with a young Zhao Kuo. After Zhao Kuo arrived at the front, he immediately changed his deployment and took the initiative to attack Qin Jun, and the king of Qin secretly changed into Tian Lei, the most outstanding military genius in the Warring States period, as the commander in chief of Qin Jun.

When Zhao attacked on a large scale, he thought it was time to defeat his opponent. After careful consideration and discussion, a bold plan was born. The main force began to build a barrier on the favorable terrain southeast of Changping, and the troops fighting Zhao pretended to retreat according to the orders.

Zhao Kuo is a recruit, leading Zhao's main force to leave the base camp and enter Qin Jun's pocket array.

Under the cover of night, two Qin soldiers who were on a mission quietly left the camp. A team of 25,000 men went to cut off Zhao Kuo's back road. Another five thousand cavalry went straight to Zhao's base camp. This is a rather risky decision. Both armies will be wiped out or the deadlock will be completely changed.

Today, the river that divides the whole land in two is still flowing. Qin Jun, who outflanked Zhao, crossed the river.

However, military experts have been puzzled by these two Qin Jun troops. What arms does Indiana Jones belong to? No one knows exactly how 5000 Qin cavalry fought.

More than 2,000 years later, in the pit of Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang, archaeologists discovered Qin Jun's war horse. Experts measured the heights of more than 100 terracotta warriors and horses, and were surprised to find that the heights of all the horses were unified as 133 cm. According to the history books, the first condition for Qin Jun to choose a war horse is that the height of the horse must reach 5 feet 8 inches, which is today's 1.33 cm. It seems that the Qin people's choice of war horses is very strict.

The book also records that Qin Ma is good. How good is it? He said, "Explore before and explore after." Pulling the front hoof forward means exploring the front, and pushing the back hoof means stumbling backwards. "After the front hoof is explored, there are countless two searches between the hooves", that is, between the front hoof and the back hoof, there are countless horses.

For many years, it is generally believed that Zhao was the first country to establish China cavalry. However, this hasty conclusion ignores a period of history of Qin people.

Three thousand years ago, the ancestors of the Qin people lived in today's Longdong Plateau, where the grassland is fertile and most suitable for raising horses. Qin people started out by raising horses.

Early Qin people lived together with nomadic tribes. In order to fight the fierce herdsman knights, the Qin people formed their own cavalry. This is probably the earliest cavalry unit in China. But where are the knights of Qin?

Under this big pit still covered by loess, stands a complete cavalry unit of Qin State.

This is the knight of the state of Qin: slender, simple in clothing, with a unique fur hat tightly tied to his chin. Experts found that compared with Zhao Chu's cavalry, Qin Jun's saddle is much more advanced, with slightly tilted ends, and it already has the prototype of modern saddle. However, one of the most critical findings is that Qin Jun cavalry still has no stirrups.

On a war horse without stirrups, a knight is helpless and should try his best to keep his balance. Stirrups can make knights free their hands and use them to attack the enemy. But how did Qin cavalry fight without stirrups?

According to archaeological excavations, experts did not find spears and combat knives suitable for riding in cavalry columns, but found long-range weapons such as arrows and crossbows. It is somewhat unexpected that Qin Jun cavalry should use crossbows to fight on horseback. What is presented to people is the image of cavalry in the development stage.

It can be believed that on the battlefield of Changping, the 5,000 cavalry who rushed to Zhao's base camp could not attack the enemy invulnerably like the later cavalry. Their task is likely to be to monitor the movement of Zhao's base camp and crack down on Zhao's logistics forces carrying grain and grass.

However, the Qin people knew the importance of coordination in the battle. Under the thick loess, this Qin cavalry unit is in good order. They form a column in groups of four, three and eight *** 108. Archaeology confirmed that the Qin cavalry had a very strict organization and was the earliest cavalry formation in China.

During the Warring States period, cavalry troops became an indispensable attack force in the Qin army because of their unprecedented speed and maneuverability. In the battle of Changping, 5000 Qin cavalry finally cut off Zhao's grain transportation route, which played a key role in completely surrounding his opponent.

Gaoping County, Shanxi Province, this village is called Sanjun Village. More than two thousand years ago, Zhaojun's high command was located here. After Zhao Jun was besieged, he immediately built fortifications and waited for rescue. At this time, Sima Qian wrote that Tian Lei, commander-in-chief of Qin Jun, did not immediately launch a general assault. He is prepared to weaken his opponent's fighting will in a more cruel way and lay siege to him without fighting. He only sent light soldiers to attack repeatedly and tortured the besieged Zhao army.

The siege lasted for 46 days. On that miserable day and night, the light soldiers were repeatedly defeated in the hungry and tired Zhao soldiers. What troops are they?

There is such a group among many clay figurine warriors. They are armed with spears and have no protective armor. They are usually very light. In the battlefield of the cold weapon era, soldiers in this costume have either practiced superb martial arts or possessed extraordinary courage. Some military experts believe that these soldiers are probably what Sima Qian called "light soldiers." However, other experts have different views.

In the second pit, next to the cavalry, archaeologists found a large number of chariot remains, but when all the detection results came out, the experts were quite surprised.

In the Qin dynasty, the coordination of vehicles and steps was the most typical combat mode. Behind the huge chariots, there are always infantry to follow, and when attacking, the cars always move forward together. The battle mode of car galloping to death has been popular for more than 1000 years.

However, the test results here are completely different. Under the thick loess, an army composed of 64 chariots is buried.

These chariots have narrow bodies and are still drawn by four horses. It can be inferred that they can keep up with the speed of the cavalry because there is no infantry to follow. Soldiers in chariots are equipped with swords, spears and other assassination weapons, which just makes up for the lack of cavalry's inability to attack at close range.

Some experts believe that the light soldiers who attacked the trapped Zhao army should be such independent chariots, and the more than 25,000 soldiers who split the Zhao army in two are likely to have such independent chariots.

The news that Zhao's main force was besieged in Changping reached Xianyang, and the uneasy Qin Zhaowang was overjoyed. He immediately went to the front, recruited all men above 15 and formed an army. This temporary structure has been inserted behind Zhao's base camp from the two wings of the battlefield, completely cutting off all the posterior roads of Zhao.

Commander-in-Chief Zhao Zhao Kuo finally realized that the situation was extremely dangerous. He divided his troops into four teams and tried his best to break through. Sima Qian did not mention which direction Zhao Kuo would break through. It is logical to speculate that it should be in the direction of Zhao's base camp. If so, Zhao had to pass a barrier, that is, the 25,000 Indiana Jones, and closed the iron gate where Zhao Kuo met the defenders of the base camp.

As you can imagine, in the whole encirclement, the worst fighting happened here. If the army as the "Queen Zhao" fails to resist Zhao's desperate breakthrough, the result of this war may be rewritten. At this time, nothing is more effective than a well-organized army array except the bravery of soldiers.

In this solidified underground army, more than 6000 terracotta warriors and horses formed a living Qin army array. At the front of the array are three rows of crossbowmen, who are the forwards of the whole array. There are three rows of crossbowmen behind the array, still buried underground. They are the guardians of the whole array.

At the end of the array, there are three horizontal lines, one of which faces back. Why do you want this arrangement? It prevents the enemy from attacking from behind.

On the right wing of the army, there are two rows of soldiers, one facing forward and the other standing against the wall. There is also a row of soldiers on the left looking out and eyeing up. This arrangement is to prevent the left and right sides of the army from being suddenly attacked by the enemy. These soldiers on the side wall are the guards of the two wings of the whole legion.

There are forwards, defenders and wingers. Surrounded on all sides, in the middle is the main body of a huge army array.

This is the main force composed of 38 columns, with infantry and chariots staggered, magnificent and magnificent.

This is a gathering place. He didn't open it. As Sun Tzu's Art of War said, it is rock solid. Once unfolded, it's like a blade, like a knife.

This is an extremely classic example of military deployment in the history of ancient wars. It can attack and be invincible. Retreat and defend, as solid as gold. In the face of such an army, Zhao Can is doomed.

This village is called Baiqibao, which is said to be the residence of Qin Jun's commander Baiqi. As the supreme commander, how does Leitian command his huge army? Qin Jun invested more than 500,000 troops in Changping. Even in a local battle, there are probably thousands of soldiers.

According to ancient art books, the army commanded the battle by beating drums and ringing gold. Archaeologists found command tools in the command car of the Terracotta Warriors. It's a pity that the drum made of leather has long rotted away, but the bronze priest stayed. More than two thousand years ago, Qin Jun soldiers listened to its voice and withdrew from the battlefield. Jin Ming is retreating, while drumming is advancing. Officers at all levels change the rhythm of drums according to the instructions of flags, and soldiers act according to the rhythm, so that under the will of commanders, thousands of soldiers advance and retreat as a whole and cooperate with each other.

In Changping battlefield, the war has entered the most tragic stage. Zhao's 400,000 troops were surrounded, and all four breakthroughs failed. They haven't eaten for nearly 40 days. The screams and cries of the wounded filled the fields, and the living killed and ate the wounded. Any sign of trouble in Qin Jun will cause panic. Despair spreads like a plague. This is exactly what Tian Lei expected.

In Gaoping valley, there is a besieged village. When Zhao's soldiers were probably besieged by Qin Jun, Zhao Kuo, desperate, chose a good soldier, ready to be the last one.

It is conceivable that Zhao Jun, who struggled to break through in those days, just hit the invincible army in the Qin army. This is the real war machine.

All the crossbows burst into flames, and Zhao Yi fell. Commander-in-Chief Zhao Chuan Guo was killed in the last breakthrough. When the rest of the soldiers were in shock, the phalanx of bronze spears had been crushed like a city. Desperate Zhao was finally wiped out by Qin Jun.

More than two thousand years have passed, and the fierce battle of that year has already turned into a simple description written by Sima Qian.

Zhao surrendered after 400,000 tortures and was buried alive by all.

Archaeologists found piles of bones on the ruins of ancient battlefields. Soldiers' weapons and coins were left beside the bones. This is the most tragic page in the history of ancient wars.

This unprecedented war shocked the six countries in Shandong. From then on, Zhao was devastated, and other governors had no power to prevent Qin from reunifying China.

The year after the battle of Changping, a baby was born. He is the future Qin Shihuang.

introduce

In China's thousands of years of civilization, why did many of the greatest military projects appear in the Qin Shihuang era? And concentrated in just over ten years before and after Qin unified China? Perhaps, only by following the footsteps of Qin Shihuang's invincible army can we find the answer.

Second, Guanshan Du Fei

In 2 19 BC, in the far south, A Qin troops were stationed in Guilin, Guangxi today.

In the camp of the headquarters, Tu Youyou, commander-in-chief of Qin Jun, wrote to Qin Shihuang, who was far away in Xianyang: Your Majesty, the war is progressing smoothly, and the land of Lingnan will be merged into one in a few days, and the world will be unified soon. ...

Two years ago, the six Central Plains countries perished one after another, and the Yellow River and the Yangtze River area have been incorporated into the territory of Qin. However, there is still a large area of land floating in the south of the Pearl River Basin. Under the command of Qin Shihuang, 500,000 Qin Jun set off to the south, and the army quickly advanced to Guilin without resistance.

However, the progress of the war began to exceed Tu Youyou's expectations. Stubborn aborigines are elusive. They hid during the day and came out to attack Qin Jun at night. Coupled with the miasma in the jungle and poisonous insects everywhere, Qin Jun soldiers on expedition were exhausted and often killed by opponents who suddenly attacked them in a coma. The war continued.

The most terrible thing finally happened. Food in the army is running out. Hunger not only eroded Qin Jun's fighting will, but also destroyed the empire's ambition to conquer the south.

From the granary in the north to the front line in the south, Qin Jun's logistics support mainly depends on land transportation. However, the dense jungle, high mountains and flowing water, and underdeveloped south make Qin Jun's logistics support a nightmare.

In a sneak attack by Vietnamese, commander-in-chief Tusui was also killed, and the whole Qin Jun was in a panic.

According to historical records, Qin Shihuang was in a hurry and personally went south until the Xiangjiang River. Qin Shihuang understood that to end the war in the south, the problem of military grain transportation must be solved.

In Xing 'an, Guangxi today, there is a river that looks very ordinary. Since 2000, people living here have been boating on the river and using it for irrigation. But how many people know that this artificial canal, named Lingqu, is the only passage for the Northern Fleet to enter Lingnan from the Yangtze River.

Before the protracted jungle war, there was no river between the Yangtze River and the Pearl River, and 500,000 Qin Jun's grain and grass could only be transported by land, and there was no guarantee for military food. When Qin Shihuang was in a hurry, a man named Shi Lu made a bold suggestion.

Build a canal between Xiangjiang River and Lijiang River to open up the two major water systems. The fleet starts from the granary in Bashu area, enters the Xiangjiang River, a tributary of the Yangtze River, and then reaches the Lijiang River, a tributary of the Pearl River through this canal. Logistics materials can be sent to the war front by water.

This is an amazing idea. At that time, the Yangtze River and the Yellow River were already interconnected, which means that you can get on the boat from Xianyang, the capital of the empire, and you can go straight to Guangzhou. However, Qin people are facing huge engineering problems.

The distance between Xiangjiang River and Lijiang River is only 4.8 kilometers, but the height of the two rivers is several hundred meters. As soon as the canal is opened, the water will rush down and it will be impossible to sail.

Today, no one knows how the original idea of Lingqu was formed, and no one knows how the Qin people completed the project in about two years. However, this is indeed a miracle. More than 2000 years ago, this 33-kilometer-long canal opened the largest inland transportation network in human history.

After the Lingqu was completed, the water transportation was unimpeded. In the second year, Qin Jun suppressed the resistance of the aborigines, and the imperial territory extended to the edge of the South China Sea.

After pacifying the south, Xiongnu became Qin Jun's last rival. The nomadic people on the northern grassland have always been a great threat to the civilization of the Central Plains. When the Qin army marched south, the Huns crossed the Yellow River at the foot of Yinshan Mountain, which directly threatened Xianyang, the capital of Qin.

In 2 15 BC, general Meng Tian sent troops to the north to solve the Xiongnu problem according to the will of Qin Shihuang. However, 300,000 Qin Jun did not immediately go to war with tarquin, but stopped at the edge of the Great Wall, which was in disrepair.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, in order to resist the invasion of Xiongnu, Qin, Zhao and Yan Dou in the north successively built the Great Wall on the border. In today's Lintao County, Gansu Province, this ancient Great Wall was built by King Qin Zhao 100 years before Qin Shihuang. From Qin Changcheng to the northeast, through a large undefended loess gully, it is the Great Wall that the extinct state of Zhao once operated for hundreds of years. The Great Wall has been broken off and on, and it has long been ruined. After arriving in the northern frontier, the task of 300,000 Qin Jun was to repair and transform the dilapidated Great Wall.

Qin Jun has been dealing with the Huns for hundreds of years, and the Meng Tian family is also the warrior of Qin for several generations. He should be well aware of the difficulty of beating Xiongnu.

Xiongnu is a nomadic tribe. They have no fixed place and come and go like the wind. I don't know when it will suddenly assemble into a fierce army, and in a flash, it will become a shepherd scattered on the horizon. Huns are masters of guerrilla warfare. If Qin Jun rushes out, tarquin will avoid sharp edges, plunder everywhere, and even storm the rear of Qin Jun, while Qin Jun's expedition will not last long.

In this case, Meng Tian chose the Great Wall strategy. The Great Wall built by Qin Jun is more than just a wall. The Great Wall is not only used for defense, but the Great Wall rebuilt in Meng Tian is an offensive system.

The primary function of the Great Wall is early warning. These tallest beacon towers are observation towers. In order to give an early warning, some beacon towers even stand outside the Great Wall.

Along the Great Wall, Qin Jun has built many small towns surrounded by strong walls. These towns are the residences of soldiers and civilians guarding the border, and they are also the battle support points on the fortifications of the Great Wall.

At a certain distance from the Great Wall, Qin Jun has built a garrison, which can not only accommodate a large number of troops, but also store a large number of logistics materials. When attacking Xiongnu, it became the forward base of large troops and the strategic depth of the Great Wall defense line. With this system, the troops will avoid helpless field battles.

After more than a year, Meng Tian's army has basically completed the maintenance and transformation of the Great Wall, and it is time to go to war with tarquin.

Relying on the Great Wall, Qin Jun, with advanced equipment, defeated the Xiongnu fighters in just one year, and the Xiongnu retreated to the depths of the desert.

Qin Shihuang deeply understood the strategic value of the Great Wall and began to build it on a large scale. The Qin Empire recruited 1 10,000 people from the mainland, and launched an unprecedented national defense project in the 5000-kilometer northern frontier. Most of the buildings are in remote places. According to historical records, the bones of civilian workers filled the ravine.

From Lintao in the west to Liaodong in the east, a Great Wall of Wan Li runs across the northern part of the empire, and the Qin people created the largest military project in human history.

In the war against Xiongnu, despite the support of the Great Wall, the Qin people paid a heavy price in logistics support. Experts speculate that the war to pacify the south exhausted the granary of Bashu, and the grain guaranteed by the Guanzhong Plain in the capital could not be used. Therefore, the grain and grass supplied to the northern army mainly came from Shandong Peninsula. From there to the northern grassland, the linear distance is more than 1000 kilometers, and the grain transport team has to cross Taihang Mountain twice and the Yellow River at least three times.

According to historical records, from the starting point to the end point, for every 192 stone of grain consumed on average, only one stone can be left for the army.

Thousands of migrant workers died on the road in order to transport food and grass to the front. However, the Huns in the depths of the grassland have not disappeared, and they may go south again at any time. Qin Shihuang was probably deeply impressed by the Xiongnu war and the difficulty of logistics and transportation. As the decision-maker of the empire, he must completely solve this problem.

In 100 after the demise of the Qin Dynasty, the historian Sima Qian traveled to northern China. The great scholar was deeply shocked by a road paved on a high mountain. In the Historical Records, he described it this way: the avenue leads to the valley, and the mountain leads to the valley. What Sima Qian saw was a straight road to cut mountains and fill valleys.

This is the complete solution of Qin Shihuang: the way of Qin: the military expressway more than two thousand years ago.

In today's mountainous areas of northern Shaanxi, the remains of the straight road are still clearly visible.

Where the straight road passes, the terrain is sinister and there are still few people. However, it splits mountains and fills valleys, even crossing the Ziwuling at an altitude of 1800 meters. After more than 2000 years, the hidden ancient road, hidden under the sad yellow grass, still makes people feel the will of the Qin people.

Road construction is actually rammed on the mountain, rammed with loess, which is very strong. It is hard for modern people to imagine.

Because the rammer is very strong, the trees on the straight road can't survive so far. Only these tenacious weeds can grow on the surface, and cars can still drive in some areas.

In order to prove the description of the straight road in the history books, historians investigated the road ruins.

Starting from Xianyang, the capital of the empire, the straight road extends northward and reaches Jiuyuan in the depths of the desert, with a total length of more than 700 kilometers. It is as amazing as the Great Wall.

In the west of Baotou City, Inner Mongolia, this ancient city site is the northernmost part of the straight road, Qin Jiuyuan City. At that time, Jiuyuan was the military center of northern Xinjiang. From here, military supplies were distributed to soldiers and civilians who built and guarded the Great Wall in the northern part of the empire.

More than 700 kilometers of straight roads provided the most powerful guarantee for the Qin Empire to send troops quickly and transport grain and grass in time. Once something happens in the northern frontier, experts estimate that cavalry troops can reach Jiuyuan from Xianyang in three days and three nights, and the central government can basically complete a series of preparations from army mobilization to logistics supply within one week. The straight road is a veritable military expressway. More than 2000 years ago, this was a military project that only Qin people could build.

1986, archaeologists discovered some ancient tombs in a primeval forest near Tianshui City, Gansu Province. Seven wooden boards covered with mud were unearthed in the tomb, which is the most woodcut map found in China at present. Experts believe that this is the administrative division map of a county in Qin State. If Qin people have certain geodetic surveying and mapping technology, these maps should at least reach the six-level standard of quantitative mapping.

Archaeological findings show that these maps belong to the person in charge of a military horse farm. Maps were often state secrets in ancient China, and it was impossible for a military horse farm manager to have maps related to imperial military projects. From these maps, we can't infer how the Qin people carried out engineering surveying and mapping. However, we can believe that Qin people must have a group of engineering talents beyond the times.

Over 2000 years have passed, and the straight road has been abandoned for a long time. There were occasional children running on the road that year. As a matter of fact, Zhidao is only a link in the transportation network extending in all directions of the Qin Empire.

More than 2,000 years ago, logs or stone strips were inserted in these holes, and boards were laid in the air. This is the famous Qin plank road. The plank road built on the precipice once crossed the Qinling Mountains for hundreds of kilometers.

Qin people have a tradition of building roads, but Qin Shihuang is a master. Before and after the unification of the Qin Empire, the Qin people established the most developed transportation network in the world with Xianyang as the center. The territory controlled by this new great empire is beyond the dreams of its predecessors. These roads extending in all directions provided strong support for Qin Jun, which fought in the south and fought in the north.

There is no doubt that the Qin people are geniuses in building roads. Roads and vehicles are interdependent. At that time, Mercedes-Benz was on these roads, except for the troops going to the front, which was the vehicle to transport logistics materials. How is the vehicle manufacturing technology of Qin people? Unfortunately, the wooden chariots in the pit of Qin Shihuang's terracotta warriors and horses have rotted, so we can't tell us more technical details.

On the edge of the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, a pit seven or eight meters deep was found. There were eight broken copper horses and a large number of vehicle parts in the pit, and the two drivers were lifelike. These are two bronze cars that were once very complete. Through the efforts of archaeologists, the broken bronze chariots and horses finally recovered their original appearance.

These two bronze cars are based on the royal vehicles of Qin Shihuang, and they are identical in structure and shape except that they are half smaller than the real cars. The bronze wheels are very elegant, with 30 dense spokes, which disperse the pressure of the body weight on the rim and make the wheels light and strong.

Viewed from the side, the spokes are obviously widened near the hub to strengthen the lateral force of the wheel, much like today's bicycle wheels.

The processing complexity of the hub is impressive. Only two ends of the hub are in contact with the axle, but there is a bulging cavity in the middle.

The way Qin drives a car is amazing. In the west, until the 8th century AD, the belt was tied around the horse's throat. Horses running at high speed often suffocate to death. The driving style of Qin car is completely different.

Experiments show that with the western collocation method, two horses can only pull the weight of 0.5 tons; With the riding mode of China, two horses can pull 1.5 tons.

Judging from these two bronze vehicles, the design and manufacturing technology of Qin vehicles has been quite developed. The perfection of vehicle manufacturing technology cannot be achieved overnight. Why are Qin people far ahead in this field?

Up to now, the world's earliest two-axle car model has been unearthed from the tombs of Qin people. Compared with the single-axle car in the early stage of human civilization, the double-axle car only needs one animal to drive the axle, which greatly simplifies driving and is easier to control. Two-axle automobile is a revolution in the history of automobile manufacturing. Because the owner of this two-axle car is an ordinary Qin, experts infer that the two-axle car is probably popular in Qin.

Qin people are a nation obsessed with transportation. Both nobles and civilians like to drive when they are alive, and they should take the vehicles with them when they are dead. This may explain why Qin Jun's logistics and transportation are outstanding.

In world history, only a few times and a few people have the opportunity to stand at the turning point of history and create history. A series of important military projects, the road network covering the whole country and the excellent vehicles made by the Qin people created a powerful Qin Jun, while the Qin army made history. I hope it helps you.