Basic conceptual terminology 1. Article Article The material data involved in the flow of entities in economic activities. 2. Logistics Logistics is the physical flow process of items from the supply place to the receiving place. According to actual needs, basic functions such as transportation, storage, loading and unloading, handling, packaging, circulation processing, distribution, and information processing are organically combined. 3. Logistics activity Logistics activity is the implementation and management process of logistics functions. 4. Logistics modulus Logistics modulus is the dimensional benchmark for logistics facilities and equipment. 5. Logistics technology Logistics technology is a general term for the theories and methods of natural science and social science used in logistics activities, as well as facilities, equipment, devices and processes. 6. Logistics cost Logistics cost is the monetary expression of materialized labor and living labor consumed in logistics activities. 7. Logistics management Logistics management is the planning, organization, coordination and control of logistics activities in order to achieve the service level that users are satisfied with at the lowest logistics cost. 8. Logistics center Logistics center is a place or organization engaged in logistics activities. It should basically meet the following requirements: (1) Mainly oriented to social services; (2) Sound logistics functions; (3) Complete information network; (4) Large radiation range; (5) Few varieties and large quantities; (6) Storage, Strong throughput capacity; (7) Unified operation and management of logistics business. 9. Logistics network Logistics network is a collection of interconnected organizations and facilities in the logistics process. 10. Logistics information Logistics information is a general term for the knowledge, materials, images, data, and documents that reflect the content of various logistics activities. 11. Logistics enterprise Logistics enterprise is an economic organization engaged in logistics activities. 12. Logistics documents Logistics documents are the general term for all documents, bills, and vouchers used in the logistics process. 13. Logistics alliance Logistics alliance is a long-term alliance and cooperation between two or more economic organizations to achieve specific logistics goals. 14. Logistics operation Logistics operation refers to the specific operational activities performed when realizing logistics functions. 15. Supply logistics Supply logistics refers to the physical flow of items between providers and demanders when providing raw materials, parts or other items to production companies. 16. Production logistics Production logistics refers to the physical flow of raw materials, work-in-progress, semi-finished products, finished products, etc. within the enterprise during the production process. 17. Sales logistics Distribution logistics refers to the physical flow of items between the supplier and the demander when production companies and circulation companies sell goods. 18. Returned logistics Returned logistics refers to the physical flow of goods caused by the return of unqualified items, the return of packaging containers used for turnover, and the return of packaging containers from the demand side to the supplier. 19. Waste material logistics is an object entity formed when items that have lost their original use value in economic activities are collected, classified, processed, packaged, transported, stored, etc. according to actual needs, and distributed to specialized processing sites. flow. 20. Green Logistics Environmental logistics not only suppresses the harm caused by logistics to the environment during the logistics process, but also achieves the purification of the logistics environment so that logistics resources can be fully utilized. 21. Enterprise logistics Internal logistics The physical flow of items within an enterprise. 22. Social logistics External logistics is the general term for logistics activities outside the enterprise.

23. Military logistics Military logistics is a logistics activity used to meet the needs of the military in peacetime and wartime. 24. International logistics International logistics Logistics between different countries (regions). 25. Third-party logistics Third-party logistics (TRL) is a business model in which logistics companies other than suppliers and demanders provide logistics services. 26. Customized logistics Customized logistics is a logistics service model specially designed for users according to their specific requirements. 27. Virtual logistics Virtual logistics uses computer network technology to carry out logistics operation and management, and realizes the maximum sharing and optimal allocation of logistics resources between enterprises. 28. Supply chain Supply chain is a network chain structure formed by upstream and downstream enterprises involved in providing products or services to end users in the production and circulation process. 29. Value-added logistics service Value-added logistics service provides various extended business activities based on customer needs on the basis of completing the basic functions of logistics. 30. Bar code Bar code is a code composed of a set of regularly arranged bars, spaces and characters to represent certain information. Synonyms: bar code symbol 31. Electronic data interchange (EDI) uses electronic means, uses standardized formats, and uses computer networks to transmit and exchange structured data. 32. Tangible loss Tangible loss Visible or measurable physical loss and consumption. 33. Intangible loss Intangible loss The depreciation of items caused by scientific and technological progress. Logistics operation terminology 1. Transportation Transportation is a logistics activity that uses equipment and tools to transport items from one place to another. This includes a series of operations such as collection, distribution, handling, transfer, loading, unloading, and dispersion. 2. Combined transport is a transportation method in which two or more transportation companies or two or more transportation methods are used to transport a certain batch of items to the destination at the same time. 3. Through transport is a mode of transportation in which items are transported from the shipping place to the receiving place without being repackaged or stopped at the storage location. 4. Transfer transport is a mode of transportation in which items are transported from the place of production to the place of final use, landing and changing materials more than once during the process. 5. Drop and pull transport: A tractor is used to tow a trailer to the destination, and then the trailer is dropped and replaced with a new trailer to transport to another destination. 6. Containerized transport Containerized transport uses containerized equipment or strapping methods to combine naked items, bulk items, and smaller items into container units of certain specifications for transportation. 7. Container transport Container transport is a freight method that uses containers as units to transport goods. 8. Storage Storing protects, manages, and stores items. 9. Storage Storage is the activity of preserving items and managing and controlling their quantity and quality. 10. Article reserves Article reserves are stored for urgently needed items. There are current storage, long-term storage, and strategic reserves. 11. Inventory Items in storage. Broadly defined inventory also includes items in manufacturing, processing and transportation states. 12. Frequent storage Cycle stock Under normal operating conditions, the inventory established by the company to meet daily needs.

13. Safety stock Safety stock is a buffer stock prepared to prevent uncertain factors (such as a large number of sudden orders, sudden delay in delivery, etc.). 14. Inventory cycle time Inventory cycle time Within a certain range, the average time from the arrival of inventory items to the departure of inventory. 15. Lead time (or lead time) Lead time is the time interval from the issuance of the order order to the delivery of the goods. 16. Order processing cycle Order cycle time The time interval from receipt of the order order to shipment of the ordered goods. 17. Goods stack: A batch of items stacked together according to certain requirements in order to facilitate storage, loading, unloading, and transportation. 18. Stacking Stacking is the operation of placing items neatly and regularly into stacks.

19. Handling/carrying is a logistics operation that mainly moves items horizontally in the same place. 20. Loading and unloading: Items are loaded into or unloaded into transportation equipment manually or mechanically at a designated location. 21. Unit loading and unloading is a loading and unloading method that uses pallets, containers or packages to integrate small or bulk items into assemblies of a certain mass or volume so that machinery can be used for operations. 22. Packaging Package/packaging is the overall name of containers, materials and auxiliary materials used according to certain technical aspects to protect products during the circulation process, facilitate storage and transportation, and promote sales. It also refers to the operational activities of applying certain technical methods in the process of using containers, materials and auxiliaries to achieve the above purposes. 23. Sales package Sales package, also known as inner packaging, is the package that directly contacts the goods when they enter retail outlets and meets consumers or users directly. 24. Packing of nominated brand The buyer requires the seller to use the buyer’s designated brand name or trademark on the export goods/packaging. 25. Neutral packing: Neutral packing does not indicate the country of production on the exported goods and their internal and external packaging. 26. Transport package Transport package is a package whose main purpose is to meet transportation and storage requirements. It has the functions of ensuring product safety, facilitating storage, transportation, loading and unloading, and accelerating handover and inspection. 27. Palletizing Palletizing uses pallets as carriers, stacking packages or products on the pallets, and fixing them by bundling, wrapping or gluing to form a handling unit for transportation by mechanical equipment.

28. Containerization uses container containers or bundling methods to organize items into unit shipments of standard specifications to speed up logistics activities such as loading and unloading, handling, storage, and transportation. 29. In bulk: Bulk items that are transported, loaded and unloaded using specialized machinery and equipment within a certain logistics range without any packaging. The long-term fixed use of suction, grabs and other machinery and equipment for loading, unloading, transportation, and storage .

30. Direct cross docking is a logistics connection method in which items are directly transferred from one means of transport to another in the logistics process without passing through intermediate warehouses or sites. 31. Distribution Distribution is a logistics activity that selects, processes, packs, divides, and assembles items according to user requirements within an economically reasonable area, and delivers them to designated locations on time.

32.***Joint distribution is a distribution activity jointly organized and implemented by multiple enterprises.

33. Distribution center A logistics place or organization engaged in distribution business should basically meet the following requirements:

a) Mainly serve specific users;

b) The distribution function is sound;

c) Complete information network;

d) Small radiation range;

e) Multiple varieties, small batches;

f ) focuses on distribution, supplemented by storage. 34. Sorting Sorting is the operation of classifying items according to their types and order of entry and exit. 35. Picking Order picking is the operation of selecting items from the storage location and placing them at the designated location according to the requirements of the order or outbound order. 36. Goods collection Goods collection collects scattered or small batches of items for transportation and distribution. 37. Assembly Before distribution, organize and arrange the loading of items based on the flow and direction of the items and the load capacity and volume of the transportation vehicle. 38. Distribution processing Distribution processing is a general term for simple operations such as packaging, segmentation, measurement, sorting, marking, labeling, and assembly as needed when items are transported from the place of production to the place of use.

39. Cold chain Cold chain is a logistics network equipped with specialized equipment that maintains the quality of fresh food and frozen food by keeping them at low temperatures from production to consumption.

40. Inspection Inspection is a general term for inspecting and accepting the quality, quantity, packaging, etc. of the subject items according to the contract or standards. 41. Door to door Door to door The carrier receives the full container at the shipper's factory or warehouse and is responsible for delivering the full container to the consignee's factory or warehouse.

42. Full container load (FCL) 43. Less than container load (LCL) Logistics mark terms 1. Breakage-proof 2. Shakeproof 3. Leakage-proof 4. Water-proof 5. Sound-proof 6. Mark 7. Indicative mark 8. warning mark 9. upward 10. this side up 11. handle with care 12 .keep upright 13.use no hooks 14.not to be tripped 15.keep in a dry place 16.keep in a cool place 17.keep away from boilers Boiler 18.keep away from heat 19.keep away from cold 20.keep dry 21.explosive 22.fragile 23.inflammable 24.inflammable gas 25 .inflammable solid 26.inflammable liquid 27.dangerous when wet 28.poison 29.poison gas 30.spontaneously combustible 31.organic peroxide 32. oxidizing agent 33.radioactive 34.corrosive 35.temperature limit 36.do not roll 37.use no hooks 38.centre of gravity 39.centre of gtavity of-set Center of gravity deflection 40.liable to tip easy to tip over 41.kecp away fom moisture 42.keep away form cold 43.stacking stacking limit 44.tear off here 45.open here 46 .polythene