Almost the same, summer, Gannan County

A review of the development of the sunflower industry in Gannan - the hometown of sunflowers in China

Sunflowers are the main crop in Gannan County, and the majority of farmers have According to traditional planting and cultivation habits, the planting area is 600,000 to 800,000 acres. In 2007, the county planted 800,000 acres, accounting for more than one-third of the province's planting area, and achieved sales revenue of 300 million yuan. This alone, farmers The per capita net income is 1,000 yuan, accounting for 45% of the per capita income of farmers, and it has increased tax revenue by 3 million yuan for local finance. In 2000, Gannan County was named the "Hometown of Sunflowers in China" by the China Specialty Products Hometown Organizing Committee. In recent years, our county has insisted on playing the green card, taking a characteristic path, grasping the market, adapting to local conditions, applying science and technology, guiding and supporting, and making the sunflower industry bigger and stronger. The sunflower industry is the pillar industry of our county. Its production level and quality, industrial development The degree is directly related to the increase of farmers' income. The construction of financial resources at the county and township levels and the transfer of rural surplus labor have become the main channels for increasing farmers' income and fiscal taxes.

Gannan County has unique advantages in developing the sunflower industry. Sunflower planting areas are limited to semi-arid and arid areas with irrigation conditions. Our county is not only an arid area, but also has water-saving irrigation infrastructure, and the location conditions are basic. Our county has the only sunflower research institute in the Northeast. Based on farmers' years of experience in growing sunflowers and research on supporting technologies, a cultivation technology model with a sunflower yield of 175kg per mu has been formed. The technology has potential for application. The per capita cultivated land area in our county is large, which is conducive to sunflower rotation and the adjustment of the planting industry structure. One is location advantage. Gannan County is located in the sandy and semi-arid area in the west of Heilongjiang Province. There is less precipitation in the same season with hot and rainy weather, which is suitable for the growth and development of sunflowers. There is less rainfall in summer, which creates favorable conditions for sunflower pollination and is conducive to increasing the sunflower seed setting rate. The disease is mild and provides a high yield. A good foundation has been laid. In recent years, driven by Gannan, surrounding counties have expanded their sunflower planting areas. Gannan and surrounding counties have a total planting area of ??about 1.6-1.8 million acres, accounting for 20% of the national edible sunflower area and 15% of the total output. It has become the largest distribution center for edible sunflowers in Northeast China. The second is scientific research advantages. Gannan County Sunflower Research Institute is a professional sunflower research institute in Northeast China. Over the past two decades, the scientific researchers of this institute have accumulated rich breeding resources, with more than 1,000 varieties of materials. They have cultivated high-quality edible sunflower varieties Gankui No. 1, 2 and 3 and promoted them in suitable areas inside and outside the province. , Gannan County currently has 15 senior agricultural technicians, 97 intermediate technicians, and 63 junior professional technicians. They have accumulated a large amount of detailed data and planting experience in long-term production practice and scientific research, especially in the past three years, focusing on With the development of the sunflower industry, we have brainstormed, gone out, invited in, affiliated with large and medium-sized enterprises, and attracted investment, which has opened up a new world for cultivating, growing, and improving the sunflower market. Sunflower hybrid breeding has initially developed a three-line, high-quality, high-yield cultivation model. It has been formed that the sunflower yield potential is relatively large. With the improvement of the first raw material workshop, the second deep processing workshop, and the third market sales link, as well as the scientific and technological content and marketing level, the sunflower industry has greatly boosted the financial resources construction of Gannan County and increased the income of farmers. . The third is brand advantage. Gannan is the "Hometown of Sunflowers in China", well-known throughout the country and has a high reputation in Asia. Gannan is a standardized production base for China's green food raw materials (sunflowers), a pollution-free production base, and the Yinhe brand series of sunflower seeds have long been popular in the Northeast region. Among the main varieties grown, Sunbaby brand sunflower seeds have obtained the national pollution-free agricultural product certification, Yinhe brand sunflower seeds have obtained the national A-level green food label, Qiaqia brand sunflower seeds are a well-known trademark in China, and Gankui No. 2 has won the "Yangling Expo" Houji Golden Image Award". The fourth is climate advantage. Sunflowers are suitable for planting in arid and semi-arid areas. For sunflowers planted in humid and semi-humid areas with high precipitation, the seed setting rate is low, diseases are severe, and it is difficult to obtain high yields. Gannan County is in a semi-arid continental monsoon climate zone, with low humidity, strong winds and frequent winds. , whenever it rains, water droplets fall with the wind and enter the ground to moisten the soil. The residence time on the soil is short, and the pathogenic bacteria are not suitable for growth and development when the humidity is low. The fifth is market advantage. Sunflower is the fifth largest oil crop after soybeans, rape, peanuts and sesame. It is full of treasures. The general oil yield is 22-36%. It is an important health food. It can be eaten raw or used as cooking oil. It has the functions of protecting organs, moisturizing the skin, enhancing the absorption and utilization of vitamins A, D, E, and K, anti-aging, and beauty and fitness.

The oil has strong gastrointestinal absorption capacity, up to 93.5%. Sunflower oil contains unsaturated fatty acids, with a content as high as 89.4%, of which soybean oleic acid content is 73.9%, which is much higher than other vegetable oils such as soybeans. Sunflower oil is an important industrial raw material, and sunflower flowers, flower discs, and stems can all be comprehensively utilized. Sunflower roots, stems, leaves and seeds can all be used as medicine, so sunflowers are full of treasures, and their product development and market are very broad.

Based on the above five advantages, our county has adopted the following four measures to effectively promote the rapid development of the sunflower industry.

1. Grasp the base and expand the scale

In order to promote scientific planting in the agricultural exhibition and highlight the role of typical demonstration and guidance, in 2008, we established 8 townships and 10 villages in the county. The 10,000-acre high-quality sunflower demonstration base is 12,400 acres, the "Gankui No. 2" improved seed breeding base is 3,000 acres, the "Qiaqia" melon seed raw material production base is 600,000 acres, and a 40,000-acre A-level green food sunflower production base has been established, and has obtained green food The logo is a breakthrough in the history of sunflower development in our county. We negotiated with Huatai Group to build a large-scale roasted seeds and nuts factory, thereby forming a leading enterprise and a base, driving the industrialization chain of farmers, and effectively promoting the development of the sunflower industry.

Second, focus on technology to improve quality and efficiency

First, focus on variety promotion. Our county has the only sunflower research institute in the Northeast. The "Gankui No. 1", "Gankui No. 2" and "Gankui No. 3" series of varieties cultivated by this institute have passed provincial appraisal and have high yield, good quality and resistance. With strong reversibility, it has become the leading variety in sunflower production. By vigorously promoting the "Gankui" series of varieties, improved sunflower cultivation has been achieved. This year, the popularity rate of "Gankui No. 2" improved varieties in the county reached 95%. The second is to focus on innovation in cultivation technology. Based on farmers’ planting habits for many years, a “175kg sunflower cultivation technology model” suitable for sunflower production in our county was summarized. The model includes appropriate density, sowing date, formula fertilization, artificial assisted pollination, sunflower borer control, water-saving irrigation and many other research contents that have never been covered before. This year, our county used this technical model in a high-quality sunflower demonstration base and a green food base. It sent professional technicians on-site to provide on-site guidance to ensure that the technology is not distorted. A "Sunflower 175kg Cultivation Model Map" was printed and distributed throughout the county, allowing farmers to follow the model. The operation effectively promoted the development of sunflower cultivation towards a model. The third is water-saving irrigation. In view of the reality of nine droughts in ten years in our county, we vigorously develop water-saving irrigation. Since the sunflowers are grown in water-saving irrigation areas and under sufficient accumulated temperature and irrigation conditions, the sunflowers are highly mature and the quality of the sunflowers is maintained. 70% of the county's 800,000 acres of sunflowers are planted in plots with irrigation conditions. The fourth is to develop green food production. Our county takes the development of green food sunflowers as a breakthrough to expand the sunflower industry, insists on playing the green card, takes a unique path, actively promotes the use of biofertilizers and Trichogramma biological control of sunflower borer technology, and selects land suitable for the environmental quality of green food production. 40,000 acres of "Yinhe" brand green food sunflowers have reached standardization, passed national certification, and obtained the green label. This year, 70,000 Trichogramma cards were released in the county, and the sunflower insect population rate was reduced to 2%. The fifth is to establish a science and technology demonstration park. In order to strengthen the testing, demonstration and promotion of sunflower production technology, a 500-acre sunflower supporting technology demonstration area was established in Yinhe Village, Yinhe Town, and implemented 7 pilot projects and 4 demonstration projects. In terms of variety selection, suitable density, and optimal Reliable data have been obtained on the optimal sowing period, sunflower intercropping, dense planting of large ridges, use of seed coating agents, mulch covering, formula fertilization and other technologies, providing technical guarantee for the high-quality development of sunflowers in our county. Sixth is standardized production. The first is an increase in investment levels. Most farmers think that sunflowers are "Pila" crops that can be harvested without fertilizer. In fact, sunflowers are a very land-consuming crop. In this regard, this year we first increased fertilizer investment in the demonstration of high-quality sunflowers, increasing the amount by 5-5 per mu. 7.5kg. Secondly, they all use the excellent variety "Gankui No. 2". This prevents the mixing of varieties and increases the yield but reduces the quality. Once again, the technological content has increased. The bases are all treated with seed coating agents, and optimized formula fertilization is implemented. Trichogramma is used to biologically control sunflower borer. The land preparation area is increased, scientific crop rotation is carried out, the plant spacing is appropriately increased, the effect of increasing the yield of a single plant is exerted, and intercropping planting methods are adopted to explore suitable The scientific approach to growing sunflowers locally.

3. Seize the market and improve circulation

We regard cultivating the professional sunflower market as an important part of making the sunflower industry bigger and stronger, insisting on going out, bringing in, and opening up the sunflower market.

Through cooperation with Huatai Group, Huatai Group's dealers in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, the Philippines, Macau, Taiwan and other places were organized to visit our county to inspect sunflower production. The county party committee and the county government organized and participated in the Russian Economic and Trade Fair, Hong Kong Food Festival, Heilongjiang Green Food Week, Dalian Agricultural Expo, Fuzhou Cross-Strait Economic and Trade Fair and other exhibition activities, promoting "Kuikui", "Changxiang Crisp", "Yin" "River" and other brands of sunflowers. They also publish information online and conduct online transactions. After investigating the main production conditions of sunflower production areas such as Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi, we have made great efforts to cultivate professional markets, and have successively supported the largest sunflower market in Changshan Township in Northeast China and major sunflower production areas such as Gannan Town, Xinglong Township, and Baoshan Township. Construction of sunflower market in sales area. 10 sunflower sales associations have been established, and a team of sunflower brokers with 500 people has been established. At present, the sunflower market in our county has radiated to more than a dozen provinces and autonomous regions across the country, and has entered the international market system, accounting for 20% of the domestic market share. The sunflower market has also stimulated the development of the transportation industry and catering service industry.

4. Grasp leadership and strengthen services

The county party committee and county government regard the development of the sunflower industry as a top priority for rural economic development. First, a special leadership organization for the promotion of sunflower industrial production was formed. Led by the leader in charge of agriculture of the county committee, it also attracted the participation of the county agricultural committee, agricultural technology extension center, water conservancy, credit cooperatives and the main responsible leaders of various towns and villages. A series of promotion mechanisms have been formed to lead the way, grasp brands, establish bases, and promote technologies. The second is to increase investment in sunflower production. In recent years, the county government has actively sought funding and project approval from relevant departments such as the higher-level planning committee, water conservancy, poverty alleviation and development, relief for work, and comprehensive agricultural development, and has included the sunflower industry in poverty alleviation projects. It has invested more than 10 million yuan in sunflower production. Infrastructure has been constructed and improved, providing a material basis for the development of water-saving irrigation, cultivating improved varieties, and applying advanced cultivation techniques. The third is to do a good job in demonstration work. The county party committee and the county government print and distribute "A Letter to Farmer Friends" every year and distribute it to every farmer for free before the Spring Festival to guide agricultural production in the next year. It includes the sunflower cultivation technical regulations formulated by the extension center and advocates farmers to develop the sunflower industry. In the first aspect, through radio and television, we have established a large number of model farmers who have developed the sunflower industry, influencing and guiding farmers with visible and tangible examples of getting rich. Fourth, there is a sound policy guarantee mechanism. The county party committee and county government have issued a series of preferential policies to support the development of the sunflower industry. In order to increase insect pollination of sunflowers and attract beekeepers from other places to come to Gannan to breed bees, a tax-free preferential policy is implemented for outsiders. Fifth, the government plays its regulatory role. The industry and commerce, taxation, transportation and other departments have given full play to their functions, strived to create a relaxed environment, and strengthened support and regulation of the sunflower distribution market. During the sunflower acquisition period, vehicles engaged in sunflower transportation had a "green light" throughout the county. Restrict individual brokers from not focusing on credibility or quality in the business process, and put an end to the phenomenon of "don't clean up the mud when the carrot is broken" and vicious competition in the purchase and sale of sunflowers.