Detailed explanation of the fourteen simple processes of foreign trade export
1. Quotation:
In international trade, the inquiry and quotation of products are generally used as the basis of trade. start. Among them, the quotation for export products mainly includes: the quality level of the product, the specifications and models of the product, whether the product has special packaging requirements, the quantity of the product purchased, the delivery time requirements, the transportation method of the product, the material of the product, etc. .
The more commonly used quotations include: FOB "free on board", CNF "cost and freight", CIF "cost, insurance and freight" and other forms.
2. Ordering (signing)
After the trading parties reach an intention on the quotation, the buyer's company formally places an order and negotiates with the seller's company on some related matters. After both parties negotiate and approve, they need to sign "Purchase Contract". In the process of signing the "Purchase Contract", we mainly discuss the product name, specifications and models, quantity, price, packaging, origin, shipping period, payment terms, settlement method, claims, arbitration, etc., and the agreement reached after the negotiation Write the "Purchase Contract". This marks the official start of export operations. Under normal circumstances, a purchase contract signed in duplicate shall be valid with the official seal of the company stamped by both parties, and each party shall keep one copy.
3. Letter of Credit Payment Method
Letter of credit is divided into two categories: clean letter of credit and documentary letter of credit. A documentary letter of credit refers to a letter of credit with specified documents attached, and a letter of credit without any documents is called a clean letter of credit. Simply put, a letter of credit is a guarantee document that guarantees the exporter to recover the payment for the goods. Please note that the shipment period of export goods should be within the validity period of the L/C, and the L/C presentation period must be submitted no later than the validity date of the L/C.
Letter of credit is the most common method of payment in international trade. The issuance date of the letter of credit should be clear, clear and complete. Several state-owned commercial banks in China, such as Bank of China, China Construction Bank, Agricultural Bank of China, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, etc., are all able to issue letters of credit (the issuance fees of these major banks are 1.5% of the issuance amount) ‰). 2. TT payment method: TT payment method is settled in foreign exchange cash. Your customer will remit the money to the foreign exchange bank account designated by your company. You can require remittance within a certain period after the goods arrive. 3. Direct payment method: refers to direct delivery payment between the buyer and seller. 4. Stocking: Stocking plays a decisive role in the entire trade process and must be implemented one by one in accordance with the contract. The main verification contents of stock preparation are as follows: (1) The quality and specifications of the goods should be verified according to the requirements of the contract. (2) Quantity of goods: Ensure that the quantity requirements of the contract or letter of credit are met. (3) Preparation time: It should be based on the provisions of the letter of credit and combined with the shipping schedule to facilitate the connection of ships and cargo.
4. Stocking
Stocking plays an important role in the entire trade process and must be implemented one by one in accordance with the contract. The main verification contents of stock preparation are as follows:
1. The quality and specifications of the goods should be verified according to the requirements of the contract.
2. Quantity of goods: Ensure that the quantity requirements of the contract or letter of credit are met.
3. Preparation time: It should be based on the provisions of the letter of credit and combined with the shipping schedule to facilitate the connection of ships and cargos.
5. Packaging
You can choose the packaging form (such as cartons, wooden boxes, woven bags, etc.) according to different goods. Different packaging forms have different packaging requirements.
1. General export packaging standards: Packaging according to common standards for trade exports.
2. Special export packaging standards: Export goods are packaged according to the special requirements of customers.
3. The packaging and shipping marks (shipping marks) of the goods: they should be carefully inspected and verified to ensure that they comply with the provisions of the letter of credit
6. Customs clearance procedures
Customs clearance procedures are extremely cumbersome and important. If you cannot clear customs smoothly, the transaction cannot be completed.
1. Export commodities subject to statutory inspection must obtain an export commodity inspection certificate.
At present, my country's import and export commodity inspection work mainly includes four links:
○Accepting inspection application: Inspection application means that the foreign trade relations person applies to the commodity inspection agency for inspection.
○ Sampling: After the commodity inspection agency accepts the inspection application, it will promptly send personnel to the cargo storage location to conduct on-site inspection and identification.
○Inspection: After accepting the inspection application, the commodity inspection agency will carefully study the declared inspection items and determine the inspection content. And carefully review the quality, specifications, and packaging provisions of the contract (letter of credit), clarify the basis for inspection, and determine the inspection standards and methods. (Inspection methods include sampling inspection, instrumental analysis inspection; physical inspection; sensory inspection; microbial inspection, etc.)
○Certificate issuance: In terms of export, all export commodities listed in the "Type List" will be subject to commodity inspection After the agency passes the inspection, it will issue a release order (or stamp a release stamp on the "Export Goods Declaration Form" in place of the release order).
2. Professional personnel holding customs declaration certificates must go to the customs to handle customs clearance procedures with packing lists, invoices, customs declaration power of attorney, export settlement verification forms, copies of export goods contracts, export commodity inspection certificates and other documents. .
○The packing list is the packing details of export products provided by the exporter.
○ Invoice is a certificate of export products provided by the exporter. ! f* W h8 F5 _
○The customs declaration power of attorney is a certificate that a unit or individual without customs declaration capabilities entrusts a customs declaration agency to perform customs declaration.
○Export verification form is applied by the exporting unit to the foreign exchange bureau. It refers to a document for units with export capabilities to obtain export tax rebates.
○ The commodity inspection certificate is obtained after passing the inspection by the entry-exit inspection and quarantine department or its designated inspection agency. It is the collective name for various import and export commodity inspection certificates, identification certificates and other certificates. It is a valid document with a legal basis for all parties involved in foreign trade to perform contractual obligations, handle claims and disputes, negotiate and arbitrate, and provide evidence in litigation. It is also a necessary proof for customs inspection and release, collection of tariffs, and preferential or reduction of tariffs.
7. Booking
1. Make a power of attorney (ten copies of the order); when making the order, the accuracy and consistency of the data in the original order should be ensured to the greatest extent to reduce the need for subsequent Frequent changes in processes. 2. Booking with the company's booking stamp: If booking attachments (such as the shipping company's price confirmation) are required, they should be prepared together before booking. 3. Obtain the space allocation receipt and extract the ship name, voyage, and bill of lading number information.
8. Packing 1. Door to door:
Complete the packing plan: packing time, ship name, voyage, customs order number, transit port, destination port, Gross weight, number of pieces, volume, door point, contact person, phone number and other factors must be arranged 1 to 2 days before the customs cut-off date (two days before the shipping date). 2. Inner packaging: Fill in the packing plan: shipping date and ship name, customs order number, transit port, destination port, gross weight, number of pieces, volume, entry number and other factors, prior to the customs cut-off date (two days before the shipping date) ) Arrange the bus schedule in 1 to 2 days. 3. Obtain the packing list (CLP) obtained by the two packing methods
9. Customs declaration (sometimes at the same time, sometimes before packing)
1. Understand the customs declaration of common export goods Required information. ① Commodity inspection is required ② Quota is required ③ License is required ④ Certificate of origin is required ⑤ Trademark authorization and trademark name are required ⑥ If the value of exported goods to Hong Kong exceeds $100,000 and other regions exceeds $500,000, a foreign exchange settlement slip (copy) must be provided when writing off ⑦ A conference price verification seal is required
2. Fill in the ship name, voyage number, bill of lading number, corresponding packing list, invoice, gross and net weight displayed, number of pieces, packaging type, amount, and volume , review the correctness of the customs declaration form (the documents are consistent).
3. Display the "Chinese product name" of the goods included in the customs declaration, compare it with the customs code collection, check the product code, check whether the two are consistent, determine the measurement unit according to the code, and click on the supervision conditions listed by the customs The reading office lacks customs declaration requirements.
4. Prepare the customs declaration power of attorney, customs declaration form, manual, invoice, packing list, verification form, space allocation receipt (after the fifth page of the ten-part form), and change order (if necessary) and other required information must be cleared the day before the customs cutoff.
5. Track the station receipt to ensure it is loaded onto the ship.
6. For any customs clearance and relocation, if there is a next voyage, the shipment will still require documents such as licenses, quotas, commodity inspections, animal and plant inspections, etc., for customs clearance and relocation The notification should arrive one week before the configured shipping date so that (the shipping department) can successfully retrieve the data and reuse it. Otherwise it will only delay the shipping date and cause trouble.
10. Confirmation and modification of bill of lading
1. Ask the customer about the issuance form of the "bill of lading":
① Telex release: The customer is required to provide the original "telephone release" "Letter of Guarantee" (leave the bottom), and then issue the company's "Letter of Guarantee" to the shipping company for release via telex.
② Advance loan (if feasible) The customer is required to provide the original "Advance Loan Guarantee" (leave the bottom), and then issue the company's "Letter of Guarantee" to the shipping company for advance loan.
③ Backdating (if feasible) The customer is required to provide the original "Letter of Guarantee" (leave the bottom), and then issue the company's "Letter of Guarantee" to the shipping company for backdating.
(to ensure tax refund), and then split one customs order into multiple customs orders.
⑤ Consolidation of orders: You should wait 3 to 4 days after the ship sails (the manifest is delivered to the customs to ensure tax refund), and then combine multiple customs orders into one customs order
⑥ Release of orders in a different place: The order can be released only after obtaining the consent of the shipping company and obtaining the cargo owner's letter of guarantee and the contact person, telephone number, fax, company name, address, etc. for receiving orders in a different place.
2. Based on the original information, fax it to the cargo owner for confirmation, and confirm the correct content of the bill of lading based on the reply.
11. Sign the bill
1. Check whether each original bill of lading is fully signed and stamped. 2. Is hand signature required?
8. Voyage Fee Settlement
1. Ocean freight: ① Prepaid (FREIGHT PREPAID) ② Collect (FREIGHT COLLECT)
2. Land freight: ① Booking ② Customs declaration (including fees for customs declaration before returning to customs) ③ Making boxes (internal loading/door to door)
④ Other fees that should be considered]" o: Port clearance fee/customs clearance fee: Commodity inspection, animal and plant inspection, delivery fees, express fees, telex release, changes
12. Bill of lading, invoice issuance (bill of lading sample) 1. If the owner picks up the package himself, a signature is required 2. Through EMS. If delivered by express delivery, factors such as "bill of lading number", "invoice number", "verification order number", "license number", "quota number", etc. should be marked on the "name and address list" for future verification
13. The settlement of voyage expenses should be supervised within one month and the "Tax Refund Verification Form" returned to the owner of the cargo in a timely manner
14. If there is a problem with the customs tax refund, it needs to be changed and requested Provide the following information:
l. If the customs declaration data is correct but the manifest is incorrect
① A copy of the pre-recorded customs declaration form returned by the customs;
② A copy of the station receipt (the seventh page of the ten-part bill is the yellow page);
③ Two copies of the original bill of lading;
④ Packing list (Container Load Plan) copy;
⑤ Correction form (three copies, original).
2. Short-packing (over-reporting, under-delivery), over-packing (under-reporting, under-delivery)
① Failure to make timely corrections within 5 days of departure (working days):
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Pay a fine of 3,000-5,000 first;;
The owner of the cargo re-provides the invoice and packing list (Packing list). The owner of the cargo re-provides a copy of the customs declaration and bill of lading (stamped with "Copy of Bill of Lading Confirmed" "Stamp"). ② A copy of the bill of lading that has been changed within 5 days (working days) of the ship's departure (stamped with the "Bill of Lading Copy Confirmation Stamp"). Original, correct customs declaration form' Original, correct invoice, packing list