types of green environmental protection products
1. international performance category
in order to restrain the pollution situation of countries around the world, a series of international environmental protection agreements have been issued one after another, and China is also one of the performance countries of these agreements. In June 1991, our government signed the International Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, namely the Montreal Protocol. This means that China will replace HCFC products in two steps in 2 and 21, such as fluorine-free refrigerators and sanitary insecticidal aerosols.
2. Renewable and recyclable category
Reproduction with recycled waste products can not only save a lot of resources, but also reduce garbage pollution. At the same time, using waste products as raw materials has lower energy consumption and less pollution emissions than using raw materials, which is particularly prominent in the paper industry. Recycled paper and recycled plastics are such green products.
3. improving regional environmental quality
some products, such as disposable foamed lunch boxes and phosphorus-containing washing powder, will cause regional environmental pollution. degradable plastics, phosphorus-free washing powder and mercury-free batteries are all green products that can effectively alleviate regional environmental quality.
4. Improving the quality of indoor environment
After the consumers in China gradually mature, the quality of indoor environment has been put on the agenda. Indoor air quality and noise level are the two most important indicators of indoor environmental quality, so consumers pay more and more attention to their environmental behavior when buying furniture and household appliances. Low-noise washing machines and low-formaldehyde composite wood floors are all such green products.
5. Protection of human health
At present, these products are attracting the general attention of consumers, such as the radiation of mobile communication products, televisions and personal computers, and the carcinogenicity of dyes in general clothing through skin absorption. This kind of green products are basically avant-garde products in green technology, representing a trend and development trend, and will gradually eliminate traditional products.
6. Improve the utilization of resources and energy
Before the revolutionary leap of world resources and energy technology comes, people are vigorously developing energy-saving products to improve the comprehensive utilization of resources and energy. Energy-saving computers and energy-saving lamps are such green products.
types of environmental pollution
air pollution
1. pollution status
according to the bulletin of China's environmental situation, in 1997, the air quality in China's cities was still at a heavy pollution level, and the northern cities were heavier than the southern cities (see figure 3-1). The annual average concentration of sulfur dioxide ranges from 3 to 248 μ g/m3, and the national average is 66 μ g/m3. More than half of the northern cities and more than one third of the southern cities have an annual average value exceeding the national secondary standard (6 μ g/m3). The annual average of northern cities is 72 μ g/m3; The annual average of southern cities is 6 μ g/m3. The cities in high sulfur coal areas in southwest China, such as Yibin, Guiyang and Chongqing, and cities in Shanxi, Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Henan and Shaanxi, where energy consumption is high, have serious sulfur dioxide pollution.
2. Sources of pollution
Energy use. With the rapid growth of China's economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for energy is rising.
China's sulfur dioxide emissions are increasing rapidly. This is the main reason for the longest and most harmful acid rain pollution in southwest China.
vehicle exhaust. In recent years, the number of motor vehicles in major cities in China has increased greatly, and motor vehicle exhaust has become an important source of urban air pollution.
In addition, lead emitted by automobiles is also an important pollutant in urban air.
water pollution
1. pollution status
according to the bulletin of China's environmental situation and the report of water conservancy department, in 1997, the groundwater in seven major water systems, lakes, reservoirs and some areas in China was polluted to varying degrees. compared with 1996, the proportion of river pollution increased by 6.3 percentage points in dry season and 5.5 percentage points in wet season.
the water quality of seven major water systems in China continues to deteriorate. 67.7% of the monitored river reaches are Class III and the water quality is better than Class III, and there is no river reach exceeding Class V..
The Yellow River faces the dual pressures of pollution and cut-off. 66.7% of the monitored river reaches are Grade IV water quality. The main pollution indicators are ammonia nitrogen, volatile phenol, permanganate index and biochemical oxygen demand.
the main stream of the pearl river is less polluted. 62.5% of the monitored river reaches are Grade III and better than Grade III, 29.2% are Grade IV, and the rest are Grade V and over Grade V. The main pollution indicators are ammonia nitrogen, permanganate index and total mercury.
The water quality of the Huaihe River has improved, especially in the highly polluted reach in previous years. The water quality in the main stream is mainly of Class III and IV, while the pollution in the tributaries is still serious, and the main pollution indicators are ammonia and permanganate index.
The water system of Hailuan River is seriously polluted and the overall water quality is poor. 5% of the monitored river reaches are Grade V and Super Grade V water quality. The main pollution indicators are permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen and biochemical oxygen demand.
The overall water quality of Daliaohe River system is poor and the pollution is serious. The water quality of 5% of the monitored river reaches exceeds Grade V.. The main pollution indicators are ammonia nitrogen, total mercury, volatile phenol, biochemical oxygen demand and permanganate index.
The water quality of Songhua River has improved compared with previous years. 7.6% of the monitored river reaches are Grade IV water quality. The main pollution indicators are permanganate index, volatile phenol and biochemical oxygen demand.
2. Pollution source
Industrial wastewater. Industrial water pollution mainly comes from paper industry, metallurgical industry, chemical industry and mining industry.
municipal domestic sewage. Although the discharge of industrial wastewater has decreased year by year in the past ten years, the total amount of domestic sewage is increasing.
solid waste pollution
1. pollution status
in 1997, the output of industrial solid waste in China was 1.6 billion tons, including 4 million tons of solid waste generated by township enterprises, accounting for 37.7% of the total output, and 1.77 million tons of hazardous waste, accounting for about 1.%. In 1996, the discharge of industrial solid waste was 16.9 million tons, of which hazardous waste accounted for 1.3%. The cumulative storage of industrial solid waste in China has reached 6.5 billion tons, covering an area of 51,68 hectares, of which hazardous waste accounts for about 5%. The output of municipal solid waste is about 1.4 billion tons, and two-thirds of the cities in China are surrounded by garbage. In recent years, the consumption of plastic packaging materials has increased rapidly, and the problem of "white pollution" has become prominent.
2. Pollution source
Industrial solid waste. Municipal solid waste.
noise pollution
1. pollution status
according to the bulletin of China's environmental situation, in 1997, the noise in most cities in China was at a moderate level of pollution, among which the impact of domestic noise was large and showed an expanding trend. Traffic noise has the strongest impact on the environment.
the equivalent sound level of road traffic noise in China ranges from 67.3 to 77.8 decibels, with a national average of 71 decibels (length-weighted). Among the 49 urban roads monitored, the sound level exceeding 7 decibels accounts for 54.9% of the total monitoring length.
the equivalent sound level of environmental noise in urban areas ranges from 53.5 to 65.8 decibels, with a national average of 56.5 decibels (area-weighted). Among the 43 cities, 33 have sound levels exceeding 55 decibels, among which the equivalent sound levels of Datong, Kaifeng and Lanzhou are over 6 decibels, which is very polluted.
the noise of various functional areas generally exceeds the standard. The percentage of cities exceeding the standard is: 57.1% in special residential areas; Residents, cultural and educational areas 71.7%; Residential, commercial and industrial mixed area 8.4%; Industrial concentration area 21.7%; Traffic trunk roads are 5.%.
Environmental protection means that human beings consciously protect natural resources and make rational use of them to prevent the natural environment from being polluted and destroyed; The polluted and destroyed environment must be comprehensively treated to create an environment suitable for human life and work. Environmental protection refers to all kinds of actions taken by human beings to solve real or potential environmental problems, coordinate the relationship between human beings and the environment and ensure the sustainable development of economy and society. Its methods and means include engineering technology, administrative management, law, economy, publicity and education, etc.
methods of environmental protection
since the founding of new China 6 years ago, especially since the reform and opening up, with the great attention of the party and the government, China's environmental protection has developed rapidly from scratch. Through unremitting efforts, the construction of environmental legal system has been further improved, the intensity of environmental pollution control has been gradually increased, the construction of ecological environmental protection has been strengthened, the investment in pollution control has increased steadily, the trend of serious deterioration of environmental quality in the country has been basically controlled, and the cause of environmental protection has developed rapidly.
steady development of environmental protection
China's environmental protection started in the 195s and 196s, and started in the 197s with difficulties and embarked on the right development path. Since the reform and opening up, China's environmental protection has developed steadily. The Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China (for Trial Implementation) promulgated in 1979 put environmental protection into the legal track and accelerated the development of environmental protection. The second national conference on environmental protection held in 1983 formally defined environmental protection as a basic national policy of our country, formulated the guiding principle that "economic construction, urban and rural construction and environmental construction should be planned, implemented and developed simultaneously, so as to achieve the unity of economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits", and defined "prevention first, combining prevention with control", "whoever pollutes, who governs" and "strengthening environmental management" During the Eighth Five-Year Plan period, especially after the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992, China took the lead in putting forward "Ten Countermeasures for Environment and Development", which clearly proposed for the first time to change the traditional development mode and take the road of sustainable development. During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, the Fourth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress deliberated and adopted the Ninth Five-Year Plan for the National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the Outline of Long-term Goals for 21. the State Council issued the Decision on Several Issues of Environmental Protection, and implemented the Total Pollutant Discharge Control Plan and the Cross-century Green Project Plan. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the CPC Central Committee put forward an important strategic thought of establishing Scientific Outlook on Development and building a harmonious society. In 22, China's first circular economy legislation, the Cleaner Production Promotion Law, was promulgated, which marked the transformation of China's pollution control model from terminal treatment to whole process control. During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, the state further strengthened environmental protection, which greatly promoted the further development of environmental protection in China.