(about1715-about 1763) China, the greatest novelist of the Qing Dynasty, was Han nationality. Its name is Zhan, the word, and learning the piano is its name, also known as the piano score. Originally from Liaoyang, he was originally a Han Chinese, and later he was a "coating" person in Zhengbaiqi, Manchuria, and worked as a flag bearer. The author of China's famous novel A Dream of Red Mansions.
Second, the family;
1, Cao Xueqin's great-grandfather Cao Xi was appointed as Jiangning Weaving; Great-grandmother Sun Shi was the nanny of Emperor Kangxi Michelle Ye. Grandfather Cao Yin was the squad leader and bodyguard of Emperor Kangxi. Later, he was appointed as Jiangning Weaving, and concurrently served as the inspector of salt affairs in two Huai Dynasties, which won the favor of Kangxi.
2. Kangxi visited Jiangnan six times, four of which were taken back by Cao Yin who lived in Cao's home. After Cao Yin's death, his sons Cao Qing and Cao Fuxian succeeded him as Jiangning Weaving. Their three generations and four grandchildren have held this position for 60 years. Cao Xueqin grew up in the "prosperous" life of this "romantic place of Qinhuai" since childhood.
3. In the early years of Yongzheng, the Cao family suffered a series of blows because of the intervention of the internal political struggle of the feudal ruling class. Cao Fu was dismissed on charges of "misconduct", "harassing the Post" and "deficit", and his property was confiscated. Cao Fu was imprisoned and punished, and the "cangue" lasted for more than a year. At this time, Cao Xueqin's family moved back to Beijing. Since then, the Cao family has been devastated and declining.
4. After a major turning point in his life, Cao Xueqin deeply felt the coldness of the world and had a clearer and deeper understanding of feudal society. He despised powerful people, stayed away from officialdom and lived a poor and hard life.
Third, my old age experience:
1. In his later years, Cao Xueqin moved to the western suburbs of Beijing. Life is even poorer, "covered in wormwood" and "porridge for the whole family".
He devoted himself to the writing and revision of A Dream of Red Mansions. 1762 (twenty-seven years of Qianlong), his youngest son died early, and he fell into excessive sadness and grief and was bedridden.
On the New Year's Eve of this year (1763 February 12), he finally died of poverty due to illness. And the book A Dream of Red Mansions has not been finished. There are two versions about the year of Cao Xueqin's death: 1764 (the 29th year of Qianlong).
Fourth, the main achievements:
1, Cao Xueqin is human. His poems are novel in conception and close in style to Li He, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. His friend Duncheng once praised him and said, "Love your poem is wonderful, and you can catch up with the long valley broken fence fan." He added, "I know that your poems are as bold as iron and as cold as the Taoist camp." However, there are only two lines in his sincere poem Pipa Xing: "The White Fuji Mausoleum should be very happy and will teach barbarians to put on airs."
2. Cao Xueqin is also a painter and likes to paint abrupt and steep stones. Dunmin's "Painting Stone in Qinyuan" said: "Proud as a strange monarch, more jagged. Drunk as a pen swept away. Write a thunder in your chest. " It can be seen that when he painted stones, he put his chest on the grievances. Cao Xueqin's greatest contribution lies in his novel creation. His novel A Dream of Red Mansions is rich in content, profound in thought and exquisite in art, which pushes China's classical novel creation to a peak and occupies a very important position in the history of literary development.
3. A Dream of Red Mansions is the product of "reading for ten years, adding and deleting five times" and "every word is like blood, and ten years of hard work is extraordinary". Unfortunately, before his death, the whole book was not finished. Today, most of the 20 copies of A Dream of Red Mansions/KLOC-0 were written by him, and the last 40 copies were continued by others. Eighty years later, he has written a part of the first draft, but it has not been handed down for various reasons.
4. Cao Xueqin also wrote the Collection of Waste Art Zhai. * * * is divided into eight volumes, covering printing, knitting, gardening, flying kites, cooking, bodiless technology, printing and dyeing, etc.
Extended data:
Cao Xueqin's evaluation;
First, Zhou:
1, Cao Xueqin's life is extraordinary, bumpy and brilliant. He is likable, admired, admired, and greatly misunderstood and vilified by the secular.
2. He has the philosophical thoughts of Laozi and Zhuangzi, the grief and indignation of Qu Yuan Sao, the historical talents of Sima Qian, the painting skills and infatuation of Gu Kaizhi, the romantic talents of Li Yishan and Du Mu, and the musical and dramatic talents of Li Guinian and Huang Fangzhuo ... He has a life experience of nobility, humiliation, ups and downs, separation and joys and sorrows. So I say he is the representative image of China culture. ?
Second, Hu Deping:
The British said that they would rather lose the British Isles than lose Shakespeare. Like Shakespeare and Cervantes, Cao Xueqin used the torch of literature to give people true feelings, warmth and courage to bid farewell to the old system. ?
Third, Cai Yijiang:
Cao Xueqin is one of the greatest writers in China. His position and achievements in the history of world literature are no less than those of Shakespeare, Goethe, Balzac, Pushkin and Tolstoy. ?
Cao Xueqin-Baidu Encyclopedia