The explanation of added value in the Encyclopedia of Enterprise Management published by Harvard University is: added value is the newly added value of an enterprise through the production process; Or, deduct the cost of purchasing raw materials from other enterprises from the sales of enterprises, that is, the net production of enterprises.
In my opinion, corresponding to the above two concepts of added value, the added value of products should include two aspects, namely, the added value of products created through internal production activities of enterprises and the added value of goods created in the circulation field through market strategies. High value-added products refer to products with high input and output. Its technical content and cultural value are much higher than those of ordinary products, so the market appreciation space is large and the profit is high.
Regarding "high value-added products", the following basic concepts should be clarified: First, the level of added value is a relative concept, which is restricted by different industries, national conditions and different price systems. Second, the level of added value is a time-sensitive concept, which interacts with market conditions. Third, "high value-added products" is a comprehensive and systematic concept. It should be a product with less input, more output and reasonable functional value. Fourth, high value-added products cannot be equated with high-tech, high-consumption and high-grade products, and the latter can only be called high value-added products if they become high-efficiency products.
Question 2: What do you mean by added value? Added value is the abbreviation of added value, which is the newly created value through effective labor in the production process on the basis of the original value of the product, that is, the added value of the original value of the product. The realization of added value lies in the connection through effective marketing means. The explanation of added value in the Encyclopedia of Enterprise Management published by Harvard University is: added value is the newly added value of an enterprise through the production process; Or, deduct the cost of purchasing raw materials from other enterprises from the sales of enterprises, that is, the net production of enterprises. Corresponding to the above two concepts of added value, the added value of products should include two aspects, that is, the added value of products created through internal production activities of enterprises and the added value of commodities created in the circulation field through market strategies. High value-added products refer to products with high input and output. Its technical content and cultural value are much higher than those of ordinary products, so the market appreciation space is large and the profit is high. The definition of added value in this book is: the excess return obtained by enterprises because products create and meet customers' higher-level needs. In other words, the difference between the price paid by consumers for products or services and the cost paid by enterprises for products is added value. The greater the price difference, the higher the added value the enterprise obtains. What is the added value of goods? Marx gave us some clues from the perspective of political economy, but the systematic research on added value is in the fields of management and accounting, and its research routes mainly include "Laka School", "Lehman School" and "eclecticism School". American business consultant A.W.Rucker put forward the concept of added value of products earlier. He pointed out: "Output value is the added value attached to raw materials by enterprise production activities, that is, the added value obtained by subtracting raw materials, power and consumables from total sales." The output value here is actually added value. From the definition of Raqqa, we can see that the added value is the value attached to raw materials and labor, and it is the surplus after deducting a series of expenses from total sales. Different from Laca's breakthrough point, another founder of the value-added theory, M.R.Lehman, defined the added value by "addition" and called it "created value", believing that it is composed of the sum of wages, allowances, transaction tax, business tax, capital interest and free capital income. In fact, the added value defined by Lehman is the sum of wages, interest and taxes. The main difference between Lehman's definition and Raqqa's definition is that the former replaces the total sales volume with the total production volume and regards the depreciation expense as non-added value. The compromise definition of added value between Raqqa and Lehman was put forward by Japanese expert Masanori Takeyama, who believed that added value was added to the value purchased outside the enterprise and the value created by his own company. Zhushan Zhengxian also calculates the added value in the form of subtraction: added value = sales (or production)-external purchase value (non-added value). The compromise between Laka's and Lehman's definitions is manifested in the concepts of "coarse added value" and "pure added value" proposed by Zhushan Zhengxian. The so-called "pure added value" is the sum of wages, interest and tax incentives, which conforms to Lehman's definition, while "crude added value" is based on "pure added value" plus depreciation expenses, which conforms to Raqqa's definition. At present, the widely used concept of added value was put forward by the famous American management scientist P.F. Drucker from the perspective of marketing. He called the added value "contribution value", that is, the difference between the total income of products or services produced by enterprises and the purchase amount of raw materials or services purchased from outside. Drucker clearly introduced intangible products such as services into the definition of added value, which is very important for analyzing the added value of the tertiary industry. At the same time, Drucker emphasized that the added value created by enterprises is the contribution of enterprises to society: from a macro perspective, the total contribution of enterprises to the whole society can reflect the national income of the country; Microscopically, the contribution value directly reflects the profit and loss of the enterprise. Based on the above definitions, we can draw three similarities: first, all definitions look at added value from the perspective of management or accounting; Secondly, the added value in these definitions can be expressed in the form of subtraction: added value, commodity value and non-added value; Third, the added value of various definitions includes wages, taxes and interest. ......& gt& gt
Question 3: What's the difference between product added value and profit? Product added value = profit+salary+interest+tax = product price-raw material price, so profit is less than or equal to product added value.
1. Product added value refers to the added value created by intellectual labor (including technology, intellectual property rights, management experience, etc.). ), manual processing, equipment processing, circulation marketing, etc. , more than the value of raw materials. The value created by the production link and the value created by the circulation link are all part of the added value of products. Among them, high value-added products refer to the value created by intelligence accounting for the main proportion of added value, with high value growth, high economic benefits and high commodity profits. Low value-added products mean that the value created by intelligence accounts for a secondary proportion of the added value.
2. China marketing planning experts believe that the elements that make up a product are nothing more than core products, formal products and additional products, and the so-called additional products are the added value of products. Because consumption is increasingly shifting from "material" consumption to "feeling" consumption, and tends to abstract standards such as sensibility, taste and psychological satisfaction, the added value of products in the market is getting higher and higher, which is inseparable from the selling point of products, and the purpose and benefit are integrated.
Question 4: What is a "high value-added product"? Products with high added value are products with high added value.
What exactly is added value? There is an explanation: Value-added is the abbreviation of added value, which is the new value created by effective labor in the production process on the basis of the original value of the product, that is, the new value added to the original value of the product. The explanation of added value in the Encyclopedia of Enterprise Management published by Harvard University is: added value is the newly added value of an enterprise through the production process; Or, deduct the cost of purchasing raw materials from other enterprises from the sales of enterprises, that is, the net production of enterprises. As can be seen from the above two explanations, high value-added products refer to products with high input and high output. Its technical content and cultural value are much higher than those of ordinary products, so the market appreciation space is large and the profit is high. Experts emphasize "high value-added products" and should clarify the following basic concepts: First, the level of added value is a relative concept, which is restricted by different industries, national conditions and different price systems. Second, the level of added value is a time-sensitive concept, which interacts with market conditions. Third, "high value-added products" is a comprehensive and systematic concept. It should be a product with less input, more output and reasonable functional value. Fourth, high value-added products cannot be equated with high-tech, high-consumption and high-grade products, and the latter can only be called high value-added products if they become high-efficiency products. Because consumption is increasingly shifting from "material" consumption to "feeling" consumption, and tends to abstract standards such as sensibility, taste and psychological satisfaction, the added value of products in the market is getting higher and higher, which is inseparable from the selling point of products, and the purpose and benefit are integrated.
Pay a little attention to your side, you will find that product quality is no longer just synonymous with durability and exquisite packaging, and its value-added development has become an increasingly important part of product quality. Haier's reputation as "child prodigy" and "golden prince", the charming titanium alloy appearance of TCL computer, the camouflage appearance of apples in Jin Wang field, the bottle cap of Nongfu Spring that can make noise, the BBK telephone that can display the call number, the patchwork duplex commercial housing, and so on. Most of these products will sell better than similar products, because enterprises put the development of added value of products in a very high position, greatly improving the original functional quality value of products. This is a matter of great benefit to enterprises. First, it reflects the technical strength and update speed of the enterprise. Second, it embodies the innovation and creativity of enterprises. Third, give consumers more convenient and effective product functions and services. Fourth, it is also the most practical point, which provides enterprises with a logical excuse to raise prices.
But now the products on the market all take high added value as the selling point of hype, and most of them are just superficial slogans. Because added value can't usurp the role of master, it's just icing on the cake. Before the excellent work is completed, any additional function is a burden to increase the price of household appliances without adding value. For example, if the quality of induction cooker is not up to standard, then its singing function is useless. In essence, TV is for watching; Air conditioning is used for refrigeration; Mobile phones are used for making phone calls, and induction cookers are used for cooking ... Because home appliances directly enter the family, the functional characteristics of home appliances are closely related to consumers' lives. Whether it is convenient and fast, whether it is safe and secure, and whether it is cheap and beautiful is the real market demand. So high added value is not only a concept and hype, but also a slogan and fashion.
High added value should be a kind of technical Excellence, meticulous details, reasonable price and dedication to service.
At this point, Op is worth learning. Consumers who have used aupu say, "aupu is safe and secure to use." This word of mouth comes from Op's ubiquitous attention to details. Since Edison invented the light bulb, the lamp cap and the glass cover of the light bulb have been glued together with cement. Yuba's heating bulb itself is relatively heavy and large. Coupled with high temperature for a long time, it is not uncommon for cement aging to cause light bulbs to fall off. The thread is designed at the joint between the glass shell of Aupu heating bulb and the lamp cap, which strengthens the connection between them and further ensures the safety of consumers. In addition, the Op heating bulb is made of materials with high temperature coefficient, which increases the temperature adaptability of the bulb. In addition, the innovative negative pressure technology in OPP heating foam can prevent glass splashing, which is unique. Therefore, compared with ... >>
Question 5: What is the added value of the product? It means improving more benefits of products, relying on more functions or improving efficiency, rather than simply raising prices.
Question 6: What does added value mean? Product added value refers to the added value created by intellectual labor (including technology, intellectual property rights, management experience, etc.). ), manual processing, equipment processing, circulation marketing, etc. , more than the value of raw materials. The value created by the production link and the value created by the circulation link are all part of the added value of products. Among them, high value-added products refer to the value created by intelligence accounting for the main proportion of added value, with high value growth, high economic benefits and high commodity profits. Low value-added products mean that the value created by intelligence accounts for a secondary proportion of the added value. Liangyu industrial design and Liangyu product design improve the added value of products. The following is the original text