One of the ways: professionalization of high-end talents
According to the survey, there are nearly 40 schools in the province that train domestic service talents. Overall, the number of schools cultivating home economics professionals in the province is relatively small and is still in its infancy.
Zhejiang Shuren College is a pioneer in cultivating domestic talents. The school opened the home economics major in 1994, established the home economics research center in 2001, and established it as a key discipline of the school in 2006. In 2012, the home economics service industry became an important direction of the modern service industry research center, a provincial key research base. Over the past 20 years, we have trained a group of professionals in housekeeping service management for the society. At the same time, we have focused on related issues such as the development of the housekeeping industry and the adaptation of talent training, especially in the fields of early cultivation, service rule research and standardization construction of the housekeeping industry in our province. A large number of scientific research and social service work have been carried out.
In June 2013, with the strong support of the Provincial Department of Education, Haining Health School cooperated with Quzhou Vocational and Technical College to actively implement the "five-year consistent" talent training model for elderly care. Recruit 100 students in the five-year consistent system (higher vocational college) in the field of geriatric care and infant care, and adopt the "2+3 model" to jointly cultivate high-quality skilled students at the college level relying on the teaching resources and scientific research levels of higher vocational colleges. of elderly care and other health-related housekeeping service talents.
Some cities have found their own way. For example, Wenzhou City has established a home economics vocational education alliance composed of 3 universities, 3 secondary vocational schools, and 3 enterprises. In the first half of 2013, it has recruited students majoring in nursing care, preschool education (nurse care), and community elderly care in secondary vocational schools. In-service nursing students, students majoring in nursing care in colleges and universities, etc. In particular, Pingyang County Vocational Secondary School, based on regional needs and leveraging its own advantages, actively carried out domestic service talent training and applied for a provincial training base for domestic service and community services. Utilizing the concept of "big housekeeping", we have launched the construction of professional groups in the fields of early education and childcare, home appliance repair, property management, community services, and nursing care workers. Lishui City has opened a housekeeping service major in Suichang County Vocational Secondary School, and has carried out the training of maintenance electricians, cooking, nursing and other professional talents in other secondary vocational schools. Thousands of students are enrolled and graduated every year.
In April 2013, the "Zhejiang Provincial Domestic Service Talent Training Alliance" was launched. The alliance was established under the concern of the Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government and under the direct leadership of the Provincial Department of Education. Its governing units include schools, training institutions, domestic enterprises, industry associations, community centers, hospitals and various service organizations. The central work of the alliance is It is the cultivation and training of domestic service talents. Since the establishment of the alliance, a large amount of work has been carried out in related aspects such as institution and mechanism construction, talent cultivation and training, scientific research and social services. Comprehensive training at all levels is carried out around the fields of housekeeping management, elderly care, maternal and infant care, and housework assistants. Alliance member units have vigorously carried out reforms in the domestic service talent training model. For example, Zhejiang Shuren College, in response to the urgent need for transformation and upgrading of domestic enterprises, recruits undergraduate majors in housekeeping management under the discipline framework of enterprise management; Ningbo Health Vocational and Technical College actively explores cooperation with industries and enterprises to carry out "order-based" talent training; the newly established "Hangzhou Normal University Santi Home Economics College" will adopt a "dual system (work-study alternation) + dual certificate system (academic qualifications + skills)" talent training model. Led by Zhejiang Shuren University, the alliance will work with the Provincial Education Examination Authority to research and explore the "certificate + course" academic education model, actively prepare for the establishment of higher education self-study examinations in home economics, and implement in-depth training of home economics talents. reform and innovation.
Path 2: Branding of low-end talents
Faced with the blow of being laid off, Qian Yajun, a native of No. 3 Village, Shihuang Town, Shengzhou, was not defeated. After passing professional training, she returned to work. After embarking on the road of re-employment, she has now become a "big star" in the confinement nanny world. In June 2013, Qian Yajun and 50 sisters attended the free confinement nanny training class at Shengzhou Community College. After one and a half months of training, Qian Yajun successfully obtained the nanny qualification certificate. On the day when the certificate was issued, many employers and professional organizations came to the site to recruit. Qian Yajun got her first job as a confinement nanny. After one month, she received 6,800 yuan in remuneration. Through word of mouth from his employer, Qian Yajun is now well-known in the local area, and his job has been scheduled until May this year.
Relevant teachers of the college said that since the launch of the "confinement nanny" major in April last year, each training class has been "paid by the government and free training". The study time is 40 days, and all participants in the training They are rural women aged 35 to 50 years old. So far, more than 400 people have obtained the national professional qualification certificate for nannies through training and have become "confinement nanny" with a certificate.
Wang Jianping, the head of Shengzhou Community College, took out the registered "Yuexiangsao" trademark and told reporters that this service trademark is used to recommend graduates to the market and is a public brand for students. Due to the rigorous training of "Yuexiang Sisters" with their enthusiasm for work and solid skills, their good reputation has been spread by word of mouth among employers inside and outside the city, and their reputation is getting better and better.
Hangzhou Heroine Xili Housekeeping Group adopts modern circulation methods such as chain operation and regional chain operation methods such as cross-province and cross-city, and has become a pioneer practitioner in the standardization, standardization and branding of the housekeeping service industry. General manager Guo Yuchen told reporters that the company has 3,000 employees. It implements an employee system, provides "five insurances and one housing fund" for all employees, provides unified training, and uniforms, which is leading among domestic companies in the country.
Research has found that the income of women who have been trained is 20% to 50% higher than those in the same industry. Training schools are moving towards "exporting one person to make a family rich; organizing a group of people to make a family rich". The goal of "driving one villager" is moving forward.
According to statistics, there are 830 training institutions of various types in the province. In the past three years, a total of 138,000 people have been trained, 77,000 people have obtained professional qualifications after training, and the average annual income after training has reached 31,600 yuan. . At present, the province's domestic talent training mainly relies on vocational schools, community schools, township (street) schools, domestic enterprises, etc. The training targets are mainly laid-off workers, unemployed people, migrant workers, and other people in society; training The method is generally that teachers teach theoretical knowledge face-to-face and provide practical guidance for a certain period of time; the training cycle is mostly short-term training, ranging from a week to about 20 days, and rarely more than a month.
The government attaches great importance to: vigorously promote housekeeping projects
The "Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Development of the Household Service Industry" issued by the Zhejiang Provincial People's Government clearly states: "By 2015, many A multi-level and multi-form household service market and operating institutions; the scale of employment continues to expand, the comprehensive quality of employees continues to improve, and the rights and interests of enterprises, families, and employees are effectively protected. By 2020, a relatively sound system covering the entire province and benefiting all people will be formed. The overall development level of the domestic service system is consistent with the requirements of building a well-off society in an all-round way.”
Judging from the current situation of domestic service talent training in the province, all cities and towns attach great importance to it and combine it with local conditions. Have advantages, unite leadership, and steadily advance various tasks. For example, the Huzhou Municipal Education Bureau held a special meeting to establish a three-dimensional integrated working mechanism of "municipal bureau-county district-school", and solidly promoted the training of domestic talents by setting up relevant contacts, establishing a quarterly reporting system, strengthening feedback and typical publicity, etc. . Director Ma of the Vocational Adult Education Department of the Huzhou Municipal Education Bureau said: "We focus on practical implementation and summarized the 'six major training models.'" That is, network-based training is carried out through cooperation between adult schools; through cooperation between vocational schools and adult schools Joint training, resources are fully shared and complementary; through the cooperation between schools and industries, targeted training is carried out; through the cooperation between schools, streets and village committees, the conditions and resources of both parties are used to speed up the training progress; through the school By cooperating with social training institutions, we learned new methods and developed ideas for running schools; through cooperating with welfare institutions such as nursing homes and nurseries, we strengthened on-the-job skills training and enhanced vocational skills.
Jiaxing City’s education departments at all levels have strengthened their ties with relevant departments and made every effort to promote the training of domestic service talents. For example, we should strengthen cooperation with the human resources and social security departments, implement targeted training projects for domestic service workers such as housekeepers, elderly care workers, and patient aides, and simultaneously implement skill appraisals or special ability assessments; strengthen contact with the civil affairs department, and actively promote elderly care. We will cooperate with the education and training of nursing staff to complete the three-year nursing care training task for the elderly; we will also work closely with the agricultural department to incorporate the job training for domestic service personnel carried out by vocational schools and township schools into the "Quality Training Project for Tens of Millions of Rural Labor Forces".
On the basis of cooperating with the commerce, finance, federation of trade unions and other departments, the Jinhua Municipal Education Bureau actively contacted the Women’s Federation to participate in this work, giving full play to the role of the Municipal Women’s Federation and the township and community women’s federations, and jointly worked with staff schools to go deep into various areas. Communities and towns mobilized students to recruit students and organized rural women and landless farmers to participate in housekeeping training and engage in housekeeping services, which not only solved their employment problems but also solved the problem of difficulty in recruiting workers for housekeeping enterprises. In order to facilitate students' learning, the staff schools set up training courses in nearby counties and cities, and contacted employment units while training. Employers were invited to participate in the exam, and the best ones were hired, which increased the students' learning motivation. After the training, the students were hired by the employer. .
Zhoushan City will incorporate the development of domestic service talent training into relevant assessments such as the county and district education target responsibility system assessment and the annual assessment of directly affiliated schools, so as to promote the active development of domestic service talents in relevant schools in counties and districts training work.
The Quzhou Municipal Education Bureau, the Municipal Agricultural Office, the Municipal Labor Bureau, and the Municipal Women’s Federation jointly issued the "Quzhou Municipal Domestic Attendant Training and Management Measures", further refining the division of responsibilities and operating procedures of each department, and providing guidance for Quzhou Effective maintenance and orderly improvement of the nanny brand are guaranteed.
Change the concept: let domestic workers be respected
Aunt Zhang, a 48-year-old laid-off worker, worked as a part-time nanny for a period of time. Later, friends and relatives found out about it and looked at her. It just changed. Afraid of being looked down upon, Aunt Zhang chose to leave. Indeed, due to the influence of traditional concepts such as "serving others" and "being inferior to others", domestic service has not yet been generally recognized by the whole society. Some domestic service workers do not receive the respect they deserve from their customers, which also makes some workers reluctant to engage in domestic work. .
In essence, the domestic service industry, as an emerging industry, not only provides employment opportunities and work platforms for laid-off workers and migrant workers in cities, but also provides a place for entrepreneurs. Anyone who is interested in doing housekeeping People in the service industry can make a difference.
Therefore, relevant leaders and industry experts believe that it is necessary to guide the change of concepts, raise awareness, and optimize the market environment of the domestic service industry; build a vocational training system for domestic talents, strengthen the construction of professional courses and teaching staff; and improve Professional qualification system, strengthen the establishment of supervision and management mechanism, etc. It is necessary to guide society to establish a tolerant and peaceful professional evaluation system, enhance the recognition of employees, and enhance their social status.
"A few decades ago, housekeepers in large families were equivalent to professional managers, respected by everyone, and a class with a high social status. If society can change its concept and employees can be professionalized, housekeeping staff It is no longer associated with low-level and low-quality services. Making domestic service a respected profession will attract more outstanding young people to join the domestic service talent team," Xu Xuqing said. Indeed, only by establishing a correct outlook on employment and ethics among employees and enhancing their sense of professional belonging can we attract more outstanding talents to engage in the domestic service industry. Wang Jianping said: "Our school has provided 120 hours of free training to students to lay a solid professional foundation, guide employees to build self-confidence, and be neither humble nor overbearing when facing difficult customers." Housekeeping companies and customers treat employees correctly and respect them. It is also extremely important to achieve the results of labor, promote the establishment of harmonious labor relations and employment relations, and optimize the market environment of the domestic service industry.
Jia Rangcheng, deputy dean of Ningbo Health Vocational and Technical College, said that people must realize that the housekeeping industry is a type of occupation rather than a low-level job. He opened a talent training plan for domestic service professionals in the school, which stated that graduates will mainly work in large domestic service companies and elderly service agencies sponsored by all levels, engaging in front-line management work. It has high requirements for talents, and the core courses are carefully designed, including health humanities, family care, family management practice, social psychology, psychological counseling and therapy, etc.
It is necessary to strengthen the construction of professional courses and formulate corresponding course teaching standards. In the design of professional courses, compulsory and elective courses in multiple directions should be set up for students majoring in home economics to form a "one specialty with multiple abilities" vocational skills course system.
Wang Qunlong is a teacher in the Research Office of Zhejiang Shuren University. He graduated from the Department of Home Economics, opened a home economics company, and received a master's degree in sociology and home economics. He actually loves the home economics profession and hopes to solve the problem of professional title evaluation of home economics teachers as much as possible. Improve the overall quality of teachers, build a team of full-time and part-time teachers with both practical experience and practical guidance capabilities, and effectively ensure the quality of domestic service talent training.
"Market chaos is related to low entry barriers. The government should introduce policies to increase supervision and inspection of the employment and training of domestic service personnel, investigate and deal with irregular employment practices by enterprises, and further Standardize the order of employment. Those who are engaged in domestic work must have a qualification certificate. Those who have not obtained the corresponding professional qualification certificate must participate in training within a time limit and obtain a professional qualification certificate. If there is no such requirement, Improving the quality of domestic workers and improving the quality of domestic companies are empty words." Guo Yuchen said that we should actively establish a professional qualification system for domestic workers so that their wages are consistent with star-level qualifications. The current professional qualification system for domestic helpers is only designed to the level of "housekeeper" and not to the level of "housekeeper". This is obviously not in line with actual needs. At present, people are looking forward to designing the "Zhejiang Province Housekeeping Management Qualification Certificate Examination" through the Zhejiang Province "House Economics and Community" self-study undergraduate and junior college examination to open up the channel for the "House Economics Teacher" level and attract intermediate and senior students with certain academic qualifications and professional expertise. Skilled talents are engaged in high-end housekeeping services, housekeeping enterprise management, housekeeping service training, etc. to ensure the echelon nature of the housekeeping talent team.