According to the ancient system, the emperor generally had to obtain the "national seal" to become the "Mr. Right", otherwise he would be ridiculed as the "whiteboard son of heaven" even if he won the world. This official seal system began in the Western Han Dynasty, and "official seal" began in the Qin Dynasty. According to legend, Qin Shihuang carved a precious seal of "He". The seal was carved by Prime Ministers Li Si and Wang Sunshou, and the font was "Like a fish, like a dragon, like a bird". The seal says, "I am ordained by heaven to live forever." This seal was obtained from Zi Ying, the king of Qin, when Liu Bang, the great ancestor of the Western Han Dynasty, marched into Xianyang, Qin Dou in 206 BC. Since then, this treasure has become the goal of strong beams in past dynasties. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang usurped the throne and the "national seal" was stolen. Wang Mang failed, and the national seal was handed over to Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms period, the "national seal" was seized by Cao Cao. The Three Kingdoms returned to Jin, and the "national seal" fell into the hands of Sima. At the end of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, "Guo Chuan Xi" was taken away by Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty, and the peasants revolted at the end of Sui Dynasty. This Xi belongs to Tang Taizu Li Yuan. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, during the rebellion, Li Congke, king of Lu, set himself on fire in Xuanwu Tower, and the "national seal" was also destroyed. At this point, the Han "national seal" disappeared. However, many dynasties since then have announced the appearance of the "national seal". For example, in the third year of Tianfu, the late Jin Emperor Shi Jingtang "ordered the emperor to make a treasure", which was later classified as Qidan, passed to Yan Xi in the late Liao Dynasty, and was lost in the Sanggan River by Yan Xi in the Jin-Liao War. In the third year of Song Shaosheng, Duan Yi, a farmer in Xianyang, got a treasure seal, which was "green as blue and moist as jade". The seal was combined with Li Siyin and decorated with dragons, phoenixes, fish and birds.
The "National Seal" obtained by Huang Taiji in Qing Dynasty from Ligdan Khan in Chahar is indeed true. However, some people call the "Guo Chuan Xi" obtained by Huang Taiji the "Yuan Guo Chuan Xi" of Qin Shihuang, and some people call it a fake seal made by Shi Jingtang in the late Jin Dynasty. This "national seal" is not the "national seal" of Qin Shihuang. Huang taiji strongly exaggerates that the purpose of obtaining this "patent treasure" is nothing more than political needs. The "patent treasure" once hidden in the Forbidden City in Shenyang is not an original obtained by Huang Taiji, but a fake forged by Qianlong.
In the ninth year of Tiancong (1635), Emperor Taizong of Qing Dynasty conquered Lidan Khan in Chahar, Mongolia, and won the unanimous support of Manchu ministers and Mongolian ministries. The following year, he changed the name of Daikin Kingdom to Qing Dynasty and became the "Manchu Emperor". This event is of epoch-making significance in history of qing dynasty. Yuan Guo Chuan Xi has great significance and extensive influence in the history of the early Qing Dynasty. However, the whereabouts of this Xi have long been unknown, and even its mark has not been pointed out. What we know at present is only the description of it in the historical documents, which is a great regret in the field of history.
However, it is said that the Phoenix Building in Shengjing once contained the so-called "meta-patent treasure". Phoenix House is the gateway to sleep in Shengjing Palace. Located on the high platform of Qingning Palace, it is a two-story pavilion with a single eaves and a mountain rest. This building is probably the place where emperors and empresses visited in the early Qing Dynasty. After eight years of Qianlong (1742), Gao Zongdong visited Shengjing, and soon decided to use this building as a permanent place to store historical records, sacrificial figures, music charts and royal "Ten Treasures". Emperor Taizong's royal treasure was deposited in Jiaotai Hall in Beijing after entering the customs in Qing Dynasty, and it was changed to Phoenix Building in the 11th year of Qianlong (1745).
At the beginning of the 11th year of Qianlong, Emperor Gaozong went to Jiaotai Hall to look through precious seals, and found that some seals had been "distorted for a long time", while others were "copied" and no longer used. Moreover, judging from the number of precious seals, it is also inconsistent with the records in the Qing Code. For example, according to the Qing Hui Dian, there are nine imperial seals at present, including six in the palace and three in the treasury. The actual collection of Jiaotai Hall is as many as 39 pieces. It greatly exceeded the customization of "Hui Dian", and Gaozong made a new revision to it. He is based on Zhouyi? Dayan: Five of the twenty days determine the theory that the number of precious seals is twenty-five. Of the remaining 14 pieces, 10 pieces were identified as seals used by Taizong in the early Qing Dynasty because of the repetition of Bao Wen and 25 pieces of Bao Wen, and they were still sent back to Shengjing for storage in Fenghuang Building.
Phoenix Terrace contains "Yuan Guo Chuan Xi", which had a great influence in Qing Dynasty. For example, Jin Liang, who served as the general manager of Shengjing Banner Affairs Office and the general manager of Shengjing Interior Office in the late Qing Dynasty, said more than once that "the royal treasure hidden in the Phoenix Tower is said to have been acquired by Emperor Taizong.
However, there are some doubts about this matter. First, if the "Yuan Guo Chuan Xi" exists, why did Qianlong send the Ten Treasures to the Phoenix Building in eleven years, instead of sending them together, but delayed for decades? Secondly, Qianlong himself is elegant and calm in calligraphy, and he has no doubt about what he has experienced. He visited Shengjing four times in the east, and every time he boarded Fengtai, he wrote seven poems about the scenery of the balcony, all of which were in various aspects, but he did not mention the important historical story of "Yuan" hidden in Fengtai.
"After the mark of Yuan was confirmed, the puzzle was solved. Now, comparing the patent treasure made by Phoenix Tower with the mark of "Yuan", the answer is self-evident.
First, the handwriting of the two seals is different. Take "system" as an example. The former (the patented baby made by Phoenix Tower) has a standard 90-degree right angle, while the latter ("Yuan") has an arc corner. But also different in stroke thickness and font structure proportion. The other three words also have the same difference: patent, wisdom and treasure.
Second, the edge thickness is different. The width of the former side is 1.2 cm, and the latter side is only 0.8 cm wide.
Third, the seal size is different. The former is a square of 14.5cm. The latter is 12.5cm square.
Fourth, there is a difference between fine carving and clumsy carving. The former is characterized by rough handwriting, sharp blade, hard and uneven strokes and obvious clumsiness. The latter is delicate and even, and the handwriting is simple and solemn.
In a word, the patent treasure of Phoenix Tower is obviously a fake eagle. Emperor Qianlong forged "Yuan Guo Chuan Xi" for the following reasons. First, the original seal obtained by Taizong no longer exists. According to the "Xu Er 'an's imperial edict in the fifth year of Shunzhi" published by the First Historical Archives of China, the seal used in this imperial edict is still the treasure of the imperial seal made by the Yuan Dynasty. Since then, the imperial edict has been combined by Manchu and Han. Secondly, Emperor Taizong collected the official seal of Chahar Lidan Khan, and everything about the founding of the Qing Dynasty was a major event in the history of the founding of the Qing Dynasty. This treasure is indispensable for Emperor Taizong's royal treasure. Otherwise, it is not only against historical facts, but also disrespectful to our ancestors, and even less accountable to future generations.
The case of Gan Long's forgery of Yuan Guo Chuan Xi is very secretive and has never exposed any flaws. However, when the truth came out, re-reading his exposition about Emperor Taizong's "Yuan Guo Chuan Xi" in the preface to the Twenty-five Treasures of Jiaotai Hall gave people a new understanding. For example, Gan Long said, "Fu Baojun and his ministers in the ancient times were arrogant and extravagant. I was given the national seal by Mongolia when I was Emperor Taizong. Tolerance, at the beginning, is not a sign of being ordered. Judging from today's thinking, Emperor Wendi surrendered to China, and the world was unified by virtue? In Baoye? Don't wait for the wise to know. " This passage is obviously contrary to historical facts. Its purpose has two points: one is to decorate ancestors for beauty, and the other is to lay the groundwork for their forgery and impunity.
The patented baby of Phoenix Tower was transferred to Jingdian Pavilion with other babies in the early years of Guangxu. In the 26th year of Guangxu reign (1900), the tsar Russian invaders advanced on Shengjing, and General Shengjing was ordered by the imperial court to transfer the ten treasures of Taizong, the icons of past dynasties, imperial knives and gold bars to Jehol Palace. This fake yuan is still missing. If it still exists, it may be collected in the Forbidden City in Beijing.