The positive impact of ecotourism on nature reserves: ① It is conducive to improving the utilization value of resources in the area, promoting economic development in the area, and enhancing the self-development ability of the reserve; Comprehensive utilization of resources in nature reserves under the premise of ecological balance. ② It is conducive to improving the visibility of protected areas and accumulating rich management and construction experience; natural reserves are not only ideal places for protecting biological diversity, scientific research and education bases, and eco-tourism. Eco-tourism is carried out in nature reserves, attracting a large number of Tourists and domestic and foreign experts and scholars come for sightseeing and inspection. ③ It is conducive to realizing community governance and raising public awareness of environmental protection; the community participation spirit advocated by ecotourism has won the most extensive and solid internal support for the protection of protected areas through the participation and benefit of community people.
Adverse impacts of ecotourism in nature reserves: ① Ecotourism makes it more difficult to manage protected areas. On the one hand, ecotourism in nature reserves can create economic benefits for the reserves. On the other hand, the development of ecotourism brings environmental pollution, uncivilized activities and behaviors of some tourists, the impact of foreign cultures, and the blindness of development, etc. It will cause interference and damage to its resources, affect the normal management of the protected area, and increase the difficulty of management. How to provide healthy, safe and comfortable tourism products has become an urgent problem for nature reserves that must be solved as soon as possible. ② Tourism poses a potential threat to wildlife. Tourism in nature reserves, due to the uneven quality of tourists and limited management capabilities, poses potential threats to the habitat and survival of wild animals and plants, such as climbing branches, trampling vegetation, picking flowers and fruits, collecting bird eggs, using fire in the wild, and disturbing and driving away Animals and other phenomena occur from time to time. In addition, the entry of tourists also increases the probability of the spread of certain diseases specific to humans and animals.
Ecotourism development and management strategies in nature reserves
Natural reserves currently have the social conditions to develop ecotourism. First, the construction of nature reserve management institutions has been gradually strengthened. Second, the construction of nature reserves has gradually moved towards legalization and standardization. Third, the national economy has developed rapidly, people's living standards have improved, and the overall quality has continued to improve. Therefore, the development and management of ecotourism are particularly important. According to the current situation and characteristics of my country's nature reserves, combined with the problems existing in the process of carrying out ecotourism, the following countermeasures and measures are proposed for the development and management of ecotourism:
(1) Adhere to the guidance of sustainable development In the process of developing and utilizing natural resources for tourism in protected areas, people should establish the idea of ??sustainable development, fully examine its impact on other resources, other elements and the entire tourism environment, take into account the principles of domestic and international fairness, and bear the same responsibility to contemporary people. Moral obligations, leaving ample room for them to enjoy the pleasure of travel. Utilize reasonably under the premise of protection, and protect as much as possible when using to ensure the sustainable development of tourism.
(2) Reasonable layout, scientific planning, and key development. my country has a land area of ??9.6 million km2, spanning nearly 50 latitudes from north to south and more than 60 longitudes from east to west. It has complex and diverse climate types and is home to very rich species resources, which constitute the resource advantages and characteristics of my country's nature reserves. . However, among the nearly 2,000 nature reserves established in my country, the spatial and regional distribution vary greatly, as well as location characteristics, protection objects, and resource quality.
(3) Improve laws and regulations, and increase law enforcement and supervision. The development and construction of eco-tourism in nature reserves should be put on a legal track. Although relevant laws and regulations such as the "Regulations on Nature Reserves" and the "Measures for the Management of Forest and Wild Animal Type Nature Reserves" have made corresponding provisions for the development of ecotourism in nature reserves, the principles, conditions, and procedures for the development of ecotourism in nature reserves , steps and restrictive measures are not detailed enough and still need to be improved.
(4) Establish a scientific eco-tourism management mechanism. Whether eco-tourism in nature reserves can integrate nature, protection, science and education, and income generation, and achieve the unity of ecological, social, and economic benefits, depends critically on the level of management.
Therefore, it is extremely important to improve the ecotourism management mechanism of protected areas and establish a scientific and reasonable management model. Ecotourism management is a management that combines comprehensiveness and professionalism, development and protection, and reflects new concepts of economic, ecological and social benefits. This kind of management can not only provide people with a real feeling of "returning to nature and returning to basics", but also ensure the integrity of the ecology and the quality of the environment. It is a reliable guarantee for the coordinated development of man and nature and the sustainable development of the ecological economy.