Zhuge Liang (181.4.14～234.8.28), courtesy name Kongming, nickname Wolong, Han nationality, native of Yangdu, Langya, prime minister of Shu Han Dynasty, an outstanding military strategist, statesman, diplomat, astronomer during the Three Kingdoms period, Meteorologists, psychologists, physicists, chemists, calligraphers, writers

Zhuge Liang’s ten greatest inventions are:

1. A wooden cow and a flowing horse

Zhuge Liang started his northern expedition from Hanzhong to Cao Wei. Due to the rugged journey, it was inconvenient for the army to transport food. When he left Qishan in the fifth year, he invented this kind of transportation tool for convenience, which was called: wooden ox and flowing horse. Its structure is very similar to that of cattle and horses. The legs are made of rough wood. It is said that a wooden cow and a flowing horse can carry a year's worth of grain and can travel twenty miles a day, and can walk on rugged mountain roads. The wooden cow and flowing horse allowed Shu soldiers to march quickly on the dangerous Shu roads, which made a great contribution to the transportation of military supplies at that time. Not only does it have a large load capacity, but it also requires no added power. It doesn't eat, drink, poop or pee. It can walk freely just by turning its tongue. The invention and use of wooden oxen and flowing horses was a major reform for transportation at that time and now. It is a pity that the manufacturing process of wooden cows and flowing horses at that time was a high degree of state secret and was not widely promoted and applied among the people. Therefore, it was lost not long after the death of the inventor Zhuge Liang, which is very regrettable. It is speculated that its structural principle is a combination of a winch and a ropeway. Its core part is a set of bevel gear transmission devices that turn the winch pushed in the horizontal direction into vertical rotation. This tool is more advanced than the current one and does not require energy. Or it can be understood as a perpetual motion machine that violates the laws of physics, and is also the prototype of the world's earliest robot. A wooden cow and a stray horse are green, environmentally friendly, energy-efficient, convenient and affordable, low-cost, no noise and pollution-free, with "0" fuel consumption per 100 kilometers. Who wouldn't want a "horse" like this!

2. Eight Formation Diagram

The Eight Formation Diagram is a formation method. It was a military formation created by Zhuge Liang after he came out of the mountain. He called it the Bagua Army Formation. Because Shu is very mountainous, the army is mainly infantry who are accustomed to fighting in mountains and forests. Once they go north to the Central Plains, it will be difficult to compete with Wei's cavalry. In order to improve the combat effectiveness of the Shu army, Zhuge Liang changed the ancient eight formations and became the eight formations that were praised by later generations. The Eight Formation Diagram has eight rows vertically and horizontally, using a carriage as the main bunker, and commanding the army with drums and flags. The soldiers are arranged in a trigram shape, with eight gates for entry and eight gates for exit. This formation is not easy to break, is good at confusing the enemy, and can be changed into many formations. Zhuge Liang later modified this formation many times, and evolved from a military formation into a stone formation and a horse formation. If you use this formation, no matter how strong your soldiers and horses are, and how brave you are, once you get lost in the formation, it will be difficult for you to win.

3. Zhuge Crossbow

The Zhuge Crossbow, also known as the Zhuge Liannu, is a bow and arrow that can be fired continuously. It was a very powerful weapon at the time. It was used by Zhuge Liang based on the old Made with advanced technology, it can fire ten arrows at a time, greatly improving the combat effectiveness of the Shu army. Although the Shu soldiers were few, they were able to march out of the Qishan Mountains six times and invade the Weihe Plain. The Wei soldiers hid in deep ditches and high forts and did not dare to fight. Another example is the ninth year of Jianxing, when Wei general Zhang He was shot dead by the Shu soldiers. This can all be proved by the repeated crossbows. effect. This repeating crossbow has two basic statistics. One is that it can fire ten arrows in a row, and the other is that the arrow length is only eight inches. The Chinese were the first to use bows and arrows in the world. When Europeans first used bows and arrows, the Chinese had been using them for nearly a thousand years. The Zhuge Liannu was a repeating crossbow created by Zhuge Liang of the Shu Kingdom during the Three Kingdoms period. It was very advanced at the time and was the prototype of modern military weapons. It was also the earliest semi-automatic weapon in the world!

4. Steamed Buns

On the way to pacify Meng Huo's troops, Zhuge Liang suddenly encountered a strong wind on the river. The locals wanted to use human heads to pay tribute to the dead souls. Zhuge Liang was very disdainful of this ignorant and cruel approach. The local natives said to Zhuge Liang: "After the last time the Prime Minister crossed the Lu River, there were ghosts crying and wailing by the water every night. From dusk to dawn, they never stopped." Zhuge Liang thought, it seems that the crime is on me, how can he be implicated? As for the innocent soldiers and civilians, they decided to offer sacrifices in person. Zhuge Liang thought hard and finally came up with an ingenious way to replace the human head with another object. He ordered the soldiers to kill cattle and sheep, chop the beef and mutton into meat paste, mix it into meat filling, bread it with flour, make it look like a human head, and steam it in a cage. This kind of sacrifice is called "mansou". Zhuge Liang took the steamed buns made of meat and flour to the Lushui River, placed them on the altar table himself, worshiped them, and then threw them one by one into the Lushui River. From then on, people often used steamed buns as offerings for various sacrifices. Since "Shou" and "Tou" are synonymous, "Steamed Buns" were later called "Steamed Buns". Steamed buns were made as offerings to sacrifices and then eaten. People got inspiration from them and used steamed buns as food.

Nowadays, steamed buns are spread all over China and spread to all over the world. As for Zhuge Liang’s love for the people contained in them, perhaps not many people know about them. In the history of Chinese food, steamed buns referred to steamed buns for a long time. It was not until modern times that steamed buns and steamed buns were officially separated. Today, many places still call steamed buns "meat buns". So to be precise, Zhuge Liang invented the steamed buns we eat today!

5. Kongming Lantern

This is an aerial lantern invented by Zhuge Liang when he was trapped in Pingyang by Sima Yi during the Northern Expedition. It was used to convey messages to the reinforcements. It is also the origin of the hot air balloon. In the Three Kingdoms era when technology was underdeveloped, Zhuge Liang was still able to become the first person in the world to discover the principle of floating in the air in a hot air balloon. He was truly a Wolong!

6. Kongming Lock

Kongming Lock---it is said to be a toy invented by Zhuge Kongming during the Three Kingdoms period based on the principles of Bagua metaphysics. It was widely circulated among the people. Can you fasten six wooden bars crosswise together without nails and string? More than 2,000 years ago, Kong Ming invented a method to intersect and fix three groups of wooden strips vertically in an interlocking manner. This interlocking method was widely used in architecture. Among the people, Kong Ming’s invention was made into I bought a toy-Kong Mingsuo. The original wooden structure looks like a cross cube that fits perfectly together. It can be disassembled using your brain, but it is not that easy to install. Unlock the Kongming Lock to recreate ancient wisdom, and don’t let the wealth left to us by the ancients be lost in the hands of our generation. The prime minister's intelligence has a huge impact on people's lives. Kong Mingsuo is not so much a good intellectual toy as it is the epitome of Zhuge Liang's contribution to Chinese architecture!

7. Kongming Chess

As early as the Longzhong period, Zhuge Liang planned to invent a kind of chess. In 228 AD, there was a riot in the southern part of Shu. As the prime minister of a country, Zhuge Liang decided to personally lead his troops to conquer. However, things were not so good: the southern climate was difficult for the soldiers to adapt to. Coupled with the lack of interest in the army, the Southern King Meng Huo refused to surrender for a long time. Under such circumstances, Zhuge Liang invented Kong Mingqi to cheer up the bored hearts of his soldiers. Kongming chess has simple rules and is an intellectual game. Zhuge Liang also invented the Nine Links, including the Kongming Lock mentioned above. These intellectual toys have also been marked with Zhuge Liang's registered trademark. It can be seen that Wuhou's contribution to the development of the toy industry cannot be ignored!

8. Fire Beasts

When Zhuge Liang pacified the south, he suffered a defeat: Meng Huo, the king of the south, used beasts as soldiers and used elephants, tigers, bison, wolves and other wild beasts to defeat Zhao Yun. and Wei Yan’s soldiers and horses. Zhuge Liang had an idea and thought that wild animals were afraid of fire. So a few days later, he invented a weapon that looked like a beast, was red in color, and could breathe fire to deal with Meng Huo's beast soldiers. Another ancient robot!

9. Bridge Gun

After Zhuge Liang pacified the south, he decided to send his troops north to fulfill Liu Bei's last wish to revive the Han Dynasty. The terrain leading to the north is extremely difficult, with many mountains and rivers. Climbing the mountain was okay, but the key was crossing the river: the soldiers had to spend a long time building the bridge every time. Zhuge Liang was also troubled by this. One day, he thought of how the ancients made hooks and invented the bridge gun. The barrel of the bridge gun is as long as the Hongying gun. The gun head is spiral-shaped and connected by bite to achieve the purpose of building a bridge. Quick and convenient, dual-use, amazing!

10. Landmines

The first appearance of landmines, frequently used in world wars, was when Zhuge Liang conquered Menghuo in the south. Literature: "It's called a 'land mine'. There are nine cannons hidden in one cannon, and they are buried in thirty steps. Bamboo poles are used to connect the joints to draw the explosive wire. As soon as they are fired, the mountains are damaged and the rocks are cracked." Because of the swords and guns in the hands of the Shu army. Unable to protect Meng Huo's soldiers from the tough rattan armor, Zhuge Liang had to use landmines to defeat the enemy. The so-called landmines at that time were nothing more than putting gunpowder in a wooden box. Since there was no fuse, they had to use bamboo tubes filled with gunpowder as fuses. Later, it was also used in the game between Zhuge Liang and Sima Yi. Unexpectedly, it rained heavily, causing the pre-deployed mines to be soaked with gunpowder and unable to explode. Zhuge Liang wasted all his previous efforts and was extremely depressed. He expressed his heartfelt sigh: "Everything depends on people, and everything depends on God." . Zhuge Liang's invention and use of landmines was the first use of chemistry in warfare. After the end of the cold weapon era, people further improved the manufacturing process and materials based on the landmine invented by Zhuge Liang, and finally got the current landmine!