If it is a book, it is the unit price of the book multiplied by a certain percentage and then multiplied by the book sales or printing volume. This certain percentage is called the royalty rate, and its size reflects the level of the royalty standard. There is no uniform standard for royalty rates, either in most countries or internationally. The determination of the royalty rate generally takes into account factors such as the author's popularity, the type, quality and number of copies of the work, potential market demand, and the exclusivity of the authorized rights. The royalty rate is determined by the author, the copyright owner or his agent and the use of the work. The parties reach agreements through negotiation

In a few countries, the government stipulates different royalty rates for different works. Royalty rates increase with subsequent print runs. In some countries, authors of musical or dramatic works are also paid in the form of royalties for performing musical or dramatic works. This royalty, also known as performance tax, is calculated by multiplying the box office revenue of a single performance by a certain percentage (royalty rate).

Royalty, also known as copyright royalty, is the monetary benefit collected by the original owner or copyright holder of intellectual property from others who use their intellectual property. Those who use intellectual property rights such as copyrights, franchises, copyrights, trademarks, patents, etc. may be required to pay royalties. Generally speaking, royalties are paid to the inventor or creator of a work in order to obtain the right to reproduce or perform the work.

Copyright royalties are a form of income for copyright holders. In most countries, this income is taxed in the form of withholding income tax.