Bian Que (407 BC - 310 BC) was a famous doctor in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. According to legend, the famous Chinese medicine classic "Difficult Classics" was written by Bian Que.

A native of Zheng, Bohai County (now Renqiu City, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province) during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Because of his superb medical skills, he was considered a miracle doctor, so people at that time called him by the name of "Bian Que", the miracle doctor of the Yellow Emperor in ancient mythology. When he was young, he studied medicine under Chang Sangjun, and he passed on his medical skills and forbidden prescriptions. He was good at various subjects. In Zhao he was a gynecologist, in Zhou he was an ENT surgeon, in Qin he was a pediatrician, and he was famous all over the world. The imperial doctor of Qin, Li Xi, was jealous of his inferior skills and had him assassinated. Bian Que established the pulse diagnosis method of traditional Chinese medicine and pioneered traditional Chinese medicine.

Biography of the character

Bian Que (407 BC - 310 BC), whose surname was Qin, given name was Sui, and whose courtesy name was Yue. His honorific title was Bian Que, and his nickname was Lu Yi. Bian Que was a famous medical scientist during the Warring States Period, ranking first among the five great medical scientists in ancient China.

When he was young, Bian Que managed a guest house for the nobles. He became a sworn sworn ally to the famous doctor Sang Jun and obtained his true biography. He has rich experience in medical practice and opposes witchcraft treatment. He was talented and good at absorbing the experience of previous generations and folk, and gradually mastered a variety of treatment methods. Later, his medical skills reached the level of proficiency, and he traveled to many countries. He traveled all over the country practicing medicine and was good at various subjects. He could tell where the disease was by looking at colors and listening to sounds. He led his disciples to practice medicine in various places. Because of his superb medical skills, he was revered as a miracle doctor by the common people at that time, and they borrowed the name of Bian Que, the miracle doctor of the Yellow Emperor in ancient mythology. Later, he treated King Wu of Qin, but the imperial physician Li Xi was jealous and sent someone to kill him.

Young Apprenticeship

When Bian Que was young, he was the manager of a guesthouse. A guest named Chang Sangjun came to the guest house. Only Bian Que thought he was a strange person and always treated him respectfully. Chang Sangjun also knew that Bian Que was not an ordinary person. He had been coming and going for more than ten years. One day, he asked Bian Que to sit with him and quietly said to Bian Que: "I have a secret medical prescription. I am old." I want to pass it on to you, so don’t let it out." Bian Que said, "Okay, as ordered." When he arrived at Handan, the capital of Zhao State (originally part of Shaanxi, now Handan City, Hebei Province), the local people valued women very much, so he became a gynecologist. Therefore, his prestige is even higher.

Later he took the Fudaoshe in Tangyin (now Tangyin County, Henan), crossed the Yellow River and passed through Changqing (now Changqing County, Shandong), and arrived in Linzi, the capital of Qi (now Changqing County, Shandong) in 357 BC. Today's Linzi County, Shandong). Tian Wu, Marquis Huan of Qi, sent someone to entertain him. When Marquis Huan received him, he looked at Marquis Huan's face and said, "Your illness lies in your pancreas. If you don't treat it, it will get worse." Marquis Huan replied, "I don't have any illness." After he left, Marquis Huan said to the people around him: "Medical medicine is good for benefits, and people want to take the benefit of not getting sick." Five days later, he saw Marquis Huan and said again: "You have a disease in your blood. If you don't treat it, you may get worse." "Huan Hou still replied: "I have no disease." After he resigned, Huan Hou felt very unhappy. A few days later, when he saw Marquis Huan again, he solemnly said: "You have a disease in your stomach and intestines. If you don't treat it, it will get worse." Marquis Huan was very unhappy and ignored him. A few days later, Bian Que saw Huan Hou again. Seeing Huan Hou's face, he ran away in surprise. Marquis Huan then sent someone to inquire about the cause, and he said: "The disease is located in the body, where soup and iron can reach it; in the blood vessels, where needles and stones can reach; in the intestines and stomach, where wine and mash can reach; it is in the bone marrow, even if the order is given, there is nothing you can do." Why, it's in the bone marrow, so I didn't ask for it." Shortly afterwards, Marquis Huan fell ill and sent someone to ask for treatment, but he had already gone to Qin via Wei. Marquis Huan eventually died due to a serious illness and ineffective treatment.

After leaving Linzi, the Qin and Yue people arrived in Daliang (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province), the capital of Wei State, in 354 BC. When he was in Daliang, he met King Wei Hui, the king of Wei. In 350 BC, they arrived in Xianyang, the capital of Qin. Later he returned to Daliang.

For a period of time around 355 BC, he and his disciples Ziyang, Zibao and others stayed there to practice medicine.

Around 317 BC, they traveled to Luoyang (Luoyang, Henan Province), the capital of Zhou Dynasty. They heard that the local people respected the elderly very much, so they were called "Ear and Eye Paramedics" (an ENT doctor, a mad doctor). Later they went to Xianyang.

In 310 BC, Bian Que came to Xianyang again. Because the people of Xianyang loved children very much, he became a "pediatric doctor". Bian Que and his disciples spared no effort and traveled more than 4,000 miles, traveling around the world to save people. They "followed the changes of the customs" and became "general practitioners" with very comprehensive medicine, medicine and skills.

Famous throughout the world

Bian Que’s fame spread throughout the world. When he arrived in Handan, he heard that the locals respected women, so he became a doctor to treat women's diseases; when he arrived in Luoyang, he heard that the Zhou people respected the elderly, so he became a doctor specializing in treating deafness, eyesight, dizziness, and limb paralysis; when he arrived in Xianyang, he heard that the Qin people loved When a child is a child, he becomes a doctor who treats children's diseases; he changes the scope of his treatment according to the customs of various places. Li Xi, the imperial physician of Qin, knew that his medical skills were not as good as Bian Que's, so he sent someone to assassinate Bian Que. Everyone in the world who talks about pulse diagnosis follows Bian Que's theory and practice.

The story of the murder

King Wu of Qin held a tripod-lifting competition with the warriors. Unexpectedly, he injured his waist and suffered unbearable pain. He took medicine from the imperial doctor Li Xi (yinxi) and did not recover. Getting better and getting worse. Someone told King Wu that Bian Que, the miracle doctor, had arrived in Qin. King Wu sent a message to Bian Que to enter the palace. Bian Que looked at King Wu's expression, felt his pulse, massaged his waist a few times, and let King Wu move a few times. King Wu immediately felt much better. Then King Wu was given another dose of decoction, and his symptoms completely disappeared. King Wu was overjoyed and wanted to make Bian Que the imperial physician. After Li Xi found out, he was worried that Bian Que would surpass him in the future, so he tried his best to obstruct him in front of King Wu, saying that Bian Que was just a "reckless wandering doctor". King Wu was dubious, but he did not give up the idea of ??re-employing Bian Que.

Li Xi decided to get rid of Bian Que, a personal nuisance, and sent two assassins to kill Bian Que, but they were discovered by Bian Que's disciples and escaped temporarily. Bian Que had no choice but to leave Qin State, and they walked along the path north of Lishan Mountain. Li Xi sent assassins dressed as hunters to rob and kill Bian Que on the way.

Writings

"Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" contains "Bian Que Nei Jing" and "Bian Que Wai Jing", both of which are lost. The existing "Difficult Classic" was written by a descendant named Bian Que.

Anecdotes and allusions

Bian Que changed his mind

Lu Gonghu and Zhao Qiying had a minor illness, so they asked Bian Que to treat their illness. The Duke said: "You have a strong ambition but a weak body. You have plans but are not decisive. Qi Ying, you have a weak ambition but a good body. You have no plans but are too persistent. If you exchange your hearts, you can balance The disease was cured." Bian Que made the two of them drink medicinal wine, and they were unconscious for many days. He cut open their chests and found their hearts, placed them interchangeably, and then gave them the magic medicine. After a while, he woke up and was as healthy as before. Later, the two of them said goodbye to Bian Que and went home.

Resurrection

Once Bian Que came to Guo State and heard that the prince of Guo State had died violently less than half a day ago and had not yet been buried. So he rushed to the palace gate and told the concubine that he could resurrect the prince. The concubine thought that what he said was nonsense. There was no reason for resurrection after death. Bian Que sighed and said: "If you don't believe me, you can try to examine the prince. You should be able to hear the ringing in his ears, see that his nose is swollen, and there is still a feeling of warmth from his thighs to his vagina." After hearing this, the concubine hurriedly entered. After the palace report, Guojun was shocked and came out to greet Bian Que in person.

Bian Que said: "The disease that the prince suffered from is the so-called 'Xi Jue'. Humans accept the two qi of yin and yang between heaven and earth. The prince's yin and yang qi are now out of balance, and the internal and external qi are blocked, as well as the upper and lower parts. As a result, the prince's qi and pulse are chaotic, his face is pale, he has lost consciousness, and his appearance is as quiet as death. In fact, Bian Que ordered his disciples to die. Assist in first aid with acupuncture and prick the Prince's three Yang and Five Hui acupoints. Soon the prince really woke up. Bian Que added and subtracted the prescription again, making the prince sit up. He also used the decoction to adjust the yin and yang. After more than 20 days, the prince's illness was cured.

After this incident came out, people said that Bian Que had the unique skill of bringing back the dead.

Evaluation of Characters

Sima Qian said in "Historical Records: Biography of Bian Quecang Gong": "If a woman is not beautiful or evil, she will be jealous when she lives in the palace; if a scholar is not virtuous and unworthy, he will be suspicious when he enters the court." . So Bian Que saw disaster with his tricks, and Cang Gong hid himself and was punished. The father was able to live in peace. Therefore, Laozi said, "Beautiful things are unlucky." How can we say that Bian Que is evil?" /p>

Japanese physician Teng Weiyin said: "Bian Que is a miracle doctor in ancient times."

Influence on later generations

Bian Que laid the foundation for the traditional medical diagnosis of the motherland. . No wonder Sima Qian praised him and said: "Bian Que talked about medicine and was the leader of prescriptions. He was shrewd in keeping numbers and followed the order in later generations. It is impossible to change."

He spent his whole life carefully summarizing the past. People and folk experience, combined with his own medical practice, have made outstanding contributions to the motherland's medicine in diagnosis, pathology and treatment. Bian Que's medical experience occupies an important position in the history of medicine in my country and has a great influence on the development of medicine in my country. Therefore, the medical community has always respected Bian Que as the founder of ancient Chinese medicine, saying that he was "the medical sage of China" and "the founder of ancient medicine." Fan Wenlan called him "the first person to summarize experience" in "Compendium of General History of China". one person".