1, administrative institutions: refers to institutions that undertake administrative examination and approval functions, including administrative law enforcement. The reform direction is to transfer all administrative examination and approval functions to administrative organs. Administrative agencies are divided into three categories according to the whole, main and part of administrative functions. If we go all out, all the responsibilities of the unit will be assigned to the competent department and the unit will be revoked; Those who mainly undertake and partially undertake administrative functions are included in the integration or retention of government agencies and units.
After the reform of administrative institutions is completed, the establishment of such institutions will not be approved in the future. Because the administrative department is also reforming, simplifying administration and decentralizing power, and reducing the establishment, it is impossible to adjust the personnel and establishment to the administrative department according to the principle of "establishment goes with the matter, and people go with the establishment", and administrative organs are not allowed to use administrative and career establishment at the same time. Therefore, after the adjustment of functions, the personnel will be diverted to other institutions and remain civil servants. Because the team is too large, law enforcement agencies still retain the attributes of public institutions, but also cancel the way of public institutions participating in public management, and public institutions will no longer participate in public management in the future.
2. Public welfare institutions: Public welfare institutions are divided into public welfare category I and public welfare category II according to the proportion of undertaking public welfare functions. The first type of public welfare is to fully or mainly undertake the public welfare service function, and the second type of public welfare is to partially undertake the public welfare service function and also undertake the function of charging or income. Public welfare organizations are the mainstream direction of future institutions. Whether it is integrated or established separately, it will not affect the nature of its institutions. Second-class public welfare organizations should not only integrate their public welfare service functions and move closer to the first-class public welfare organizations, but also push the functions of charging, income and intermediary to the society and the market to achieve fair and free competition.
3. Production and operation institutions: All institutions that are self-supporting and have production products and operating income will be completely separated from the sequence of institutions, restructured into enterprises, and operated independently, realizing the separation of management and operation, and separating government from enterprises. After the enterprise restructuring, regular employees are diverted to work in other institutions, and contract management personnel and self-supporting personnel are all pushed to the society to choose their own jobs. All self-supporting, self-management and fund-raising undertakings were cancelled.
Two, according to the financial support, institutions can be divided into full, difference institutions and self-supporting institutions. There are also strict differences between full-time career preparation and differential career preparation, which are counted separately. With the reform, self-supporting institutions will all disappear, and the difference institutions will gradually divest their income functions except township hospitals, with fewer institutions and fewer personnel.
Three, according to the management mode, institutions are divided into public institutions and non-public institutions. Participating in public service refers to the institutions managed by referring to the civil service law. Its personnel management, salary and promotion methods are the same as those of civil servants, only using career establishment. This part of the unit mainly refers to institutions that undertake administrative functions and administrative law enforcement functions. After the reform of public institutions, institutions that participate in public affairs will also cancel the nature of participating in public affairs, and institutions will no longer have the argument of whether to participate in public affairs. Institutions shall be managed by reference to the Provisional Regulations on the Administration of Institutions, or by reference to the Civil Service Law if there are no provisions in the officially promulgated management measures, laws and regulations.
The formal classification of public institutions is basically these categories. Others are classified by industry and habit. It's easier to understand, so I won't introduce them one by one.
In fact, there are many classifications of public institutions. For example, the distribution method can be divided into full funding institutions, balance distribution institutions and self-supporting institutions.
But in our daily life, we often meet two kinds: ordinary institutions and public institutions.
On April 2012 16, the state issued the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Reform of Public Institutions by Classification. Three types of institutions are classified to promote reform.
The first category is institutions engaged in public welfare services, the second category is institutions undertaking administrative functions, and the third category is institutions engaged in production and business activities at the same time.
Institutions engaged in public welfare services are divided into public welfare 1, 2 and 3 categories according to manufacturing tasks, service targets and resource allocation methods. For example, schools and primary health institutions in the compulsory stage are public welfare institutions, and the state will attach great importance to them.
For institutions that undertake administrative functions, they can be gradually converted into government administrative establishment, provided that the number of places and the total establishment of government agencies cannot be exceeded.
For the production and operation of public institutions, the basic principle is to promote the transformation to enterprises, and to ensure a smooth transition, a five-year transition policy is also implemented.
For public institutions, it is necessary to comprehensively strengthen the public welfare attributes of public institutions and rationalize the system and mechanism.
In the future, the public welfare nature of public institutions will be further highlighted, and administrative functions and production and operation functions will be separated. Institutions will become pure public service units, important organizations in building a service-oriented government, and the main force in providing public services and realizing the core functions of public services.
Institutions refer to social service organizations established by the government using state-owned assets to engage in education, science and technology, culture, health and other activities. Institutions accept the leadership of the government and are legal entities in the form of organizations or institutions.
Institutions are generally public welfare institutions established by the state, but they are not government agencies and are different from civil servants. Under normal circumstances, the state will give financial subsidies to these institutions, which are divided into fully funded institutions and balance allocation institutions, and there is also an independent institution that is not funded by the state.
The obvious characteristics of public institutions are the suffix of center, conference, institute, station and brigade, such as accounting center, health supervision institute, judicial office, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, quality supervision station and safety production supervision brigade. The second-level bureau is also a public institution. Institutions are divided into institutions and ordinary institutions. Ordinary institutions are divided into fully funded institutions, balance allocation institutions and self-supporting institutions. After participating in the civil service reform, institutions enroll students in the provincial civil service recruitment examination, and ordinary institutions enroll students in the public service recruitment examination.
1. Providing public services: The function of public institutions is actually to provide public products, which is the basic condition for the emergence and existence of public institutions. Institutions in the fields of science, education, culture and health are social service support systems to ensure the normal political, economic and cultural life of the country.
2. Belonging to a non-public authority: most of the undertakings engaged in by public institutions are specific affairs derived from government functions, but they do not belong to public administrative authorities and have no public administrative power. There can be no subordinate relationship between the leaders and the led similar institutions, and there is no administrative function for other departments or individuals within the administrative division. They can only use their professional knowledge and expertise to provide social services such as education, culture, science and technology.
3. It belongs to knowledge-intensive organizations: most institutions are knowledge-intensive organizations with mental work as the main body, and professionals are the main personnel of institutions. It is the basic social function of public institutions to provide services to all aspects of society by using scientific and cultural knowledge.
4. Localization of funding sources: China's institutions are basically funded by the state finance, which is a basic feature of China's traditional business management system. With the deepening and development of institutional reform in public institutions, the sources of funds in public institutions are increasingly diversified, but the national financial allocation still dominates the funds of public institutions. At present, the main sources of funds for public institutions in China are financial subsidies and non-financial subsidies.
5. Extensiveness of the scope of public institutions: The scope of public institutions involves education, science and technology, culture, health, sports and other industries and fields. Its main body is diverse and its scale is grand.
Folding function feature
1. service. This is the most basic and distinctive feature of public institutions. Institutions are mainly distributed in teaching, science, culture, health and other fields, and are social service support systems to ensure the normal political, economic and cultural life of the country.
2. Public welfare. Public welfare is determined by the social function of public institutions and the requirements of market economic system. Under the condition of socialist market economy, the market plays a decisive role in resource allocation, but in some fields, some products or services, such as education, health, basic research, municipal management, etc. , cannot or cannot be provided by the market. However, in order to ensure the normal progress of social life, the government should organize, manage or entrust social public service institutions to engage in the production of social public goods to meet social development and public demand. What institutions pursue first is social benefits. At the same time, under the premise of ensuring social benefits, some institutions charge certain service fees to the units or individuals receiving services in accordance with state regulations, so as to realize the healthy development of institutions and a virtuous circle of social service system.
3. knowledge-intensive The vast majority of institutions are knowledge-intensive organizations with mental work as the main body, and professionals are the main personnel of institutions. It is the main means for institutions to provide services for all aspects of society by using scientific and cultural knowledge. Although public institutions are not mainly engaged in the production of material products, they play an important role in promoting social progress because of their position in the field of science, technology and culture, are an important part of social productive forces and occupy a core position in the national scientific and technological innovation system.
The classification reform of public institutions has really opened the prelude to the reform of public institutions, which is also the most critical step in the reform of public institutions. Only by accurately classifying the chaotic institutions according to their functions can we lay the foundation for the next wage reform of institutions. At present, the state divides institutions into three categories:
An administrative institution is an institution that performs state administrative functions or is authorized by an administrative unit to enforce the law (the entrusted law enforcement institution cannot be classified as an administrative institution). The state is particularly cautious in the division of administrative institutions. Many grass-roots stations perform administrative functions, but they are still listed as first-class institutions. Because the state wants to control the number of administrative posts, it can't let reform become benefit sharing.
Public welfare institutions are divided into public welfare institutions, public welfare institutions and public welfare institutions. Public welfare institutions mainly undertake social public welfare service units such as compulsory education, primary health care and culture, mainly including primary health centers, primary and secondary schools, libraries and cultural centers. Generally, there are sufficient funds. Public welfare second-class institutions are institutions engaged in public welfare services but with certain income capacity, mainly universities and hospitals at or above the county level. Such institutions are generally differential finance. The three types of public welfare institutions refer to those institutions that have certain social welfare attributes, but have full profitability, but are not suitable for directly facing the society, mainly scientific research institutes and survey institutes. , are generally self-supporting.
Institutions engaged in production and business activities have almost no social welfare attributes, and are suitable for direct marketing and transformation into enterprises. Such units include waterworks, design institutes and quality inspection centers. After being transformed into an enterprise, it is basically out of touch with finance and becomes an independent legal person.
That's all I know. Welcome to supplement the discussion!
How are institutions classified at present? Xiao Hang Bora has answered this question for you. At present, institutions are mainly divided into five categories: A, B, C, D and E.
Class a: comprehensive management class
Mainly suitable for administrative, business and business management positions.
Class b: social science and technology
Mainly suitable for professional and technical posts in humanities and social sciences.
Class c: major in natural science.
Mainly suitable for natural science professional and technical posts.
Class d: primary and secondary school teachers.
Mainly suitable for teachers in primary and secondary schools, technical secondary schools and other educational institutions.
Class e: medical care
Mainly suitable for professional and technical posts in medical and health institutions.
Class A is called administrative post, class BC is called technical post, and class DE is called professional post.
ABC exam subjects mainly include: vocational aptitude test and comprehensive application ability.
DE exam subjects mainly include: vocational aptitude test, comprehensive application ability and basic knowledge of public affairs.
According to the nature of public institutions, they can be divided into public welfare and public welfare.
In the past, institutions were divided into categories such as difference and full amount. Now this classification method is no longer adopted, but institutions are divided into two categories, one is public welfare and the other is public welfare.
According to the responsibilities, tasks, service targets and resource allocation methods, institutions engaged in public welfare services are divided into two categories: those who undertake basic public welfare services such as compulsory education at the grass-roots level, basic scientific research, public culture, public health and basic medical services, and those who cannot or should not allocate resources by the market, are classified as public welfare;
Undertaking public welfare services such as higher education and non-profit medical care that can be partially allocated by the market is classified as public welfare category II. Specific by the local combined with practical research to determine.
If you want to apply for a public institution, you should make clear the classified position of the public institution before applying for it. After applying for it, you don't know whether this position belongs to public welfare or public welfare.
Of course, when you apply for career planning, you will always clearly mark this position in the post registration form. No matter whether it belongs to public welfare category I or public welfare category II, you will mark some basic information of the whole unit in the post table.
Which standard is higher depends on the specific job requirements. Some positions are really demanding. For example, institutions such as scientific research or hospitals have higher requirements for candidates' academic qualifications and professional conditions. If you apply for general colleges and universities, your academic qualifications and professional requirements are relatively low.
At present, institutions are divided into three categories: administrative law enforcement, production operators and public welfare. According to the reform and development direction of public institutions, public institutions undertaking government administrative functions will be gradually transformed into public participation or administrative institutions; public institutions undertaking production and operation functions will be gradually transformed into enterprises; Institutions undertaking public welfare services will gradually turn into public welfare organizations, gradually weakening the impression of system establishment and highlighting the functions of public welfare services.
Judging from the situation of reform, I personally think that the overall impact of full funding institutions is not great. Fully funded institutions are mainly concentrated in administrative and public welfare categories. Some fully funded institutions with administrative law enforcement functions have been converted into civil servants or public officials, and the remaining steps will be changed one after another. As for schools, libraries, museums, science and technology museums, sports centers and other fully funded institutions, the next step of reform will be adjusted, but the overall structure and personnel nature will not change greatly, so there is no need to worry about breaking away from the system and becoming corporate identity.
It is a balance allocation or self-supporting institution with the nature of production and operation, such as state-owned publishing houses, hotels, canteens, guest houses and theaters, including various state-owned tourism companies, scenic spots and parks. It has not been reorganized before. Personally, I believe that the next step, whether it is overall change or gradual advancement, will be a transformation to enterprises.
The staff of the Personnel Management Section of the People's Social Security Bureau and institutions will answer your questions.
At present, the classification reform of public institutions is mainly the functional work undertaken by the editorial office.
According to the source of funds, it can be divided into three types: full funding, balance allocation and self-supporting. Among them, the full funding agency is the main body. What's more special is the township hospitals. Theoretically, the units that provide basic medical services should be fully financed. However, at present, due to the profitability of township hospitals, the local government has designated the source of funds for hospitals as surplus funds in order to alleviate the financial eye. Today, with the continuous advancement of urbanization, this directly leads to difficulties in the operation of many health centers, and the basic treatment of employees cannot be retained.
According to the functions undertaken, it can be divided into administrative institutions, public welfare institutions and production and operation institutions. Among them, public welfare organizations are the main body. Public welfare institutions can be divided into public welfare institutions and public welfare institutions. Services that cannot be configured and provided by the market should be completely covered by finance, mostly for public welfare. Institutions that provide compulsory education and basic medical services. The market can be partially allocated and used for public welfare. Such as public hospitals at or above the county level, environmental sanitation services, etc.
At present, most institutions that undertake administrative functions have completed the examination and approval with reference to the management of civil servants, and their participation in the examination and approval of public affairs will soon be completely stopped. Not only that, because the function of participating in official business examination and approval is transferred from the human resources department to the organization department, a new round of examination and approval may be carried out, and the previously approved participation in official business may be cancelled. At present, there are precedents in Jiangsu.
The transformation of production and business institutions into enterprises is a trend and an absolutely necessary reform. Therefore, this part of the staff should be psychologically prepared. Generally speaking, the disadvantages outweigh the advantages. Some people say that after the enterprise restructuring, the salary system will be more flexible and the treatment will be generally improved. However, the same protection value will be reduced. In addition, the difference between turning an enterprise into a private enterprise or a state-owned enterprise is huge. In the short term, the acquirer may gain huge benefits by turning to private enterprises, but in the long run, the management system and thinking of private enterprises may be unfavorable to the employees who have been restructured.
After the classification reform is completed, the remaining units will soon be more stable.
In essence, the most obvious feature of public institutions is that they are not for profit, or are non-profit organizations. We often hear a combination word-government, enterprises and institutions, that is, government, enterprises and institutions, which constitute the basic framework of China society.
The most important function of public institutions is service, which can be divided into the following categories.
The first is medical and health institutions. Such institutions include public hospitals, health and epidemic prevention, family planning and so on. And provide medical, health, epidemic prevention and health care services for the society.
There is a problem. Do private hospitals belong to institutions? The answer is no, strictly speaking, private medical institutions are for-profit organizations, belonging to enterprises rather than institutions.
The second is educational institutions. These institutions are mainly public educational institutions, including kindergartens, primary and secondary schools, universities and vocational education institutions, which provide educational services for the society.
The same question, do private universities belong to public institutions? The answer is also no, private education structure is also for profit, belonging to enterprise units.
The third is scientific research institutions. Such institutions include natural science, social science, comprehensive science and other units, mainly providing research and development services for various national science and technology.
The fourth is cultural institutions. Such institutions include libraries, radio and television, newspapers and magazines, literature and art (such as cultural palaces and cultural relics museums). And provide culture, art, news, books and other services for the society.
The fifth category is transportation institutions. Such institutions include highway maintenance, construction supervision, highway transportation, transportation fee collection, navigation function and other institutions. And provide transportation services for the society.
The sixth category is social welfare institutions. Such institutions include structures such as foster care, rehabilitation, funeral, sports, sports competitions and sports facilities construction, and provide welfare services for the society.
The seventh category is urban institutions. Such institutions include landscaping, urban environmental sanitation, municipal maintenance and management, real estate services and other institutions to provide public services to the society.
The eighth category is intellectual property institutions. Such institutions include patent, trademark and copyright institutions, which provide public intellectual property services for the society.
The eighth category is institutions related to natural disasters and the environment. Such institutions include earthquake observation and prevention, fire safety, marine protection, environmental standards, environmental monitoring, standard measurement, technical supervision and quality monitoring, and provide disaster prevention, environment and quality services for the society.
There are several factors that distinguish institutions: first, they are under the jurisdiction of the government; Second, not for profit, the main performance is not IPO (listing).
Finally, make a little supplement:
1. Since the public services of some institutions cannot be for profit, they must "strengthen themselves" with service as the core purpose, rather than income, such as public hospitals and public educational institutions.
2. Say that some institutions should go to the market, participate in market competition, and let them become enterprises. This deviates from the "service characteristics of public institutions".
3. The operational labor of some institutions is outsourced to some enterprises, especially private enterprises, to reduce the burden of institutions. So who is the operation outsourced manually? This is very important. This situation will lead to "collusion" and "mutual benefit" behavior.
4. Many institutions are operating units for the benefit of the people, but they should still focus on "career". The ideal of public institutions should be to do a good job in "social service".
Give you a simple and clear standard answer that you can remember at a glance:
Institutions can be divided into participating institutions, fully funded institutions, differential institutions and self-supporting institutions. The same unit can have a mixture of the above properties, mainly depending on what kind of identity you belong to.
The staff of public institutions can be simply divided into: cadre staffing, staff staffing and supernumerary self-employed personnel.
Specifically, it is divided into: those who participate in public welfare undertakings, those who fully allocate funds, those who differ, and those who support themselves.
The above all belong to the staff within the national system and establishment. In addition, there will be another kind of personnel, namely auxiliary personnel, who belong to supernumerary personnel, such as labor dispatch personnel and temporary workers. This kind of personnel belongs to the supernumerary personnel of the units within the system.